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ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT FAIRVIEW STREET IMPROVEMENTS FROM 9TH STREET TO 16TH STREET AND
<br />JUNE 2019 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECT
<br />SANTA ANA, CALIFORNIA
<br />Rancho San Joaquin, which separates Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana and Rancho Lomas de Santiago
<br />in this area.
<br />Red Hill was known by the natives as Katuktu, by the Spanish as Cerro Colorado (Red Hill) and Cerrito
<br />de las Ranas (Hill of the Frogs) (Hoover et al. 1962:30; Meadows 1966:118). Its redness is caused by
<br />cinnabar, or mercury ore. In 1884, a quicksilver mine existed on the southwestern edge of Red Hill
<br />that was improved in 1927. The mine was further improved during World War II, although there is
<br />no record of its being worked after World War II. Red Hill is California Registered Landmark No. 203.
<br />California Place Names (Gudde 1998:311) states that with more than 550 mapped names that
<br />include the word red, that ... "next to 'black,' 'red' is the most common adjective of color used in
<br />place names." Usually the word describes "hills, peaks, cliffs, and points, named after red features or
<br />because the soil appears red. As such, the name is the logical result of soil color."
<br />Santa Ana
<br />On July 28, 1769, the Portola Expedition reached what is now known as the Santa Ana River and
<br />camped there (Hoover et al. 1962:29). The padres named the stream el dulcisimo nombre de Jesus
<br />de los Temblores (the most sweet name of Jesus of the Earthquakes), although the soldiers called it
<br />Rio de Santa Ana. The name honors St. Anne, mother of the Virgin Mary (Gudde 1998:344). This is
<br />the only time that the soldiers of the Portola Expedition applied a holy name to a place (Gudde
<br />1998:344).
<br />The City of Santa Ana was founded in 1868 by William H. Spurgeon. The City was named after the
<br />land grant on which it was located, Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, the name taken from the river.
<br />The City incorporated June 1, 1886 with a population of 2,000. At the time, the area was still part of
<br />Los Angeles County. Santa Ana became the county seat in 1889, when Orange County was
<br />established (Marlin 1911:316; Meadows 1966:123; Salley 1977:123). The first post office in Santa
<br />Ana was established July 5, 1870. The first postmaster was William Spurgeon, and the post office
<br />was a partitioned wooden box in Spurgeon's store (Salley 1977:197).
<br />Santa Ana was the home of the original Glenn L. Martin aviation company that was founded in 1912,
<br />prior to its merger with the Wright Company in 1916. Later, Glen Martin founded a second company
<br />in Cleveland, Ohio that eventually merged with Lockheed Corporation, forming the world's largest
<br />defense contractor: Lockheed Martin.
<br />Santa Ana is also the namesake of the Santa Ana Army Air Base, activated January 1, 1942, during
<br />World War II and decommissioned in 1946. The base was on 1,336 acres now in Santa Ana and Costa
<br />Mesa between Harbor Boulevard and Newport Boulevard. Part of the area included what is now
<br />John Wayne International Airport, formerly Orange County Airport, which before that was known as
<br />Martin Field. The Santa Ana Army Air Base began as an induction center for the Air Corps
<br />Replacement Training Center's new recruits. As such, it was a huge basic training camp for future
<br />pilots, navigators, bombardiers, and other air corps -related specialties.
<br />Plans called for 177 buildings including barracks, supply buildings, administration buildings, mess
<br />halls, officer's quarters, motor repair shop, post office, service station, recreation buildings, theater,
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