Item 18 - Appeal Application Nos. 2023-02 and 2023-03 for Cabrillo Town Center project

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Electricity and Natural Gas Generation Emissions GHG emissions are emitted because of activities in buildings when electricity and natural gas are used as energy sources. Combustion of any type of fuel emits CO2 and other GHG emissions directly into the atmosphere. When electricity is used in a building, the electricity generation typically takes place off -site at the power plant; electricity use in a building generally causes emissions in an indirect manner. Electricity and natural gas emissions were calculated for the Project using the CaIEEMod emissions inventory model, which multiplies an estimate of the energy usage by applicable emissions factors chosen by the utility company. GHG emissions from electricity use are directly dependent on the electricity utility provider. In this case, GHG emissions intensity factors for Southern California Edison (SCE) were selected in CalEEMod. The carbon intensity ((pounds per megawatt an hour (lbs/MWh)) for electricity generation was calculated for the Project buildout year based on SCE projections. A straight-line interpolation was performed to estimate the SCE carbon intensity factor for the Project buildout year. SCE's carbon intensity projections also consider SIB 350 RPS requirements for renewable energy. This approach is conservative, given the 2018 chaptering of SIB 100 (De Leon), which requires electricity providers to provide renewable energy for at least 60 percent of their delivered power by 2030 and 100 percent use of renewable energy and zero -carbon resources by 2045. SIB 100 also increases existing renewable energy targets, called Renewables Portfolio Standard (RIPS), to 44 percent by 2024 and 52 percent by 2027. The 2022 Title 24 standards contain more substantial energy efficiency requirements for new construction, emphasizing the importance of building design and construction flexibility to establish performance standards that substantially reduce energy consumption for water hating, lighting, and insulation for attics and walls. Energy use in buildings is divided into energy consumed by the built environment and energy consumed by uses that are independent of the construction of the building, such as in plug-in appliances. CaIEEMod calculates energy use from systems covered by Title 24 (e.g., HVAC system, water heating system, and lighting system); energy use from lighting; and energy use from office equipment, appliances, plug -ins, and other sources not covered by Title 24 or lighting. CaIEEMod electricity and natural gas usage rates are based on the CEC-sponsored California Commercial End -Use Survey (CEUS) and the California Residential Appliance Saturation Survey (RASS) studies." The data are specific for climate zones; therefore, Zone 11 was selected for the Project Site based on the zip code tool. 71 California Energy Commission, Commercial End -Use Survey, March 2006, and California Residential Appliance Saturation Survey, October 2010. Cabrillo Town Center PAGE 51 18 — 1016 City of Santa Ana 10/3/20 2023