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City of Santa Ana Emergency Operations Plan <br />Part I Basic Plan <br />between 2010 and 2013, but large outbreaks resulted in 23 cases reported in 2014, and 35 cases reported in the <br />first few months of 2015. <br />Pertussis — Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacteria <br />Bordetella pertussis. Although symptoms may be mild and resemble an ordinary cold in some people, the infection <br />may become more serious, particularly in infants, and cause hospitalizations and even death. Infections in the U.S. <br />decreased dramatically with the advent of the whole -cell DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine in the 1940's, <br />but have increased over the past 20-30 years, partially because of increased awareness, improved testing, better <br />reporting, and waning immunity from the acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) used since the 1990's. California has <br />had particularly large outbreaks since 2010 with numbers as high as those in the 1940's. Over 9,000 pertussis <br />cases and 10 infant deaths were reported with disease onset in 2010 and over 11,000 cases and three infant deaths <br />were reported with disease onset in 2014. In Orange County, 467 pertussis cases were reported in 2010 and 397 <br />in 2014. <br />Foodborne Illness, including Norovirus <br />The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that every year approximately one in six <br />Americans (or 48 million people) get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases in the <br />United States. Extrapolated to the Orange County population, this would suggest approximately 500,000 people <br />get sick with foodborne illness each year. Examples of reportable illnesses that may potentially be food -borne <br />include bacteria such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, and shiga toxin -producing Escherichia coli (E. Coli). In <br />Orange County, on average approximately 400 cases of Salmonella, 400 Campylobacter, and 40 E. Coli are <br />reported each year. Not all foodborne illness is reportable and even the diseases that are reportable are under- <br />reported and under -diagnosed. It is difficult to document the exact numbers of people affected. <br />In general, foodborne illnesses cause symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and/or abdominal cramps. Some <br />people may also have fever. Complications of foodborne illnesses include dehydration and spread of the infection <br />to the blood or other parts of the body, especially if a bacterium is involved. Foodborne illnesses can result from <br />exposure to contaminated food prepared at home or at a restaurant or market, from contaminated food sources <br />and/or human error in preparation or storage. Each year, Orange County Health Care Agency receives 800-1,000 <br />reports of foodborne illness, and investigates 20-40 foodborne outbreaks. <br />Vector -Borne Diseases <br />Information for this assessment was obtained from the Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District. The <br />mission of the Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District (District) is to protect Orange County citizens <br />from vectors and the diseases they carry. The District routinely conducts field surveys to determine the presence <br />of vectors and vector -borne diseases. The majority of the District's resources are devoted to the control of <br />mosquitoes, rats, flies, and Red Imported Fire Ants (RIFA). Surveillance and detection programs are designed <br />around each of these vectors. The District has identified the following vector -borne diseases as a potential threat <br />to residents of Orange County. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods may increase local mosquito <br />populations and the overall risk of these diseases being transmitted to residents of Orange County. <br />Mosquito -Borne Disease - The District's surveillance and mosquito control efforts are focused on these <br />mosquito -borne diseases: <br />• West Nile Virus (WNV), <br />• Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE), <br />• Invasive Aedes diseases (chikungunya, dengue, Zika, yellow fever), and <br />• Malaria. <br />In. 2015, two invasive Aedes mosquito species were detected in multiple locations in Orange County. The presence <br />of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the County indicates that chikungunya, dengue, Zika, and <br />.0 <br />