City of Santa Ana Emergency Operations Plan
<br />Part I Basic Plan
<br />between 2010 and 2013, but large outbreaks resulted in 23 cases reported in 2014, and 35 cases reported in the
<br />first few months of 2015.
<br />Pertussis — Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacteria
<br />Bordetella pertussis. Although symptoms may be mild and resemble an ordinary cold in some people, the infection
<br />may become more serious, particularly in infants, and cause hospitalizations and even death. Infections in the U.S.
<br />decreased dramatically with the advent of the whole -cell DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine in the 1940's,
<br />but have increased over the past 20-30 years, partially because of increased awareness, improved testing, better
<br />reporting, and waning immunity from the acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) used since the 1990's. California has
<br />had particularly large outbreaks since 2010 with numbers as high as those in the 1940's. Over 9,000 pertussis
<br />cases and 10 infant deaths were reported with disease onset in 2010 and over 11,000 cases and three infant deaths
<br />were reported with disease onset in 2014. In Orange County, 467 pertussis cases were reported in 2010 and 397
<br />in 2014.
<br />Foodborne Illness, including Norovirus
<br />The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that every year approximately one in six
<br />Americans (or 48 million people) get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases in the
<br />United States. Extrapolated to the Orange County population, this would suggest approximately 500,000 people
<br />get sick with foodborne illness each year. Examples of reportable illnesses that may potentially be food -borne
<br />include bacteria such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, and shiga toxin -producing Escherichia coli (E. Coli). In
<br />Orange County, on average approximately 400 cases of Salmonella, 400 Campylobacter, and 40 E. Coli are
<br />reported each year. Not all foodborne illness is reportable and even the diseases that are reportable are under-
<br />reported and under -diagnosed. It is difficult to document the exact numbers of people affected.
<br />In general, foodborne illnesses cause symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and/or abdominal cramps. Some
<br />people may also have fever. Complications of foodborne illnesses include dehydration and spread of the infection
<br />to the blood or other parts of the body, especially if a bacterium is involved. Foodborne illnesses can result from
<br />exposure to contaminated food prepared at home or at a restaurant or market, from contaminated food sources
<br />and/or human error in preparation or storage. Each year, Orange County Health Care Agency receives 800-1,000
<br />reports of foodborne illness, and investigates 20-40 foodborne outbreaks.
<br />Vector -Borne Diseases
<br />Information for this assessment was obtained from the Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District. The
<br />mission of the Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District (District) is to protect Orange County citizens
<br />from vectors and the diseases they carry. The District routinely conducts field surveys to determine the presence
<br />of vectors and vector -borne diseases. The majority of the District's resources are devoted to the control of
<br />mosquitoes, rats, flies, and Red Imported Fire Ants (RIFA). Surveillance and detection programs are designed
<br />around each of these vectors. The District has identified the following vector -borne diseases as a potential threat
<br />to residents of Orange County. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and floods may increase local mosquito
<br />populations and the overall risk of these diseases being transmitted to residents of Orange County.
<br />Mosquito -Borne Disease - The District's surveillance and mosquito control efforts are focused on these
<br />mosquito -borne diseases:
<br />• West Nile Virus (WNV),
<br />• Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE),
<br />• Invasive Aedes diseases (chikungunya, dengue, Zika, yellow fever), and
<br />• Malaria.
<br />In. 2015, two invasive Aedes mosquito species were detected in multiple locations in Orange County. The presence
<br />of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the County indicates that chikungunya, dengue, Zika, and
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