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City of Santa Ana Emergency Operations Plan <br />Part I Basic Plan <br />Heat Illness and Injury <br />Medical <br />Symptoms <br />Responses <br />Condition <br />Heat Cramps <br />Painful muscle cramps and spasms, <br />Gently stretch and massage affected muscle groups. <br />usually in muscles of abdomen, arms <br />and legs. <br />Stop all activity and sit in a cool place. Drink clear juice <br />or a sports beverage. Consult with a clinician or <br />Heavy sweating. <br />physician if individual has cardiac problems or cramps <br />do not subside within one hour. <br />Heat Syncope <br />Skin moist and cool. <br />Sit or lie down in a cool place. Slowly drink water, clear <br />(Fainting) <br />juice, or a sports beverage. <br />Light-headedness, dizziness, <br />fainting. <br />Heat <br />Heavy sweating, weakness, skin is <br />Move individual out of sun and into shady or air - <br />Exhaustion <br />cool, pale, and clammy. Rapid but <br />conditioned location. Lay him or her down, elevate <br />weak pulse. Normal temperature <br />legs, and loosen or remove clothing. Apply cool, wet <br />possible. Possible muscle cramps, <br />cloths or use mister and fan. Give sips of cool water or <br />dizziness, fainting, headache, <br />other non-alcoholic beverage without caffeine. Seek <br />fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. <br />medical attention if symptoms worsen or last longer <br />than one hour. Monitor carefully, as can quickly <br />progress to heat stroke. <br />Heat Stroke <br />Altered mental state —irritable, <br />Heat stroke is a medical emergency. Summon <br />(Sunstroke) <br />personality changes. Rapid <br />emergency medical assistance or get the individual to a <br />heartbeat. Rapid shallow breathing. <br />hospital immediately. Delay can be fatal. <br />Possible throbbing headache, <br />confusion, nausea, and dizziness. <br />Move individual to a cooler, preferably air-conditioned, <br />High body temperature (> <br />environment. Reduce body temperature with a water <br />Rapid and strong pulse possible. <br />mister, covering with cool sheets or sponging. Use air <br />Possible unconsciousness. Skin may <br />conditioners. Use fans if heat index temperatures are <br />be hot and dry due to lack of <br />below the high 90s. Remove clothing. If temperature <br />sweating, or moist if caused by <br />rises again, repeat process. Offer cool water or other <br />exertion. <br />non-alcoholic beverage without caffeine. <br />Animals - Hot weather affects animals just as it affects people. Exposure to high temperatures can cause serious <br />illness, injury or death to animals. Dogs and cats have a normal body temperature of 101.5 degrees (plus or minus <br />1 degree). Dogs and cats are designed to conserve heat and are less efficient at cooling than humans. Any time a <br />dog or cat's body temperature rises above 105 degrees, they are in danger of heat stroke. <br />Animal's sweat glands are located on the nose and footpads, which are inadequate for cooling on hot days. Panting <br />and drinking water help cooling, but if the air temperature is overheated, brain and other organ damage can occur <br />in 15 minutes. <br />Animals left inside a vehicle on hot days constitute a life -threatening emergency to the animal. A car with <br />windows rolled down slightly, combined with windows collecting light, will trap heat inside and create a pressure <br />cooker effect. With an outside air temperature of 85 degrees, after 10 minutes the inside car temperature will rise <br />to 102 degrees and will rise to 120 degrees after 30 minutes. <br />61 <br />