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ÐP <br />are more frequent and can trap pollutants close to the ground. In terms of health, CO competes with <br />oxygen, often replacing it in the blood, thus reducing the bloodÓs ability to transport oxygen to vital <br />organs. The results of excess CO exposure can be dizziness, fatigue, and impairment of central nervous <br />system functions. <br />Sulfur Oxides <br />Sulfur Dioxide (SO) is a colorless, pungent gas formed primarily by the combustion of sulfur-containing <br />2 <br />fossil fuels. The main sources of SO are coal and oil used in power plants and industries; as such, the <br />2 <br />highest levels of SO are generally found near large industrial complexes. In recent years, SO <br />22 <br />concentrations have been reduced by the increasingly stringent controls placed on stationary source <br />emissions of SO and limits placed on the sulfur content of fuels. SO is an irritant gas that attacks the <br />22 <br />throat and lungs and can cause acute respiratory symptoms and diminished ventilator function in <br />children. SO can also yellow plant leaves and erode iron and steel. <br />2 <br />Particulate Matter <br />Particulate matter (PM) pollution consists of very small liquid and solid particles floating in the air, which <br />can include smoke, soot, dust, salts, acids, and metals. Particulate matter can form when gases emitted <br />from industries and motor vehicles undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere. PM and PM <br />2.510 <br />represent fractions of particulate matter. Fine particulate matter, or PM, is roughly 1/28 the diameter <br />2.5 <br />of a human hair. PM results from fuel combustion (e.g., motor vehicles, power generation, and <br />2.5 <br />industrial facilities), residential fireplaces, and woodstoves. In addition, PM can be formed in the <br />2.5 <br />atmosphere from gases such as sulfur oxides (SO), NO, and VOCs. Inhalable or coarse particulate <br />XX <br />matter, or PM, is about one- seventh the thickness of a human hair. Major sources of PM include <br />1010 <br />dust stirred up by vehicles traveling on roads; crushing or grinding operations; wood-burning stoves <br />and fireplaces; dust from construction, landfills, and agriculture; wildfires and brush/waste burning; <br />industrial sources; windblown dust from open lands; and atmospheric chemical and photochemical <br />reactions. <br />PM and PM pose a greater health risk than larger-size particles. When inhaled, these tiny particles <br />2.510 <br />can penetrate the human respiratory systemÓs natural defenses and damage the respiratory tract. PM <br />2.5 <br />and PM can increase the number and severity of asthma attacks, cause or aggravate bronchitis and <br />10 <br />other lung diseases, and reduce the bodyÓs ability to fight infections. Very small particles of substances <br />such as lead, sulfates, and nitrates can cause lung damage directly or be absorbed into the <br />bloodstream, causing damage elsewhere in the body. Additionally, these substances can transport <br />absorbed gases, such as chlorides or ammonium, into the lungs, also causing injury. Whereas PM <br />10 <br />tends to collect in the upper portion of the respiratory system, PM is so tiny that it can penetrate <br />2.5 <br />deeper into the lungs and damage lung tissues. Suspended particulates also damage and discolor <br />surfaces on which they settle, as well as produce haze and reduce regional visibility. <br />3 An STR Ban Will Increase Air Pollutant Emissions and Greenhouse Gas <br />Emissions <br />There are approximately 1,000 active Airbnb listings in Santa Ana. Elimination of these Airbnb rentals <br />and other short-term rentals in Santa Ana and the corresponding increase in guests at Santa Ana hotels <br /> <br />3/14 <br /> <br /> <br />