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As discussed previously, HUD's dissimilarity indices can be used to estimate segregation levels <br />over time. Dissimilarity indices for Orange County and Santa Ana are shown in Table 2. <br />Dissimilarity indices between non-White and White groups indicate that segregation in the county <br />increased with regard to segregation since 1990. Segregation between Hispanic and White <br />communities has increased to moderate levels after having had decreased to Low levels in 2010. <br />Segregation between Black and Asian/Pacific Islander communities with White communities has <br />also increased but at lower levels than Hispanic communities. As a whole, Orange County has <br />seen an increase in diversity since 1990. Non -White populations have been and continue to grow <br />in concentration in central and northern portions of the County, primarily in cities such as Santa <br />Ana, Westminster, Anaheim, Buena Park, and Norwalk. <br />Areas in central Orange County have the highest Dissimilarity Index values for their populations. <br />Orange, Santa Ana and Tustin are particularly affected. The Black/White index value for the city <br />of Orange is 42.35, as opposed to a 22.63 Non-White/White index value. Neighboring Tustin has <br />a 48.19 as their Black/White index value. <br />Table 2 <br />Racial/Ethnic Dissimilarity Trends: Orange County and Santa Ana <br />1990 <br />1 2000 <br />2010 <br />Current <br />Orange County <br />Non-White/White <br />30.48 <br />36.54 <br />35.55 <br />40.20 <br />Black/White <br />32.90 <br />35.33 <br />34.07 <br />40.77 <br />Hispanic/White <br />36.26 <br />42.43 <br />39.52 <br />43.26 <br />Asian or Pacific Islander/White <br />36.26 <br />36.76 <br />37.16 <br />40.77 <br />Santa Ana <br />Non-White/White <br />47.77 <br />49.28 <br />46.49 <br />47.97 <br />Black/White <br />36.53 <br />27.91 <br />25.15 <br />33.97 <br />Hispanic/White <br />53.09 <br />53.61 <br />50.00 <br />51.40 <br />Asian or Pacific Islander/White <br />43.10 <br />46.77 <br />46.87 <br />48.78 <br />Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing <br />AFFH Database, 2020. <br />Figure 4 shows that most central areas in Orange County have high concentrations of racial/ethnic <br />minorities. Coastal cities, including Huntington Beach and Costa Mesa, and the areas east and <br />southeast of Interstate 5 generally have smaller non-White populations. Most block groups inland, <br />including Westminster, Garden Grove, Anaheim, and some parts of Irvine have majority <br />racial/ethnic minority populations. Santa Ana's racial/ethnic minority populations are comparable <br />to the immediately surrounding jurisdictions. Coastal communities west and south of Santa Ana <br />tend to have smaller racial/ethnic minority populations, and communities directly surrounding <br />Santa Ana, such as Garden Grove and Westminster, have larger concentrations of racial/ethnic <br />minorities. <br />The post -World War II period saw urbanization in Orange County, with white, middle class families <br />moving to newly developed suburban communities, particularly along the coast. In contrast, <br />working-class and immigrant populations were often relegated to older, urbanized areas like <br />Santa Ana, where housing was more affordable, and employment opportunities (often in <br />agriculture or industrial sectors) were closer. As a result, these inland areas became home to <br />larger Latino and Asian immigrant communities, particularly after the Immigration and Nationality <br />