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1.6 Patterns of Integration and Segregation <br />This section includes an analysis of integration and segregation, including patterns and trends, <br />related to people with protected characteristics. <br />Race and Ethnicity <br />Ethnic and racial composition of a region is useful in analyzing housing demand and any related <br />fair housing concerns, as it tends to demonstrate a relationship with other characteristics such as <br />household size, locational preferences, and mobility. <br />The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides racial or ethnic <br />dissimilarity trends as an indicator of segregation. Dissimilarity indices can be used to measure <br />how consistent two groups (frequently used to analyze race or ethnicity characteristics) are <br />distributed across a geographic unit, such as a census tract or block group. The dissimilarity index <br />ranges from 0 to 100, with 0 meaning no segregation and 100 meaning high segregation among <br />the two groups. The following ranges show how HUD characterizes levels of dissimilarity: <br />•<40: Low Segregation <br />•40–54: Moderate Segregation <br />•>55: High Segregation <br />Regional Trend <br />As shown in Table 1, racial/ethnic minority groups make up 59 percent of the Orange County <br />population. 34 percent of the Orange County population is Hispanic/Latino, 39 percent of the <br />population is White, 21.1 percent is Asian, and 1.6 percent is Black/African American. Santa Ana <br />and the neighboring cities of Anaheim, Tustin, and Garden Grove have larger populations of <br />racial/ethnic minority (non-White) populations compared to the County. <br />Table 1 <br />Racial/Ethnic Composition: Orange County, Santa Ana, and Neighboring Cities <br />Race/Ethnicity <br />Santa <br />Ana Anaheim Tustin <br />Costa <br />Mesa <br />Garden <br />Grove Irvine Orange County <br />Hispanic or Latino (of <br />any race) 76.7% 54.0% 40.0% 35.9% 36.9% 12.0% 34.0% <br />Not Hispanic or Latino 23.3% 46.1% 60.0% 64.1% 63.1% 88.1% 66.0% <br />White alone 9.5% 23.2% 29.6% 40.1% 18.1% 37.4% 39.0% <br />Black or African <br />American alone 0.9% 2.5% 2.3% 1.3% 0.9% 1.7% 1.6% <br />American Indian and <br />Alaska Native alone 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% <br />Asian alone 11.8% 17.1% 24.1% 9.0% 41.7% 42.6% 21.1% <br />Native Hawaiian, Other <br />Pacific Islander alone 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 0.6% 0.2% 0.3% 25.0% <br />Some other race alone 1.0% 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% 13.0% 0.3% 0.3% <br />Two or more races 0.8% 2.5% 3.3% 3.7% 5.4% 5.6% 6.0% <br />Source: 2021 American Community Survey (ACS), 5-Year Estimates. <br />ATTACHMENT 3