Item 09 - Fairview Street Improvement Project

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State of California—The Resources Agency Primary# DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial Page 3 of 11 *Resource Name or#2501 Huckleberry Road *Recorded by: Andrew Bursan *Date: December 9, 2024 ❑x Continuation ❑ Update 1310. Significance(continued): Regional History The American period began when Mexico and the United States signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848.As a result of the treaty,Alta California became part of the United States as the territory of California. Rapid population increase occasioned by the Gold Rush of 1849 allowed California to become a state in 1850. Most Mexican land grants were confirmed to the grantees by U.S. courts, but usually with more restricted boundaries,which were surveyed by the U.S. Surveyor General's office. Land outside the land grants became federal public land,which was surveyed into sections(one mile square), quarter sections, and quarter-quarter sections. This federal public land could be purchased at a low fixed price per acre or could be obtained through homesteading after 1862(Robinson 1948).The first European to visit California was Spanish maritime explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542. Cabrillo was sent north by the Viceroy of New Spain (Mexico)to look for the Northwest Passage. Cabrillo visited San Diego Bay, Catalina Island, San Pedro Bay, and the northern Channel Islands. The English adventurer Francis Drake visited the Miwok Native American group at Drake's Bay or Bodega Bay in 1579. Sebastian Vizcaino explored the coast as far north as Monterey in 1602. He reported that Monterey was an excellent location for a port(Castillo 1978). Vizcaino also named San Diego Bay to commemorate Saint Didacus. The name began to appear on European maps of the New World by 1624 (Gudde 1998). Colonization of California began with the Spanish Portola land expedition. The expedition, led by Captain Gaspar de Portola of the Spanish army and Father Junipero Serra, a Franciscan missionary, explored the California coast from San Diego to the Monterrey Bay Area in 1769.As a result of this expedition, Spanish missions to convert the native population, presidios (forts), and towns were established. The Franciscan missionary friars established 21 missions in Alta California (the area north of Baja California)beginning with Mission San Diego in 1769 and ending with the mission in Sonoma established in 1823.The purpose of the missions and presidios was to establish Spanish economic, military, political, and religious control over the Alta California territory. Mission San Diego was established to convert the Native Americans that lived in the area, known as the Kumeyaay or Diegueno. Mission San Gabriel Archangel was founded in 1771 east of what is now Los Angeles to convert the Tongva or Gabrielino. Mission San Fernando, also in Tongva/Gabrielino territory,was established in 1797. Mission San Juan Capistrano was established in 1776 on San Juan Creek(in what is now southern Orange County)to convert the Agjachemem or Juaneno. Mission San Luis Rey was established in 1798 on the San Luis Rey River(in what is now northern San Diego County)to convert the Luiseno. Missions San Buenaventura and Santa Barbara were founded in Chumash territory in 1782 and 1786, respectively(Castillo 1978). Some missions later established outposts in inland areas.An asistencia (mission outpost)of Mission San Luis Rey, known as San Antonio de Pala, was built in Luiseno territory along the upper San Luis Rey River near Mount Palomar in 1810(Pourade 1961).A chapel administered by Mission San Gabriel Archangel was established in the San Bernardino area in 1819(Bean and Smith 1978).The present asistencia within the western outskirts of present-day Redlands was built c. 1830(Haenszel and Reynolds 1975).The missions sustained themselves through cattle ranching and traded hides and tallow for supplies brought by ship. Large cattle ranches were established by Mission San Luis Rey at Temecula and San Jacinto(Gunther 1984). The Spanish also constructed presidios, or forts, at San Diego and Santa Barbara, and a pueblo, or town,was established at Los Angeles. The Spanish period in California began in 1769 with the Portola expedition and ended in 1821 with Mexican independence. After Mexico became independent from Spain in 1821, what is now California became the Mexican province of Alta California. The Mexican government closed the missions in the 1830s and former mission lands were granted to retired soldiers and other Mexican citizens for use as cattle ranches. Much of the land along the coast and in the interior valleys became part of Mexican land grants or"ranchos" (Robinson 1948). During the Mexican period there were small towns at San Diego(near the presidio), San Juan Capistrano(around the mission), and Los Angeles. The DPR 523L(1/95) *Required information 9-159