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SANTA ANA REZONE PROJECT
<br /> INITIAL STUDYIMITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION
<br /> carbon monoxide (GO), particulate matter, including dust, 10 micrometers or less in diameter (PM,o),
<br /> and particulate matter, including dust, 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter(PM2.5). In addition, toxic air
<br /> contaminants (TACs) are of concern in the SoCAB. Each of these pollutants is briefly described
<br /> below. Other pollutants that are regulated but not considered an issue in the project area are sulfur
<br /> dioxide, vinyl chloride, sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, and lead-, the proposed project would not emit
<br /> substantial quantities of those pollutants, so they are not discussed further in this section.
<br /> Ozone is a gas that is formed when reactive organic gases (ROG), also known as volatile organic
<br /> compounds (VOC), and NOx—bath byproducts of internal combustion engine exhaust—undergo slow
<br /> photochemical reactions in the presence of sunlight. Ozone concentrations are generally highest
<br /> during the summer months when direct sunlight, light wind, and warm temperature conditions are
<br /> conducive to its formation. Ozone effects can include the following: irritation of the respiratory system-,
<br /> reduced lung function; breathing pattern changes; reduced breathing capacity; inflammation and
<br /> damage to cells that line the lungs; lungs more susceptible to infection; aggravated asthma;
<br /> aggravated other chronic lung diseases; permanent lung damage; some immunological changes;
<br /> increased mortality risk; and vegetation and property damage.
<br /> CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels. CO concentrations
<br /> tend to be the highest during winter mornings, with little to no wind, when surface-based inversions
<br /> trap the pollutant at ground levels. Because CO is emitted directly from internal combustion
<br /> engines—unlike ozone—and motor vehicles operating at slow speeds are the primary source of CO
<br /> in the SoCAB, the highest ambient CO concentrations are generally found near congested
<br /> transportation corridors and intersections. Potential health effects from CO range depending on
<br /> exposure: slight headaches; nausea; aggravation of angina pectoris(chest pain) and other aspects of
<br /> coronary heart disease; decreased exercise tolerance in persons with peripheral vascular disease
<br /> and lung disease; impairment of central nervous system functions-, possible increased risk to fetuses;
<br /> and death.
<br /> PM,c and PM2.5 consist of extremely small, suspended particles or droplets 10 microns and 2.5
<br /> microns or smaller in diameter, respectively. Some sources of particulate matter, like pollen and
<br /> windstorms, are naturally occurring. However, in populated areas, most particulate matter is caused
<br /> by road dust, diesel soot, combustion products, abrasion of tires and brakes, and construction
<br /> activities. Health effects from short-term exposure (hours per days) can include the following: irritation
<br /> of the eyes, nose,throat; coughing; phlegm; chest tightness; shortness of breath; and aggravation of
<br /> existing lung disease causing asthma attacks and acute bronchitis; those affected with heart disease
<br /> can suffer heart attacks and arrhythmias. Health effects from long-term exposure can include the
<br /> following: reduced lung function; chronic bronchitis; changes in lung morphology; and death.
<br /> TACs refer to a diverse group of air pollutants that can affect human health but have not had ambient
<br /> air quality standards established for them. Diesel particulate matter(DPM) is a TAG emitted from
<br /> construction equipment and diesel-fueled vehicles and trucks. Some short-term (acute) effects of
<br /> DPM exposure include eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation; coughing-, headache; light-headedness;
<br /> and nausea. Studies have linked elevated particle levels in the air to increased hospital admissions,
<br /> emergency room visits, asthma attacks, and premature deaths among those suffering from
<br /> 28 FCS
<br /> Ordinance No. N47�=,atEonosharepoint-MN1,S11ub1k.t10 Si1g5ha dD--nWP.bfiction1CIfent JPN-JN)(0327/03270 7PSMN0/0327W17 Santa Ana Reaone P,aje[%ISMN6.dom
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