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Four measures of recidivism This section measures recidivism four "Percent reconvicted" is based Within the first 3 years following their ways: on 14 of the 15 States participating release - • percent rearrested for any type of in the study 43% (4,163 of the 9,691) were crime "Percent returned to prison with a rearrested for at least 1 new crime -percent reconvicted for any type of new sentence" is based on 13 of (table 7) crime the 15 States - 24% (2,326 of the 9,691) were - percent returned to prison with a new "Percent returned to prison with or prison sentence for any type of crime without a new sentence" is based on 9 of the 15. - percent returned to prison with or Three of the four recidivism measures without a new prison sentence. were calculated from data on fewer "Percent rearrested" is calculated by than 15 States because the information dividing "the number rearrested" by needed to perform the calculations was "the number released from prison in not available (or not readily available) 1994.,, from each of the 15 participating States. Notes at the bottom of the "Percent reconvicted" is obtained by tables alert readers to such missing dividing "the number reconvicted" by data. "the number released from prison in 1994." (It is not calculated by dividing Four measures "the number reconvicted" by "the number rearrested.") A// sex offenders "Percent returned to prison with a new sentence" is calculated by dividing "the number returned to prison with a new sentence' by "the number released from prison in 1994." (It is not calcu- lated by dividing "the number returned to prison with a new sentence" by "the number reconvicted.") Except where stated otherwise, all four recidivism measures - - refer to the full 3-year period follow- ing the prisoner's release in 1994 • include both "in-State" and "out-of- State" recidivism. "In-State" recidivism refers to new offenses committed within the State that released the prisoner in 1994. "Out-of-State" recidivism is any new offenses in States other than the one that released him in 1994. Not all 4 of the recidivism measures are based on data from 15 States - • "Percent rearrested" is based on 15 States The 9,691 sex offenders in this study were all released from prison in 1994. reconvicted for any type of crime - 1 1 .2% (1 ,085 of the 9,691) were returned to prison with another sentence - 38.6% (3,741 of the 9,691) were returned to prison with or without a new sentence. For approximately three-fourths of the 4,163 men who were rearrested for some new crime, their most serious rearrest offense was a felony; for the remaining fourth, the most serious was a misdemeanor (not shown in table). Of the 4,163 men rearrested for some new offense, nearly 9 in 1 O (87%) were still on parole when taken into custody (not shown in table). Table 7. Recidivism rate of sex offenders released from prison in 1994, by recidivism measure and type of sex offender Percent of released prisoners Recidivism Sexual measure All Rapists assaulters Within 3 years following release: Rearrested for any type of crime 43.0 % 46.0 % 41 .5% Reconvicted for any type of crime- 24.0 % 27.3% 22.4% Returned to prison with a new sentence for any type of crime° 11.2 % 12.6% 1 O.5% Returned to prison with or without a new sentence` 38.6 % 43.6% 36.1 Total released 9,691 3,115 6,576 Note: The 9,691 sex offenders were released in 15 States. eBecause of missing data, prisoners released in Ohio were excluded from the calculation of percent reconvicted. °"New prison sentence" includes new sentences to State or Federal prisons but not to local jails. Because of missing data, prisoners released in Ohio and Virginia were excluded from the calculation of percent returned to prison with a new sentence. "'With or without a new sentence" includes prisoners with new sentences to State or Federal prisons plus prisoners returned for technical violations. Because of missing data, prisoners released in 6 States (Arizona, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, and Virginia) were excluded from the calculation of percent returned to prison with or without a new sentence. New York State custody records did not always distinguish prison returns from jail returns. Consequently, some persons received in New York jails were probably mistakenly classified as prison returns. Also, California with a relatively high return-to-prison rate affects the overall rate of 38.6%. When California is excluded, the return-to-prison rate falls to 27.9 % . Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 9994 13 50A-62