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The nation's rental housing comes in all structure types, sizes, prices, and locations. But with the recent growth in high-income renter households, most additions to the stock have been at the upper end of the market. In contrast, the supply of rentals affordable to low- and moderate -income households has not kept pace with growth in demand, contributing to the spread of housing cost burdens. Atthe same time, the rising costs of land, materials, and construction make development of lower -rent units increasingly difficult. SNAPSHOT OF THE RENTAL STOCK ]CHS analysis of the 2016 American Community Survey indicates that the rental stock comprises 47.1 million units, or 35 percent of the national housing supply. Just under 44 million of these units are currently occupied. Of the 3.4 million units that are vacant, 82 per- cent are available for rent while the remaining 18 percent are rented but unoccupied. It is a common misconception that rental housing consists almost entirely of apartments in multifamily buildings. In fact, multifamily units account for 61 percent (28.9 million units) of the nation's rental stock, distributed across various -sized properties. Single-family homes make up a substantial—and, until recently, fast-growing— share of rentals (Figure 14). This stock includes 13.1 million detached homes, 2.9 million attached homes, and 2.1 million mobile homes, RVs, and similar dwellings. Nearly half (46 percent) of all renter -occupied units are located in the principal cities of metro areas, 42 percent in surrounding sub- urban communities, and the remaining 12 percent in non -metro areas. Types of rental housing vary substantially by location, with large apartment buildings of. at least 20 units concentrated in urban areas and single-family rentals found primarily in suburban and non -metro areas. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN SUPPLY In the nation's 100 largest metros (home to almost 70 percent of all US households), detached single-family homes make up 24 percent of the rental stock while attached single-family units add another 7 percent. The remaining units are in multifamily structures, with 17 percent in small buildings of 2-4 units, 24 percent in mid-sized buildings of 5-19 units, and 25 percent in large buildings of 20 or more units. Mobile homes provide another 2 percent of the housing stock in the largest metros. But given differences in topography, density of development, and average age of the stock, the mix of rental housing varies widely across metro and rural areas. For example, detached single-family