Loading...
The URL can be used to link to this page
Your browser does not support the video tag.
Home
My WebLink
About
Item 21 - Public Hearing - Resolutions Approving the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Public Works Agency www.santa-ana.org/pw Item # 21 City of Santa Ana 20 Civic Center Plaza, Santa Ana, CA 92701 Staff Report May 19, 2026 TOPIC: Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan AGENDA TITLE Public Hearing - Resolutions Approving the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Legal notice published in the OC Reporter on May 4, 2026 and May 11, 2026. RECOMMENDED ACTION 1. Adopt a resolution approving the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan RESOLUTION NO. 2026-XXX entitled A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA ANA ADOPTING THE 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE CITY OF SANTA ANA 2. Adopt a resolution approving the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan RESOLUTION NO. 2026-XXX entitled A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA ANA ADOPTING THE 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR THE CITY OF SANTA ANA GOVERNMENT CODE §84308 APPLIES: No DISCUSSION The City of Santa Ana, as an urban water supplier, is required under the Urban Water Management Plan Act of 1983 (Act) to update and submit an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years (Exhibit 1). UWMPs are comprehensive documents that present an evaluation of a water supplier's long-term water supply reliability. The UWMP also includes an updated 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) designed to prepare for, and respond to, water shortages (Exhibit 2). Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan May 19, 2026 Page 2 The City coordinated the preparation of the 2025 UWMP and 2025 WSCP with local and regional entities, including the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), and the Orange County Water District (OCWD), along with other water agencies to provide valuable, regionally consistent data for the analyses prepared in the UWMP and WSCP. Overall, the UWMP confirms that water supplies for Santa Ana are sufficient and well managed. As a result, Santa Ana is projected to meet full-service water demands from 2026 through 2050 under all three evaluated conditions: normal years, single dry year, and five consecutive dry year conditions. The 2025 UWMP provides an assessment of the present and future water supply sources and demands within the City's service area. It presents an update to the 2020 UWMP on the City's water resource needs, water-use efficiency programs, water reliability assessment, and strategies to mitigate water shortage conditions. The 2025 UWMP contains all elements to meet compliance of the new requirements of the Act, as amended since 2020. The WSCP is a strategic planning document designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages. It provides the steps and water shortage response actions to be taken in times of water shortage conditions. The WSCP has prescriptive elements, such as an analysis of water supply reliability, the water shortage response actions for each of the six standard water shortage levels, an estimate of potential to close supply gap for each measure, protocols and procedures to communicate identified actions for any current or predicted water shortage conditions, procedures for an Annual Assessment, monitoring and reporting requirements to determine customer compliance, and reevaluation and improvement procedures for evaluating the WSCP. This level of detailed planning and preparation is intended to help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions. Although an appendix to the UWMP, DWR requires the WSCP be treated as a stand-alone document with its own resolution and adoption. As part of the existing agreement for programs and services with the MWDOC, the City elected to utilize a MWDOC-led team of regionally-focused consultants to assist in the preparation of the 2025 UWMP. This approach ensured that all requirements of the plans were met in a manner consistent with other water suppliers in Orange County. The final draft of the plans and notices were sent to officials at the County of Orange, the City of Garden Grove, and the City of Orange, in accordance with the Act. Copies of the 2025 UWMP and 2025 WSCP are available for review in the City Clerk's Office, at the Public Works Counter in City Hall, and on the City's website. Staff recommends the adoption of the resolutions approving the final draft of the City's 2025 UWMP (Exhibit 3) and the 2025 WSCP (Exhibit 4). Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan May 19, 2026 Page 3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT There is no environmental impact associated with the action. In accordance with Section 15282 of the CEQA Guidelines, preparation and adoption of urban water management plans are statutorily exempt from further environmental review. FISCAL IMPACT There is no fiscal impact associated with the action. EXHIBIT(S) 1. 2025 Urban Water Management Plan 2. 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan 3. Resolution to Adopt the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Update 4. Resolution to Adopt the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Submitted By: Rodolfo Rosas, P. E., Acting Executive Director of Public Works Agency Approved By: Alvaro Nunez, City Manager COTAA 7—�xne— 2 2io5 Urban Water Management Plan FINAL DRAFT / May 2026 � T ow 1114 F" t 1� w • j • s MADDAUS in collaboration with Smith and WATER MANAGEMENT INC. �N 0 RA/yc 2A�O o 2025 Urban Water Management Plan May 2026 / FINAL DRAFT 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction and UWMP Overview ES-1 UWMP Preparation ES-1 System Description ES-1 Water Use Characterization ES-2 Water Use in the Last Five Years ES-2 Projected Water Use ES-2 Conservation Target Compliance ES-2 Water Supply Characterization ES-2 Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment ES-3 Water Shortage Contingency Planning ES-3 Demand Management Measures ES-3 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation ES-4 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND UWMP OVERVIEW 1.1 Overview of UWMP Requirements 1-1 1.2 UWMP Organization 1-2 CHAPTER 2 UWMP PREPARATION 2.1 Individual Planning and Compliance 2-2 2.2 Coordination and Outreach 2-3 2.2.1 Integration With Other Planning Efforts 2-3 2.2.2 Wholesale and Retail Coordination 2-5 2.2.3 Public Participation 2-6 CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 3.1 Agency Overview 3-1 3.1.1 Formation and Purpose 3-1 3.1.2 City Council 3-3 3.1.3 Relationship to MET 3-3 3.2 Water Service Area and Facilities 3-3 3.2.1 Water Service Area 3-3 3.2.2 Water Facilities 3-4 3.3 Climate 3-5 3.4 Population, Demographics, and Socioeconomics 3-6 3.4.1 Service Area Population 3-6 3.4.2 Demographics and Socioeconomics 3-6 3.4.3 Demographic Projection Methodology 3-7 3.5 Land Uses 3-7 3.5.1 Current Land Uses 3-7 CITY OF SANTA ANA pw://Carollo/CA/MWDOC/204447-000000103 Reports and Studies102 Deliverables/Grp3_Santa Ana UW(VIP/_Cover_TOC_Abbrevs_AppxCovers.docx 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 3.5.2 Projected Land Uses 3-8 CHAPTER 4 WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION 4.1 Water Use in the Last Five Years 4-4 4.1.1 Direct Municipal and Industrial Use 4-5 4.2 Projected Water Use 4-6 4.2.1 Water Use Projections for 2026-2030 4-6 4.2.2 Water Use Projections for 2030-2050 4-6 4.3 Water Demand Projection Methodology 4-9 4.3.1 Econometric Approach, Data Acquisition, and Model Development 4-9 4.3.2 Forecasted Demands 4-12 4.4 Water Loss 4-13 CHAPTER 5 CONSERVATION TARGET COMPLIANCE 5.1 Reporting Requirements 5-1 CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION 6.1 Water Supply Overview 6-1 6.2 Imported Water 6-5 6.2.1 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California 6-5 6.2.2 Colorado River Aqueduct 6-8 6.2.3 State Water Project 6-11 6.2.4 Storage, Transfers, and Conveyance Programs 6-14 6.2.5 Potential Future Water Projects 6-16 6.2.6 Supply Reliability within MET 6-17 6.3 Local Groundwater 6-22 6.3.1 Orange County Groundwater Basin 6-22 6.3.2 Planned Future Groundwater Sources 6-29 6.4 Surface Water 6-30 6.4.1 Existing Surface Water Sources 6-30 6.4.2 Planned Future Surface Water Sources 6-30 6.5 Stormwater 6-30 6.5.1 Existing Stormwater Sources 6-30 6.5.2 Planned Future Stormwater Sources 6-30 6.6 Wastewater and Recycled Water 6-31 6.6.1 Agency Coordination 6-31 6.6.2 Wastewater 6-33 6.6.3 Current Recycled Water Uses 6-33 6.6.4 Projected Recycled Water Uses 6-34 6.6.5 Potential Recycled Water Uses 6-35 6.6.6 Optimization Plan 6-35 CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 6.7 Desalination Opportunities 6-36 6.7.1 Ocean Water Desalination 6-36 6.7.2 Groundwater Desalination 6-36 6.8 Water Exchanges and Transfers 6-36 6.8.1 Existing Exchanges and Transfers 6-36 6.8.2 Planned and Potential Exchanges and Transfers 6-37 6.9 Future Water Projects 6-37 6.10 Energy Intensity 6-38 6.10.1 Water Supply Energy Intensity 6-38 6.10.2 Wastewater and Recycled Water Energy Intensity 6-40 6.10.3 Key Findings and Next Steps 6-42 CHAPTER 7 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT 7.1 Water Service Reliability Overview 7-1 7.2 Factors Affecting Water Supply Reliability 7-2 7.2.1 Climate Change and the Environment 7-2 7.2.2 Regulatory and Legal 7-4 7.2.3 Water Quality 7-4 7.2.4 Locally Applicable Criteria 7-7 7.3 Water Service Reliability Assessment 7-8 7.3.1 Normal Year Reliability 7-8 7.3.2 Single Dry Year Reliability 7-9 7.3.3 Multiple Dry Years Reliability 7-10 7.4 Management Tools and Options 7-11 7.5 Drought Risk Assessment 7-12 7.5.1 Methodology 7-13 7.5.2 Total Water Supply and Use Comparison 7-14 7.5.3 Water Source Reliability 7-15 CHAPTER 8 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLANNING 8.1 Background 8-1 8.2 Overview of the Water Shortage Contingency Plan 8-1 8.3 Summary of Water Shortage Response Strategy and Required DWR Tables 8-2 CHAPTER 9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES 9.1 City of Santa Ana Demand Management Measures 9-2 9.1.1 Operations Practices 9-3 9.1.2 Public Outreach and Education 9-6 9.1.3 Residential Indoor Rebate Programs 9-12 9.1.4 CII Programs 9-13 9.1.5 Landscape Programs 9-14 9.2 City of Santa Ana DMM Implementation (2020-2025) 9-15 CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 9.3 MWDOC Demand Management Implementation Assistance Programs 9-16 9.3.1 State Water Conservation Compliance Assistance 9-16 9.3.2 Regional Rebate Programs and Local Program Assistance 9-17 9.3.3 Research and Evaluation 9-17 9.4 Urban Water Use Objective and CII Performance Measure Compliance 9-18 9.4.1 UWUO Components 9-18 9.4.2 CII Performance Measures 9-20 CHAPTER 10 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION 10.1 Overview 10-1 10.2 Agency Coordination 10-2 10.3 Public Participation 10-3 10.4 UWMP Submittal 10-3 10.5 Amending the Adopted UWMP or WSCP 10-3 CHAPTER 11 REFERENCES Appendices APPENDIX A UWMP WATER CODE CHECKLIST APPENDIX B DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES (DWR) STANDARDIZED TABLES APPENDIX C REDUCED DELTA RELIANCE APPENDIX D AWWA WATER LOSS AUDITS APPENDIX E 2022 BASIN 8-1 ALTERNATIVE UPDATE APPENDIX F WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN APPENDIX G WATER USE EFFICIENCY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT APPENDIX H 2O25 ORANGE COUNTY WATER DEMAND MODEL TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM APPENDIX I NOTIFICATION OF PUBLIC AND SERVICE AREA PROVIDERS APPENDIX J ADOPTED UWMP RESOLUTIONS Tables Table 2.1 Submittal Table 2-1: Public Water Systems 2-2 Table 2.2 Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification 2-3 Table 2.3 Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification 2-3 Table 2.4 Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange 2-6 Table 3.1 Submittal 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected 3-6 Table 3.2 City of Santa Ana Service Area Dwelling Units by Type 3-6 Table 3.3 Buildout Potential of the City of Santa Ana 3-10 Table 4.1 Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water— Actual 4-4 Table 4.2 City of Santa Ana's Service Area Total Potable and Non-Potable Demand for 2026-2030 4-6 CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 4.3 Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water- Projected 4-7 Table 4.4 Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections 4-8 Table 4.5 Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections 4-8 Table 4.6 Summary of Demand Sectors 4-10 Table 4.7 Summary of Historical Data Collected for Model Development 4-11 Table 4.8 Future Model Parameters 4-13 Table 4.9 Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting 4-14 Table 4.10 Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard 4-15 Table 5.1 Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress 5-2 Table 6.1 Water Supplies - 2025 Actual 6-2 Table 6.2 Water Supplies - Projected 6-4 Table 6.3 MET SWP Program Capabilities 6-12 Table 6.4 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Normal Year 6-18 Table 6.5 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Single Dry Year 6-19 Table 6.6 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Drought (Five Consecutive Water Years) 6-20 Table 6.7 MET's Water Use, Supply, and Drought Risk Assessment for 2026-2030 6-21 Table 6.8 Groundwater Pumped in the Past Five Years within the City's Service Area 6-22 Table 6.9 Management Actions Based on Changes in Groundwater Storage 6-26 Table 6.10 Wastewater Collected within the City's Service Area in 2025 6-33 Table 6.11 Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area 6-34 Table 6.12 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual 6-35 Table 6.13 Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs 6-38 Table 6.14 Energy Intensity-Water Supply Process Approach 6-39 Table 6.15 Energy Intensity-Wastewater and Recycled Water 6-41 Table 7.1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) 7-2 Table 7.2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison 7-8 Table 7.3 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison-Potable 7-9 Table 7.4 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison-Non-Potable 7-9 Table 7.5 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison 7-10 Table 7.6 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison 7-11 Table 7.7 Retail: Five-Year Drought Assessment 7-15 Table 8.1 Cross-Reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels 8-4 Table 8.2 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions 8-4 Table 8.3 Demand Reduction Actions 8-5 Table 9.1 DMM Implementation Responsibility and Regional Programs in Orange County 9-2 Table 9.2 City of Santa Ana Water Use Efficiency Program Participation 9-15 Table 9.3 MWDOC Programs to Help OC Retail Agencies Meet their Urban Water Use Objectives 9-19 Table 9.4 City of Santa Ana CII BMP and Water Efficiency Programs and Incentives 9-20 CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 10.1 External Coordination and Outreach 10-1 Table 10.2 Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties 10-2 Figures Figure 3.1 Regional Location of City of Santa Ana 3-2 Figure 3.2 City of Santa Ana Water Service Area and Water Facilities 3-4 Figure 3.3 Special Planning Areas of the City of Santa Ana 3-9 Figure 4.1 Historical Water Use and Population in Orange County 4-2 Figure 4.2 Projected Water Use Across All Orange County Water Agencies 4-3 Figure 4.3 Econometric Demand Forecast Development Process 4-12 Figure 6.1 City's Projected Water Supply 6-3 Figure 6.2 Major Aqueducts that Supply Imported Water to Southern California (MET, 2025) 6-6 Figure 6.3 MET Feeders and Transmission Mains that Serve Orange County 6-7 Figure 6.4 Map of the OC Basin (OCWD, 2022) 6-24 Figure 6.5 MWDOC Imported Water Sales for Groundwater Replenishment 6-29 Figure 8.1 Purpose and Relationships of the UWMP, WSCP, and Water Shortage Response Ordinance 8-2 Figure 9.1 Tenth Annual Youth Water Poster Contest Flyer 9-9 Figure 9.2 Bilingual Water Quality Flyer 9-10 Figure 9.3 City of Santa Ana Community Event 9-11 Figure 9.4 Santa Ana's Hydration Station in the Community 9-11 Figure 9.5 Santa Ana's Tet Lunar New Year Festival 9-12 Figure 9.6 Santa Ana Fiestas Patrias Event 9-12 CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Abbreviations AB Assembly Bill ACS American Community Survey Act UWMP Act of 1983 ADU accessory dwelling unit AF acre-feet AFY acre-feet per year AMI Automated Meter Infrastructure AVEK Antelope Valley-East Kern AWWA American Water Works Association BBP Basin Production Percentage BEA Basin Equity Assessment BiOps Biological Opinions BMP best management practice BSA Boy Scouts of America CaIWEP California Water Efficiency Partner CAMP4W Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water CCF centum cubic feet CDR Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton CEE Consortium for Energy Efficiency cfs cubic feet per second CII commercial, industrial,and institutional City City of Santa Ana Conservation Framework Making California a Conservation Way of Life"Framework CPTP Coastal Pumping Transfer Program CRA Colorado River Aqueduct CUWCC California Urban Water Conservation Council CVP Central Valley Project CWC California Water Code CY calendar year DCP Drought Contingency Plan DDW Division of Drinking Water Delta Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta DIM dedicated irrigation meter DMM Demand Management Measures DOF State Department of Finance DRA Drought Risk Assessment DVL Diamond Valley Lake CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO DWR California Department of Water Resources EIR Environmental Impact Report EO Executive Order EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESA Endangered Species Act FIRO Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations FY fiscal year GAP Green Acres Project GDP gross domestic product GHG greenhouse gas GIS geographic information system gpcd gallons per capita per day gpm gallons per minute GRP Groundwater Resilience/Reliability Plan GSA Groundwater Sustainability Agency GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plan GWRS Groundwater Replenishment System HCF hundred cubic feet HDI hot-dry index HECW High Efficiency Clothes Washer HET High Efficiency Toilet HRL Healthy Rivers and Landscapes ICS intentionally created surplus IPR indirect potable reuse IRP Integrated Water Resources Plan IRWD Irvine Ranch Water District JADU junior accessory dwelling unit kWh kilowatt-hours LAM landscape area measurement LODES Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin Destination Employment Statistics LRP Local Resources Program LVL Leo J.Vander Lans Advanced Water Treatment Facility M&I municipal and industrial MAF million acre-feet MCL maximum contaminant level MET Metropolitan Water District of Southern California MG million gallons mg/L milligrams per liter mgd million gallons per day CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO MUM mixed-use CII meter MWDOC Municipal Water District of Orange County ND non-detect ng/L nanograms per liter NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System OC Orange County OC Basin Orange County(Groundwater) Basin OC San Orange County Sanitation District OCWD Orange County Water District PFAS per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonate ppt parts per trillion PRISM parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes model PWA Public Works Agency QSA Quantification Settlement Agreement QWEL Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper R&I retail and municipal RA Replenishment Assessment RHNA Regional Housing Needs Assessment SARCCUP Santa Ana River Conservation and Conjunctive Use Program SAUSD Santa Ana Unified School District SB Senate Bill SBVMWD San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District SCAB South Coast Air Basin SCAG Southern California Association of Governments SDCWA San Diego County Water Authority SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act SNWA Southern Nevada Water Authority STEAM science,technology, engineering,arts and mathematics STEM science,technology, engineering,and mathematics SWP State Water Project SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board TAF thousand acre-feet TAP Conservation Framework Technical Assistance Program TDS total dissolved solids TM technical memorandum US United States USACE US Army Corps of Engineers CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation USGS United States Geological Survey UWMP Urban Water Management Plan UWMP Act UWMP Act of 1983 UWUO Urban Water Use Objective Water Code California Water Code WEEA Water Energy Education Alliance WRD Water Replenishment District of Southern California WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan WSIP Water Savings Incentive Program WUE Water Use Efficiency CITY OF SANTA ANA x 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction and UWMP Overview The City of Santa Ana (City) prepared this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to submit to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to satisfy the UWMP Act of 1983 (UWMP Act or Act) and subsequent California Water Code (Water Code) requirements. UWMPs are comprehensive documents that present an evaluation of a water supplier's reliability over a long-term horizon (20- to 25-year).This 2025 UWMP provides an assessment of the present and future water supply sources and demands within the City's service area. It presents an update to the 2020 UWMP on the City's water resource needs,water use efficiency programs,water reliability assessment, and strategies to mitigate water shortage conditions. It also presents the City's updated 202S Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages.This 2025 UWMP contains all elements required by the UWMP Act. UWMP Preparation The City coordinated the preparation of this 2025 UWMP with other key entities, including the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), the regional wholesaler for Southern California and the direct supplier of imported water to the City, the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), the regional wholesaler of imported water for Orange County, and the Orange County Water District (OCWD), Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin) manager and provider of recycled water in north Orange County.The City also coordinated with other entities,which provided valuable, regionally consistent data for the analyses prepared in this UWMP, such as population projections from the Center for Demographic Research (CDR) at California State University, Fullerton, and the Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM). System Description Governed by a non-partisan seven-member City Council, the City of Santa Ana is one of the oldest cities in Orange County, incorporated in 1886, and became an original member agency of MET on February 27, 1931. The Public Works Agency(PWA) Water Resources Division oversees and maintains the daily operations of the City's water system. The City's water service area covers 27.5 square miles and includes the City of Santa Ana and small neighborhoods in the City of Orange and Garden Grove. The water system is comprised of approximately 480 miles of water main, 21 groundwater wells, 7 pump stations, 10 reservoirs with a storage capacity of 49 million gallons,4 pressure regulating stations, and 7 connection points to the MET conveyance system.The system has an average demand of 30 million gallons per day(mgd) from its roughly 45,810 metered service connections. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Water Use Characterization Water Use in the Last Five Years Total water use within the City's service area has fluctuated in the past five years (fiscal years [FYI 2021-25),with an annual average total water use of approximately 32,420 acre-feet (AF). Demand trends have remained flat due to water-use efficiency efforts and increased precipitation in recent wet years. FY 2020-21 through FY 2021-22 saw the highest water uses over the last five years due to region-wide drought conditions. FY 2022-23 proved to be one of the wettest years on record in the state, and the City saw a general decrease in water demand following this wet year, as precipitation offsets landscape irrigation demands.These year-to-year fluctuations in precipitation will continue to influence the City's annual demands. In general, the City saw a decrease in demand of approximately 3 percent over the 5-year reporting period. Projected Water Use The water use projection for this UWMP is based on the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM). This demand projection represents the City's total water demand and considers factors such as weather, water price, regional economic conditions, and housing density through a regression, or econometric, model. Over the next 25 years, the City's total water demands are projected to decrease by about 2.3 percent from 32,935 AF in 2025 to approximately 32,167 AF by 2050.The OC Basin is expected to continue meeting a notable share of total water demand between 2025 and 2050, with a basin production percentage (BPP) of 85 percent forecasted through 2050. Conservation Target Compliance The City participated in the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance along with all other Orange County water agencies.The alliance was created by MWDOC in collaboration with all its retail member agencies as well as the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, to assist Orange County retail agencies in complying with the requirements of the Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as SB X7-7 (Senate Bill 7 as part of the Seventh Extraordinary Session). Signed into law on February 3, 2010, it required the State of California to reduce urban water use by 20 percent by 2020. Retail water suppliers are required to comply with SB X7-7 individually or as a region in collaboration with other retail water suppliers, to be eligible for water-related state grants and loans. Orange County, as a region, achieved its 2020 target water use of 159 gallons per capita per day (GPCD) prior to 2020, indicative of the collective efforts in reducing water use in the region. All Orange County water retailers, achieved individual compliance prior to 2020. By 2020, the City achieved a per capita per day water use of 66 GPCD (compared to its 116 GPCD target) and continues to implement water use efficiency measures. Water Supply Characterization The City's main source of water supply is groundwater from the OC Basin. Imported water makes up the rest of the City's water supply portfolio. In FY 2024-25, the City's potable supply consisted of approximately 88 percent groundwater and 12 percent imported water. Recycled water also makes up a CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO small portion (<1 percent) of the City's supply.This supply portfolio is projected to remain stable for the next 25 years with a BPP of 85 percent forecasted through 2050. Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment Every urban water supplier is required to assess the reliability of their water service to its customers under a normal year, a single dry year, and multiple dry years. The water service reliability assessment compares projected supply to projected demand for three long-term hydrological conditions. Fullerton's water sources are local groundwater from the OC Basin and imported water purchased from MET,which imports water from the Colorado River through its Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) and from Northern California through the California Aqueduct, managed by the State Water Project (SWP). Fullerton is one of MET's 26 member agencies. The OC Basin manager, OCWD, has developed programs and projects to improve groundwater recharge and augment groundwater through recycled water, conjunctive use, and water transfers. OCWD assesses groundwater conditions and sets its BPP, which determines how much water will be pumped from the basin year, and the Basin Equity Assessment (BEA),which is a surcharge for exceeding the BPP.The BPP is set at 85 percent and is forecasted to remain so through 2050. MET, the regional wholesaler of imported water, has also invested in numerous programs and projects to augment its direct deliveries of imported water, such as water transfers, groundwater banking, and use of its reservoir storage. MET's 2025 UWMP demonstrates that MET will be able to meet its projected water demands for the next 25 years under normal, dry, and five consecutive dry year conditions. Overall, the City's service area is projected to meet full-service demands from 2026 through 2050 under normal years, single dry year, and five consecutive dry year conditions. Water Shortage Contingency Planning The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) is a standalone document adopted by the City serving as the guidance document used to prepare for and respond to water shortages and service disruptions of the City's water supplies through proactive mitigation measures. A water shortage,when water supply available is insufficient to meet the normally expected customer water use at a given point in time, may occur due to a number of reasons, such as water supply quality changes, climate change, drought, and catastrophic events (e.g., earthquake). The City's WSCP provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions.This level of detailed planning and preparation will help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions. The WSCP contains the processes and procedures that will be deployed when shortage conditions arise so that the City's governing body and its staff can easily identify and efficiently implement pre-determined steps to mitigate a water shortage to the level appropriate to the degree of water shortfall anticipated. Demand Management Measures The City has demonstrated its commitment to water use efficiency through multi-faceted and holistic water use efficiency programs. The City's water use efficiency implementation can be described broadly under five categories: Operations Practices (e.g., conservation pricing, water waste prevention,water loss control, and metering with commodity rates), Education and Outreach (e.g., public outreach programs, CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO K-12 school programs,Water Awareness Poster Contest, Qualified Water Efficiency Landscaper Training Program), Residential Indoor Program (e.g., various rebates), Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Program (e.g., rebates, Water Savings Incentive Program, On-site Retrofit Program), and Landscape Programs (e.g., turf replacement, spray-to-drip irrigation rebate, residential landscape design assistance). Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation The Water Code requires both the UWMP and the WSCP to be adopted by the Supplier's governing body. Before the adoption of the UWMP,the City notified the public and the cities and counties within its service area that MWDOC was in the process of preparing an UWMP and WSCP per the Water Code.The City circulated the final draft of the UWMP and WSCP to facilitate public review and held a public hearing to receive input from the public on the UWMP and WSCP. Upon completion of the public hearing, the City moved to adopt both the UWMP and WSCP. Post adoption,the City submitted the UWMP to DWR and other key agencies and made the document available for public review within 30 days after filing with DWR. The UWMP serves as a legal and technical water management foundation for the City and can be referenced as needed, until its next required update cycle in 2030. With approval from DWR, the City shall implement this plan into its public resources, providing City staff, the public, and elected officials with an understanding of past, current, and future water conditions and management. Furthermore, the WSCP serves as a strategic planning document designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages and service disruptions of the City's water supplies. CITY OF SANTA ANA ES-4 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND UWMP OVERVIEW The City of Santa Ana (City) prepared this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to submit to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to satisfy the UWMP Act of 1983 (UWMP Act or Act) and subsequent California Water Code (Water Code) requirements. The City is a retail water supplier that provides water to its residents and other customers using the imported potable water supply obtained from its regional wholesaler, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), local groundwater from the Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin), which is managed by the Orange County Water District (OCWD), and recycled water from OCWD. As one of MET's 26 member agencies, the City has prepared this 2025 UWMP in collaboration with MET in addition to OCWD, Municipal Water District of Orange County(MWDOC), and other key agencies. UWMPs are comprehensive documents that present an evaluation of a water supplier's reliability over a long-term (20- to 25-year) horizon. In response to the changing climatic conditions and regulatory updates since the 2020 UWMP, the City has been proactively managing its water supplies and demands. The water loss audit program, water conservation measures, public outreach and education on water use efficiency and efforts for increased self-reliance to reduce dependency on imported water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) are some of the water management actions that the City has taken to maintain the reliability of water supply for its service area. In addition, the City has been proactive in managing local water supplies through the drilling of a new well, rehabilitation of existing wells, and addition of treatment systems since 2020. Lastly, the City has been maintaining the City's water system through the rehabilitation of pump stations, reservoirs, and other miscellaneous projects. This UWMP provides an assessment of the present and future water supply sources and demands within the City's service area. It presents an update to the 2020 UWMP on the City's water resource needs,water use efficiency programs, water reliability assessment, and strategies to mitigate water shortage conditions. It also includes the City's updated 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages. This 2025 UWMP contains all elements required by of the Act. 1.1 Overview of UWMP Requirements The UWMP Act enacted by California legislature requires every urban water supplier(Supplier) providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually to prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the California DWR every five years. For this 2025 UWMP cycle, DWR continues to place emphasis on achieving improvements for long term reliability and resilience to drought and climate change in California. Despite there being no new statutory requirements, Suppliers must now report progress on meeting their 2028 Water Loss Standards and continue to state their compliance with Senate Bill (SB) X7-7 2020 Targets. Additional guidance on stored water accounting and recommendations on identifying the need for future or proposed water supply projects are provided by DWR as well. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 1®2 UWMP Organization This UWMP is organized into 10 chapters aligned with the DWR Guidebook recommendations.The sections within each chapter are customized to include the City's water supply reliability and future projections as well as plans to overcome any water shortages over a planning horizon for the next 25 years.The chapters for this UWMP are listed below: Chapter 1 Introduction and UWMP Overview gives an overview of the UWMP fundamentals and requirements for the 2025 UWMP. Chapter 2 UWMP Preparation identifies this UWMP as an individual planning effort of the City, lists the type of year and units of measure used and introduces the coordination and outreach activities conducted by the City to develop this UWMP. Chapter 3 System Description gives a background on the City's water system and its climate characteristics, population projections, demographics, socioeconomics, and predominant current and projected land uses of its service area. Chapter 4 Water Use Characterization provides historical, current, and projected water use by customer category for the next 25 years for the City and the projection methodology used by the City to develop the 25-year projections. Chapter 5 Conservation Target Compliance restates that the City's 2020 per capita water use in gallons per capita per day(gpcd) met the compliance target defined by SB X7-7. Chapter 6 Water Supply Characterization describes the current water supply portfolio of the City as well as the planned and potential water supply projects and water exchange and transfer opportunities. Chapter 7 Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment describes the assessment of the reliability of the City's water supply service to its customers for a normal year, single dry year and five consecutive dry years scenarios. This section also includes a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) of all the supply sources for a consecutive five-year drought period beginning 2026. Chapter 8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning is a brief summary of the standalone WSCP document which provides a structured guide for the City to deal with water shortages, incorporating prescriptive information and standardized action levels, lists the appropriate actions and water use efficiency measures to be taken to ensure water supply reliability in times of water shortage conditions, along with implementation actions in the event of a catastrophic supply interruption. Chapter 9 Demand Management Measures provides a description of the City's current and planned measures and programs to help the retail customers in its service area be water efficient and comply with the City's urban water use reduction targets. Chapter 10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation provides a record of the process the City followed to adopt and implement its UWMP. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER 2 UWMP PREPARATION City of Santa Ana's (City) 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is prepared to meet the California Water Code (Water Code) compliance as a retail water supplier to its customers.The development of this UWMP involved close coordination with its wholesale supplier, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), and other key entities within the region such as the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC)and Orange County Water District (OCWD). 2.1 Individual Planning and Compliance As described in Chapter 1, every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually must prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years to meet the compliance requirements of the UWMP Act.As shown in Table 2.1, the City of Santa Ana meets this criteria, as it has 45,810 municipal connections and supplied 32,935 AF in Fiscal Year 2025. Table 2.1 Submittal Table 2-1: Public Water Systems Submittal Table 2-1 Retail: Public Water Systems AW Public Water System Public Water System Number of Municipal Volume of Number Name Connections 2025 Water Supplied 2025(AF) Add additional rows as needed CA3010038 City of Santa Ana 45,810 32,935 Total 45,810 32,935 DWR NOTES: Units of measure(AF,CCF, MG)must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Table 2-3. NOTES: CCF—centum cubic feet; MG—million gallons The City opted to prepare its own UWMP (Table 2.2) and comply with the Water Code individually, while closely coordinating with MET, MWDOC, and various key entities as discussed in Chapter 2.2 to streamline regional integration.The UWMP Checklist was completed to confirm the compliance of this UWMP with the Water Code (Appendix A). All DWR standardized tables are provided in Appendix B.The City has selected to report demands and supplies using fiscal year as the basis (Table 2.3). CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 2.2 Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification Select Name of Regional Alliance or RUWMP One or Type of Plan Both (Drop Down List) ❑ Individual UWMP If Water Supplier is also a member of a SB X7-7 Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance Regional Alliance,select name from the drop-down. ❑ Regional Urban Water Management Plan RUWMP If Supplier selected RUWMP,select name from the drop-down. Table 2.3 Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification SupplierSubmittal Table 2-3: Type of Supplier(select one or both) ❑ Supplier is a wholesale supplier ❑ Supplier is a retail supplier Fiscal or •. • ❑ UWMP Tables are in calendar years ❑ UWMP Tables are in fiscal years If using fiscal years provide month and date that the fiscal year begins(mm/dd) 711 • • I ••Amp Unit AF DWR NOTES: Units of measure(AF,CCF, MG)must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. 2.2 Coordination and Outreach 2.2.1 Integration With Other Planning Efforts The City, as a retail water supplier, coordinated this UWMP preparation effort with other key entities, including MET, regional wholesaler for Southern California and the direct supplier of imported water to the City and MWDOC; MWDOC, regional wholesale supplier for most of Orange County; and the Orange County Water District (OCWD) as the manager of the Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin). While the City is not a member agency of MWDOC, the City developed this Plan in conjunction with other regionally consistent efforts such as population projections from the Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton (CDR), and the Orange County Water Deland Projection Model Technical Memorandum. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Key planning and reporting documents that were used to develop this UWMP are listed below: ■ MET's 2025 UWMP uses assumptions that fall within the plausible futures contemplated in MET's Integrated Water Resources Plan to evaluate MET's future imported water supply reliability. ■ MET's 2020 Integrated Water Resources Plan (IRP) Regional Needs Assessment is a long-term, scenario-based planning document that guides Metropolitan's programs and investments to ensure reliable water supplies in Southern California and provides a basis for water supply reliability in Orange County. ■ MET's Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water (CAMP4W) is an ongoing planning and decision-making tool that accounts for the complexities and uncertainties of climate change. Part of the second phase of MET's long-term IRP planning process, CAMP4W incorporates the results and findings of MET's 2020 IRP Regional Needs Assessment into a collaborative process to identify and evaluate integrated regional solutions. ■ MET's 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) provides a water supply availability assessment and guide for MET's intended actions during water shortage conditions. ■ MWDOC's 2025 WSCP provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions that will help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions. ■ MWDOC's 2023 Orange County Water Reliability Study is a planning document to help guide planning for future water supply reliability for water providers in Orange County and provide input on regional water supply issues for MET. ■ 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum is a collaborative effort amongst MWDOC, OCWD, and all retail water suppliers in Orange County that developed water demand projections to produce regionally consistent forecasts across all Orange County water agencies. ■ OCWD's 2025 Groundwater Resilience Plan (GRP) was completed in February 2025. The GRP is an adaptive strategies management plan outlining strategic projects to secure reliable future water supplies in the OC Basin. ■ OCWD's 2023-24 Engineer's Report provides information on the groundwater conditions,water supply, and basin utilization of the OC Basin. ■ 2022 Basin 8-1 Alternative is an alternative to the Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) for the OC Basin, provides significant information related to sustainable management of the basin in the past and hydrogeology of the basin, including groundwater quality and basin characteristics, and addresses DWR's recommendations to ensure long-term basin sustainability. ■ Santa Ana Hazard Mitigation Plan (2022) provides the basis for the seismic and other natural and natural disaster risk analysis of the water system facilities. ■ Santa Ana Capital Improvement Program of the City's service area provides information on water infrastructure planning projects and plans to address any required water system improvements. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 2.2.1.1 Statewide Water Planning In addition to regional coordination with the various agencies described above, the City as a retail agency receiving wholesale imported water direction from MET, is currently a part of MET's statewide planning effort to reduce reliance on the water imported from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta). It is the policy of the State of California to reduce reliance on the Delta in meeting California's future water supply needs through a statewide strategy of investing in improved regional supplies, conservation, technology innovation, partner collaborations, and water use efficiency measures.This policy is codified through the Delta Stewardship Council's Delta Plan Policy WR P1 (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 23, §5003) requires state and local water suppliers to reduce reliance on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta by improving regional water self-reliance. It mandates that water exported from, transferred through, or used in the Delta must demonstrate efforts in water conservation, recycling, and supply diversification. Progress towards achieving the goal of WR P1 is measured through Supplier reporting in each Urban Water Management Planning cycle.WR P1 is relevant to water suppliers that plan to participate in multi-year water transfers, conveyance facilities, or new diversions in the Delta.Additionally,with the recent amendments to the Bay Delta Plan, tributary flow objectives to the Delta are being updated to account for quality and habitat improvements for local environmental resources. This results in reduced reliance on Delta water supplies. Since 2022, the Bay-Delta Plan Amendment update has been in development. This effort considers additional tributaries from the southern San Joaquin Valley, triggering a re-evaluation of Delta flow requirements and conservation objectives, which ultimately may impact available supply to the State Water Project (SWP). Through significant local investment, collaboration at both a local and regional scale and integration with MET's water use efficiency strategies and conservation programs,the City has demonstrated a reduction in Delta reliance. For member agencies that receive imported water from MET,these agencies have passively demonstrated a reduction in Delta reliance and a subsequent improvement in regional self-reliance by participating in MET-led regional strategies.A detailed description and documentation of the City's consistency with Delta Plan Policy WR P1 is included in Chapter 7.4 and Appendix C. 2.2.2 VUhoiesale arw mei.ci i (_uuruiria`Lion The City developed its UWMP in conjunction with MET's 2025 UWMP. As a retail member agency of MET, the City provided its historical water use and water use projections data to MET (Table 2.4).As a water supplier in Orange County,the City also collaborated with other Orange County water agencies on the 2025 Orange County water demand projection efforts led by MWDOC and OCWD. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 2.4 Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange SupplierSubmittal Table 2-4 Retail:Water Water Code Section 06 The retail Supplier has informed the following wholesale supplier(s)of projected water use. Wholesale pp Add additional rows as needed Metropolitan Water District of Southern California NOTES: "ublic Participation For further coordination with other key agencies, and to encourage public participation in the review and update of this Plan, the City held a public hearing and notified key entities and the public per the Water Code requirements. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2-6 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Governed by a non-partisan seven-member City Council, the City of Santa Ana (City) is one of the oldest cities in Orange County, incorporated in 1886 and became an original member agency of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET) on February 27, 1931. The Public Works Agency(PWA) Water Resources Division oversees and maintains the daily operations of the City's water system. The City's water service area covers 27.5 square miles and includes the City of Santa Ana and small neighborhoods in the City of Orange and Garden Grove. The water system is comprised of approximately 480 miles of water main, 21 groundwater wells, seven pump stations, 10 reservoirs with a storage capacity of 49 million gallons, four pressure regulating stations, and seven connection points to the MET. The system has an average demand of 30 million gallons per day (mgd) from its roughly 45,810 metered service connections. The City's climate is characterized by southern California's "Mediterranean" climate with mild winters, warm summers, and moderate rainfall. In terms of land use, the City is a predominantly single- and multi-family residential community. Moving forward, the City will continue planning for its Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) allocation, and future planned developments beyond 2025 will primarily be multiuse projects, in the 'focus areas' listed in the General Plan of the City. The current population (2025) of 315,271 is projected to decrease by 1.5 percent over the next 25 years to 310,477. This equates to an annual decline rate of 0.06 percent. 3.1 Agency Overview This section provides information on the formation and history of the City, its organizational structure, and relationship to MET. .14 Formation and Purpose The City is one of the oldest cities in Orange County incorporated in 1886.The City was, for many years, a ranching community with some farming. To serve this growing agricultural and domestic community, a municipal water system was formed in 1886. The original source of water supply for the City was from shallow irrigation wells.As the City continued to grow and change from agriculture to an urban community,the need for additional sources of water was recognized if economic development were to continue. To tap into water sources from outside the area, the City joined with 12 other Southern California cities to form and be an original member agency of the MET on February 27, 1931. MET, as a regional wholesaler, supplies imported water to Southern California from the Colorado River and from the Bay-Delta in Northern California. MET's primary purpose is to develop, store and distribute water at wholesale rates to its member public agencies for domestic and municipal uses.The City's location is shown on Figure 3.1. In 1933,the Orange County Water District (OCWD) was formed by a special act of the State Legislature to manage Orange County's groundwater supply and protection of the County's rights to water in the Santa Ana River. In 1953, the City became a member of OCWD. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO San Los Angeles Bernardino La HWa� Brea L r`t Yorba LM Fullerton GW,Water D.WKt State Waver-N Buena Pa k Anahe+m x Riverside p` W.W Dac,Kt State water-w Orange EOCWD Garden G— S ate .(fb water t Westminster Seal BeuOi Tustn Santa Ana � u Fountain Valley Traww COW _waw D.tr Mesa Water D," -.nunc VM Beach Newport BPd(h , El Tm 1Y.IM 115b1(t sar"Margants M.0 ton Nlgud Water D bt t Emerald Water District Service Distract 0 (.good Beam Water D ma So h Coast Water owmt San ClemeKt San Diego Direct Metropolitan Member Agencies MWDOC Retail Agencies Orange County Water District 0 3 5 10 Miles Freeways and Tollways I l l I l l l I Figure 3.1 Regional Location of City of Santa Ana CITY OF SANTA ANA 3-2 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 3.1.2 City Council The City is governed by a non-partisan seven-member City Council, elected to serve staggered four-year terms, except for the Mayor, who serves a two-year term. The City Council appoints the City Manager and various members of commissions, committees, and citizen advisory groups, all of which may weigh in on water management issues and decisions for the City.The current Council members are: ■ Valerie Amezcua, Mayor. ■ David Penaloza, Mayor Pro Tern Ward 2. ■ Thai Viet Phan, Councilmember. Ward 1. ■ Jessie Lopez, Councilmember. Ward 3. ■ Phil Bacerra, Councilmember.Ward 4. ■ Johnathan Ryan Hernandez, Councilmember.Ward S. ■ Benjamin Vazquez, Councilmember.Ward 6. .1.3 Relationship to MET To allow delivery of water sources from outside the area, the Cityjoined with 12 other Southern California cities to form and be an original member agency of the MET on February 27, 1931. MET is a consortium of 26 cities and water agencies that provides supplemental water supplies to parts of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura Counties. MET's two main sources of supply are the Colorado River and the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Supplies from these sources are delivered to southern California via the Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) and the State Water Project (SWP), respectively.The City purchases imported water from these sources from MET and provides retail water services to the public. 3®2 Water Service Area and Facilities 32.1 Water Se-®f;rp A,pn, The City is in the heart of Orange County and is the eleventh largest City in California. The City's Water Utility provides water service within a 27.5 square mile service area.The service area includes the City of Santa Ana and small neighborhoods in the City of Orange and Garden Grove.A map of the City's water service area is shown in Figure 3.2. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Water System Facilities (REFERENCE ONLY) Cre,ke r eartne O Squ�9el Young Squa Camlxiaye vewGnl��♦� U u ♦ Park Santiago E Santa Cla d—I na Park Rive we(..s.�J Santa Ana Porto a Park ♦ Tnan le Tsnk a We1135 W�ifh St � Ekwatetl 3 E 17[h St Washington Qch Corrand 5unr } Square Logan Park w 7H,d = Artesia Pllar French Park ♦ . Eli] Wclut ant,Anita Santa Ana Saddlebac= weu xt weuxs = viewer wet Well xo W 1st SI W V E lit 5i aeurvar �♦ Casa Bonita Wdl v Well 11 W.Inut w,u to Windsor Central City rtswdr acific Park Lyon Str t� village North Bella vi wenv na.ne aue nn station ■ Ic Windsor Cornerstone v, village New Horizons Mid-City Wilshire village Square W Edinger Ave w Edinger Ave Madison Park E Etll Shadow Run wen z� r rt rvn Santa Ana • valley Adams Memorial Park Laurelhurst o w w—e,we ■ Delhi Morning `o Sun Rosewood v, 55 w segeirg.oir NLin Station Metro Cl.*ic ry weu�a 5andpolnte Wells Reservoirs MWD Pressure Regulating Lift Stations Connections Vaults Well 16 Well 32 Cambridge Reservoir SA1 PRV-1 Maxine Lift Station Well 18 Well 33 Crooke Reservoir SA2 PRV-2 Segerstrom Lift Station Well 20 Well 34 East Reservoir SA3 PRV-3 Well 21 Well 35 Elevated Tank SA4 PRV-4 Well 24 Well 36 Garthe Reservoir SAS Well 26 Well 37 South Reservoir SAS Well 27 Well 38 Walnut Reservoir SA7 Well 28 Well 39 West Reservoir Well29 Well40 Well30 Well41 Well 31 Figure 3.2 City of Santa Ana Water Service Area and Water Facilities 3.2.2 Water Facilities The City maintains 480 miles of water mains, 10 reservoirs with a combined storage capacity of 49 million gallons (MG), 7 pumping stations, 21 groundwater wells, 4 pressure regulating stations and 7 import water connections. Figure 3.2 shows the location of the City's water system facilities. Fourteen of the City Wells deliver groundwater into the City's surface water reservoirs, while booster stations pump the water into the distribution system. The remaining seven wells pump groundwater directly into the City's distribution system. Groundwater pumped from all the wells has been naturally filtered as it passes through underlying aquifers of sand, gravel, and soil.This groundwater historically only required CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO disinfectant treatment for system distribution. In response to regulatory requirements and regional groundwater conditions,the City, in collaboration with Orange County Water District (OCWD) has implemented treatment for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) treatment systems. The City maintains seven imported water connections to receive water through MET's Orange County and East Orange County Feeder pipelines. These seven metered connections have a total capacity of 60,580 gallons per minute (gpm) that can deliver water into the City's distribution system. 3.2.2.1 System Pressures Reducing distribution system pressures will, to a certain degree, conserve water, and pumping energy. The City continually reviews the water system in its pressure zones to determine the feasibility of reducing system pressures by lowering settings on distribution system pressure regulators.The reviews have indicated that potential fire protection requirement deficiencies occur when pressures are reduced. Therefore, the City maintains safe yet efficient system pressures. 3.2.2.2 Peak Demand Water system demand patterns are a result of climatological, land use, behavioral, and institutional factors, all of which affect the amount of water consumed. Lowering peak demands can reduce the need for construction of new water storage and conveyance facilities and, in certain instances, the development of new water sources.The City's computerized telemetry system allows water system operators to operate the system more efficiently through the ability to stage and prioritize water production facilities usage to meet these ever-changing demand patterns. 3.3 Climate The City's service area is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) that encompasses all of Orange County, and the urban areas of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties.The climate in the SCAB area is characterized by southern California's "Mediterranean" climate: a semi-arid environment with mild winters, warm summers, and moderate rainfall. Local rainfall has limited impacts on reducing water demand in the City, except for the case of landscape irrigation demand. For example, in August 2023, Orange County as a region experienced the lowest seasonal water demand since 1990 due to significant summer precipitation events from Tropical Storm Hilary. The increase in precipitation allowed many landscape irrigation systems to be turned off. However, other municipal and industrial uses (e.g. consumption, processing, and washing) remained the same. Water that infiltrates into the soil may enter groundwater supplies depending on the local geography. However, due to the large extent of impervious cover in Southern California, rainfall runoff quickly flows to a system of concrete storm drains and channels that lead directly to the ocean. OCWD has successfully captured stormwater along the Santa Ana River and in recharge basins for years and used it as an additional source of supply for groundwater recharge. Based on the 2022 Basin 8-1 Alternative Plan Update, OCWD captured an average annual stormwater volume of approximately 54,000 acre-feet (AF) over the period of five years, from Water Year 2016-17 to 2020-21. MET's water supplies come from the SWP and the CRA and are influenced by climate conditions in northern California and the Colorado River Basin, respectively. Both regions have variable hydrologic CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO conditions that can significantly affect MET's supplies from year to year. This past decade has seen dramatic swings in annual precipitation, especially in the form of snowpack, which directly affect SWP supply allocations. Similarly, the Colorado River Basin also experienced year-to-year swings in hydrology, and due to the prolonged drought conditions since 2000, storage within the Colorado River system has declined to less than half of its reservoir capacity and has been fluctuating at that level (MET, 2025). 3.4 Population, Demographics, and Socioeconomics 7 41 Service Area Population The City's service area has a 2025 population of 315,271 according to the Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton (CDR). Overall, the population is projected to decrease 1.5 percent by 2050.Table 3.1 shows the population projections in five-year increments out to the year 2050 within the City's service area. Table 3.1 Submittal 3-1 Retail: Population-Current and Projected Submittal Table 3-1 Retail: Population-Current and Projected Water Code Section 06 Population 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050(opt) Served 315,271 315,815 317,365 317,748 315,284 310,477 Notes: Source:Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton,2025. 3.4.2 Demographics and Socioeconomics As shown in Table 3.2, the total number of dwelling units in the City's service area is expected to increase by 9.6 percent in the next 25 years from 83,800 in 2025 to 91,854 in 2050. Table 3.2 City of Santa Ana Service Area Dwelling Units by Type - 2035 1 204004 1 Single-Family 35,295 35,350 1 35,350 _ 35,350 35,350 35,350 All Other0) 48,505 51,517 53,348 r 54,691 55,727 56,504 Total 83,800 86,867 88,698 90,041 91,077 91,854 Notes: Source:Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton,2025. (1) Includes duplex,triplex,apartment,condo,townhouse, mobile home,etc.Yachts, houseboats, recreational vehicles,vans, etc. are included if is primary place of residence. Does not include group quartered units,cars, railroad box cars,etc. In addition to the types and proportions of dwelling units,various socio-economic factors such as age distribution, education levels, general health status, income, and poverty levels affect the City's water management and planning. Based on the United States (US) Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey, the City has about a 12 percent population of 65 years and over, 64 percent between the ages of 18 and 64 years, and 24 percent under the age of 18 years. Of the City's population over 25 years of age, 67.4 percent is at minimum a high school graduate,with 18.7 percent of this age group having at least a bachelor's degree. (include reference) CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 3.4.3 Demographic Projection Methodology CDR is a collaborative research center established in 1996 to provide accurate and timely demographic data on population, housing, and employment in Orange County. CDR serves as Orange County's authoritative source for demographic information.The City obtains its service area population and dwelling unit data from the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC)via CDR. MWDOC contracts with CDR to update the 2010 population estimates through the current year and to provide an annual estimate of population served by each of its retail water suppliers within its service area. CDR uses geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data from the 2000, 2010, and 2020 US Decennial Censuses, State Department of Finance (DOF) population estimates, and the CDR annual population estimates and Housing inventory System (HIS). These annual estimates incorporate annual revisions to the DOF annual population estimates, often for every year back to the most recent Decennial Census.As a result, all previous estimates are set aside and replaced with the most current set of annual estimates.Annexations and boundary changes for water suppliers are incorporated into these annual estimates. Demographic projections used for this UWMP reflect the most recently available set of projections developed by CDR based on its 2022 Orange County Projections. Demographic projections for Orange County are updated every 4 years, with the next set of projections expected in the late fall of 2026.The 2022 Orange County Projections accounted for Draft RHNA rezone sites with jurisdictions including the number of dwelling units that are most likely to occur/get built by the end of 2050 under assumptions and trends existing at the time of the forecasting effort, including a parcel-level inventory of additional housing capacity from sites that were to be rezoned to accommodate the 6th RHNA cycle. In the summer of 2025, projections by water supplier for population and dwelling units by type were estimated using the 2022 Orange County Projections dataset. Growth for each of the five-year increments was allocated using GIS and a review of the traffic analysis zones (TAZ) data with a 2023 aerial photo. The projected population growth was added to the 2025 estimates for each respective water supplier included in the dataset. 3.5 Land Uses G ' (Current Land Uses The City's service area can best be described as a predominantly single- and multi-family residential community located in central Orange County. Based on the zoning designation collected and aggregated by Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) around 2018, the current land use within the City's service area can be categorized as follows: ■ Single-family residential:48 percent. ■ Multi-family residential: 14.1 percent. ■ Commercial: 10.8 percent. ■ Industrial: 7.1 percent. ■ Institutional/Governmental: 10.3 percent. ■ Open space and parks: 8.4 percent. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO ■ Other: 1.1 percent (e.g., Undevelopable or Protected Land, Water, and Vacant). ■ No land use designations: 0.2 percent. s. .e Projectea Lana uses In coordination with the General Plan Advisory Group, the City identified the following five focus areas suitable for new growth and development in the October 2020 Public Hearing Draft General Plan: ■ South Main Street. ■ Grand Avenue/17th Street. ■ West Santa Ana Boulevard. ■ S5 Freeway/Dyer Road. ■ South Bristol Street. These five areas are along major travel corridors, the Orange County Streetcar line, and/or linked to the downtown.The intent is to expand opportunities for development through a transition to multi-use land use designations near transit corridors. Additionally, the City has seven planning areas including specific plans and other special zoning areas, that were adopted before the General Plan and have remaining development capacity: ■ Adaptive Reuse Overlay(2014). ■ Bristol Street Corridor Specific Plan (1991/2018). ■ Harbor Mixed Use Corridor Specific Plan (2014). ■ MainPlace Specific Plan (2019). ■ Metro East Overlay Zone (2007/2018). ■ Midtown Specific Plan (1996). ■ Transit Zoning Code Specific Development (2010). Since the adoption of the General Plan, the City has had two additional specific plans. Both projects are incorporated in the South Bristol Street focus area: ■ Related Bristol. ■ The Village. Figure 3.3 shows the above-listed five focus areas and seven planning areas of the City.Table 3.3 lists the projected number of dwelling units under buildout conditions of the City based on the October 2020 Public Hearing Draft General Plan. As shown, it is projected that the City's number of dwelling units would increase from 78,792 (2025) to 115,053 (build out). This equates to an increase of 46 percent in total number of dwelling units, excluding the projected 2,028 accessory dwelling units (ADU) and the two specific plans. These additional dwelling units, and building footprints anticipated in the City's buildout plan, along with the two specific plan areas are anticipated to increase both population and water demands for the City in the future. However, it should be noted that the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model discussed in Chapter 4 was based on CDR's 2022 Orange County projections.The developments listed CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO above may have been added or modified since.As a result, the future demands associated with these developments may increase the City's water demand beyond what is presented in this UWMP. GARDEN GROVE 0HANGE w +r La vrxa Ave GaFAPry Grove Blvd Falrhd^rrn Arrg s aN� 5d M1td Clara Ava J VA Cev[ Cent l JA— j Th 5 F, M rra3 r 71 ID ddingeF Adc r roUNTAIK VALLEY �. �yb 3 Sla�cF �w� r s�errrTra� Awr T I.I`�T'P; AITPn AYp iaibtet A— 3 m M,�artnur @Ird a 19"F a ..�. I R'J I h E CO TA MESA I s�Are erzr�r sa��a x,�.nroa�k%sikl�:xa=vea Fwj, Areas Adopted and Existing kre05 0 Sauth Main Street 0 Adaptive Reuse Prapct Incentire Area � CF MidfiW SpKilic Plan 0 Grand Auell7th Stiw 40 Ur AO Street Gd achy Speclhe Playa � '�.}' Metro East Milled Use CN&day2ane ID'Nest Santa Ana Bnuledard 4D Harbor Mixed Use Transit Comilor Specific Plan maimplau spetilm Plan ® 0 55 FwyiDM Road Q 7ransi 2uiing Code 0%uth Mod Strlxt Figure 3.3 Special Planning Areas of the City of Santa Ana CITY OF SANTA ANA 3-9 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 3.3 Buildout Potential of the City of Santa Ana (squarePlanning Area Existing Conditions(') Buildout Conditions Dwelling Units Building Area(2) Dwelling Units Building Area(2) (square Specific Plan/Special Zoning 4,685 13,924,891 120,524 16,958,445 Adaptive Reuse Overlay Zone(3) 260 976,935 1,260 976,935 Bristol Street Corridor Specific Plan 136 140,348 135 143,139 Harbor Corridor Specific Plan 1,324 1,767,937 4,622 1,967,982 MainPlace Specific Plan 0 1,108,080 11,900 2,426,923 Metro East Overlay Zone 844 2,516,056 5,551 4,685,947 Midtown Specific Plan 607 1,885,065 607 1,818,253 Transit Zoning Code 1,514 5,530,470 6,449 4,939,266 Focus Areas 6,380 13,421,155 23,955 15,684,285 South Main Street 1,720 1,685,978 2,308 946,662 Grand Avenue/17th Street 561 1,400,741 2,283 703,894 West Santa Ana Boulevard 2,658 3,090,472 3,920 2,808,805 55 Freeway/Dyer Road 1,221 5,666,453 9,952 6,142,283 South Bristol Street 220 1,577,511 5,492 5,082,641 All Other Areas of the City(4) 67,727 39,772,550 70,574 40,325,086 Citywide Total 78,792 67,118,596 115,053 72,967,816 Notes: Source-City of Santa Ana with assistance from PlaceWorks,2020. (1) "Existing"represents conditions as of December 2019 as derived from the City of Santa Ana Planning Information Network and projects already under construction per the January 2020 monthly development project report. (2) Only includes non-residential building square footage. (3) The numbers listed in the row for the Adaptive Reuse Overlay represent parcels that are exclusively located in the Adaptive Reuse Overlay boundary(see Figure 3.3). Numbers for parcels that are within the boundaries of both the Adaptive Reuse Overlay Zone and a specific plan,other special zoning,or focus area boundary are accounted for in the respective specific plan,other special zoning,or focus area. (4) The City has included an assumption for growth on a small portion (5%)of residential parcels through the construction of second units,which are distributed throughout the City and is not concentrated in a subset of neighborhoods.Additional growth includes known projects in the pipeline and an increase of 10%in building square footage and employment for the professional office surrounding the Orange County Global Medical Center and along Broadway north of the Midtown Specific Plan as well as the commercial and retail along 1 st Street south of the West Santa Ana Boulevard focus area. In addition to these developments, the City will continue planning for the RHNA allocation imposed by the state.Additionally, new developments may potentially include ADUs, while it is also anticipated that policy changes will make it easier for homeowners to add ADUs to existing residential properties. The following requirements and changes in laws will impact the City's future land use moving forward: ■ Regional Housing Needs Assessment: State law requires jurisdictions to provide their share of the RHNA allocation. SCAG determines the housing growth needs by income for local jurisdictions through RHNA. The City's RHNA allocation for 2021-2029 is 3,137 dwelling units.This includes 606 units for very low-income households, 362 units for low-income households, 545 units for moderate-income households, and 1,624 units for above moderate-income households.The City's CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 2021-2029 Housing Element provides an eight-year strategy to ensure the availability of adequate residential sites to accommodate these units. ■ Accessory Dwelling Units:ADUs are separate small dwellings embedded within residential properties.There has been an increase in the construction of ADUs in California in response to the rise in interest in providing affordable housing supply. Since 2020, several landmark laws were passed by the State Legislature, updating ADU law to simplify the construction, rental, and sale of ADUs in California.The most significant laws that have recently come into effect include: AB-1033 Accessory dwelling units: local ordinances: separate sale or conveyance,which authorizes local governments to adopt ordinances permitting the sale of ADUs separately from the primary residence as condominiums. AB-976 Accessory dwelling units: owner-occupancy requirements,which prohibits a local agency from requiring owner-occupancy for property owners to build and rent an ADU. A13-1154 Junior accessory dwelling units,which no longer requires owner-occupancy for Junior ADUs (JADU) as long as they have their own bathroom. AB-1332 Accessory dwelling units: preapproved plans, which requires local agencies to develop a program for pre-approved ADU plans, with projects using these plans having to be approved or denied within 30 days. SB-543 Accessory dwelling units and junior accessory dwelling units, which requires local agencies to determine if an ADU/JADU application is complete within 15 business days of submittal, revises ADU size to now be measured by "interior livable space" and now re-defines a JADU to be no more than 500 square feet of interior livable space. >> SB-1211 Land use: accessory dwelling units: ministerial approval, which authorizes multi-family property owners to build up to eight detached ADUs on a single lot, provided that the number of ADUs does not exceed the number of existing primary units. AB-2S33 Accessory dwelling units:junior accessory dwelling units: unpermitted developments, which prohibits local agencies from denying permits for unpermitted ADUs/JADUs constructed before January 1, 2020, based on code violations unless the structure is a health or safety hazard. In 2024, a total of 6,162 new residential units were permitted in Orange County, including those for ADUs (CDR, 2025). CDR projects that by 2050, approximately 13,000 more ADUs will be built in Orange County, with 2,028 ADUs expected within the City's service area. The increase in ADUs is likely to result in an increase in number of people per lot of land dwelling unit. Depending on whether the addition of ADUs results in a net replacement of irrigated area (or other high water use features such as swimming pools), ADUs could increase or decrease water demands. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER 4WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION One of the main objectives of an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is to provide an insight into the projected future water demands and supplies.This chapter describes the City of Santa Ana's (City) current and future water demands for their service area, factors that influence demands, and the methodology used to forecast future water demands over the next 25 years. For this 2025 UWMP,water demand projections will span from planning year 2025 through planning year 2050. Known for its suburban coastal communities and densely populated inland areas, Orange County has evolved greatly from its beginnings as an agricultural region.As some of the earliest cities in Orange County, from 1928 to 1931 the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, all joined with 10 other southern California cities to form the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET) with the ambitious dream to bring Colorado River water across the Mojave Desert.The Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) laterjoined MET as a member agency in 1951, and with the merger with Coastal Municipal Water District in 2001, now represents the remainder of Orange County to provide and manage the imported water supplies within its service area. Orange County is now mostly comprised of residential, mixed-use, and commercial developments,with less industry in the region.Agriculture in the region has also declined significantly as Orange County has grown more suburban.Thus, modern-day water use within Orange County can be largely summarized by the following four demand sectors: ■ Single-Family Residential. ■ Multi-Family Residential. ■ Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII). ■ Dedicated Irrigation (potable, recycled, and raw water). Figure 4.1 shows Orange County's overall historical water usage compared to population since 1990, when local water conservation programs were first established. As shown, from the early 1990s through the mid-2000s, Orange County's water usage increased as the population increased. Population figures slowed significantly in 2018 and began to decrease during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020-2021. Since 2007, retail, municipal, and industrial water use in Orange County has declined due to multiple contributing factors. Decades of sustained investments in water-use efficiency and public education have led to significant adoption of water-efficient appliances and fixtures, and increased public awareness of the need to use water wisely. Furthermore, in response to recurring droughts, growing urban demand, and increasingly limited water supplies, multiple regulatory requirements to promote water conservation have evolved and been implemented over the last two decades throughout California and Orange County. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 800.000 3.50 700.000 n r n n In 3.00 600.000 2 50 500.00 C = 2.00 n 400.00 C c 1.50 G 300.000 0 a 1.00 200.000 100.00 C Q, .-- 0V ID -0 O, Q, 0 M s} h 'O W O> O .- N M V �] �D f� O O> O .-- N M O3, M0 rn rn rn rn M rn o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- �!! N N N N N N N � `O O 1, -0 M 6 .� N 0 4 0 <0 < GD 6 4 6 6 .- N 6 `P aD rn oa rn rn rn rn rn rn rn rn o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fiscal Year MRetail M8J Water Usaae(Includes Recycled Water) —0C Service Area Population Figure 4.1 Historical Water Use and Population in Orange County Orange County's trending decline in water usage can most notably be attributed to Orange County water agencies' past efforts to achieve regional and individual compliance with Senate Bill (SB) X7-7, the Water Conservation Act of 2009, through the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance and compliance with Executive Order (EO) B-29-15. EO B-29-15 mandated 25 percent reduction in potable water use in response to the 2013-2014 drought. Furthermore, Orange County water agencies' ongoing progress towards achieving SB 606 and Assembly Bill (AB) 1668, the "Making Conservation a California Way of Life" legislation,water use objectives continue to exemplify Orange County water agencies' commitment to water conservation,water use efficiency, and overall reduction in potable water usage in recent decades. In 2025, MWDOC and Orange County Water District (OCWD), in collaboration with MWDOC's member agencies and the cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, led the effort to develop the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model. The Orange County Water Demand Projection Model (MWDOC, 2025) was used to project long-term water demand under three hydrologic conditions (normal year, single dry year, and five consecutive dry years) over a 25-year horizon in 5-year increments, consistent with the 2025 UWMP requirements. Although Orange County demands are forecast to be relatively flat into the future, with water use efficiency efforts counterbalancing new growth, Figure 4.2 shows that annual variations in weather could cause high fluctuations. Some examples of this are described below: ■ Single-family consumption is highly seasonal, and the model correlates well with seasonality and temperature by capturing fluctuations in single-family outdoor irrigation. ■ Multi-family use is generally less responsive to weather than single-family demands, as much of multi-family outdoor irrigation has been shifted into the irrigation-specific water use sector (dedicated irrigation meters), and generally newer multi-family dwellings in Orange County have comparatively less landscaped area than generally older single-family dwellings due to Model Water CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Efficient Landscape Ordinances (MWELO) mandated since 1993. Seasonal price elasticity varies the least between months for the multi-family sector. ■ Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional use is positively correlated to each job proportion as well as gross domestic product throughout Orange County, which means a higher amount of CII jobs and production value trend in an increase in water demands. ■ Irrigation is the most responsive to temperature and precipitation compared to the other sectors. } 700.000 LL Q C 650.000 E Q1 7 600.000 C C _ Q T = 550.000 0 U c. 500.000 -------------- ---------------------- o ...._:------------------------------- m 0 450.000 O N Q (D C2 O N Q (0 00 O N Q (D 00 O (N Q (0 00 O N N (N (V N C') co Cl) Cl) M Q Q Q Q In O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Historical ----Baseline Normal Year Single Hot/Dry Year —2nd Hot/Dry Year 3rd Hot/Dry Year 4th Hot/Dry Year 5th Hot/Dry Year ----High Demand Scenario --- Low Demand Scenario Figure 4.2 Projected Water Use Across All Orange County Water Agencies In terms of future development, north Orange County is substantially built out,with a majority of residential land uses with some mixed-use areas dedicated to commercial, institutional, and governmental uses. Future developments planned in north Orange County are mainly redevelopment and infill projects. As for the City's service area specifically, future developments will primarily be redevelopment, multiuse projects, in the 'focus areas' listed in the City's General Plan, housing to meet the City's Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) allocation, and accessory dwelling units (ADU), which will all shape the City's future water use trends. Water use within the City's service area has fluctuated in the past five years (Fiscal Year [FY] 2020-21 through FY 2024-25),with an annual average total water use of approximately 32,420 acre-feet per year (AFY). Following one of the worst droughts in California history between 2017 and 2022, the significant wet year in 2023 saw a decrease in overall water use from FY 2021-22 to FY 2022-23 in the City's entire service area. Water use in FY 2024-25 included 32,641 acre-feet (AF) of potable water and 294 AF of non-potable water for landscape irrigation. The City's water use is primarily residential.The projected water use in 2050 is 31,920 AF for potable water and 247 AF for non-potable water. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 4®1 Water Use in the Last Five Years The five-year average water use within the City's service area is approximately 32,420 AF provided by potable and non-potable sources. Demand trends have remained flat due to water-use efficiency efforts and increased precipitation in recent wet years, such as FY 2023. As mentioned in Chapter 3, despite multiple developments being anticipated in the City's service area, population projections are expected to slightly decrease.Total demands have slightly decreased due to ongoing water conservation programs and improved water use efficiency efforts. FY 2020-21 through FY 2021-22 saw the highest water uses over the last five years due to region-wide drought conditions. FY 2022-23 proved to be one of the wettest years on record in the state and the City saw a general decrease in water demand following this wet year, as precipitation offsets landscape irrigation demands.These year-to-year fluctuations in precipitation will continue to influence the City's annual demands. In general, the City saw a decrease in demands of approximately 3 percent over the 5-year reporting period. Table 4.1 presents the City's service area existing water use by source for direct uses. There are no indirect uses within the City's service area. As shown, the City's service area total water usage in FY 2024-25 was 32,935 AF.The total usage was met through a combination of potable and non-potable sources, including groundwater, imported water, and recycled water. In FY 2024-25, the total potable demand was 32,641 AFY, while only 294 AFY or less than 1 percent of the total demand was served with non-potable supplies for landscape irrigation. Table 4.1 Submittal Table 4-1 Retail:Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water—Actual Submittal Table 4-1 Retail:Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable—Actual Water Code Section 06 Use p- 2025 Drop down list May select each use multiple times Additional Description Potable or Non- These are the only use (as needed) Potable types that will be recognized (OPTIONAL) Drop down list by the WUE data online submittal tool Volume AF Add additional rows as needed Single-Family Potable 11,380 Multi-Family Potable 9,605 Commercial Potable 5,894 Industrial Potable 843 Institutional/Governmental Potable 2,281 Landscape Potable 1,029 Landscape Non-Potable 294 CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Submittal Table 4-1 Retail:Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable—Actual Water Code Section16 Use p- 2025 Drop down list May select each use multiple times Additional Description Potable or Non- These are the only use (as needed) Potable types that will be recognized (OPTIONAL) Drop down list by the WUE data online submittal tool Volume AF Add additional rows as needed Other(optional) Water Outside City only and Vacant Lot Potable 171 Distribution System Water Potable 1,438 Loss Subtotal Potable 32,641 Subtotal Non-Potable 294 Total 32,935 DWR NOTES: Units of measure(AF,CCF, MG)must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3. NOTES: 4.1.°4 Direct Municipal and Industrial Use 4.1.1.1 Potable Municipal and Industrial Use Table 4.1 summarizes the City's potable water demand for FY 2024-25. As shown, a total of 32,641 AF of potable water was used. The City has a mix of single- and multi-family residential water use,which account for 64.3 percent of their total potable water demand. CII use accounts for a combined 27.6 percent of total potable demand while landscape irrigation accounts for 3.2 percent of total potable demand. Other water use accounts for 0.5 percent of total potable demand. Distribution system water loss was calculated to be 4.4 percent in FY 2024-25. Despite the planned developments mentioned in Chapter 3,the City's potable demands are expected to slightly decrease in the long term due to declining population rates and continual conservation efforts. 4.1.1.2 Non-Potable Municipal and Industrial Use Table 4.1 summarizes the City's non-potable, or outdoor irrigation, water demand for FY 2024-25; a total of 294 AF was used. Landscape irrigation use accounts for all of the City's non-potable water use.The City's non-potable water demands are not expected to increase significantly in the future. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 4®2 Projected Water Use The water use projection for this UWMP is separated into a near-term period covering the next five years (2026-2030) and a long-term period extending from 2030 through 2050. The water use projection is based on the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM), which is included Appendix H of this UWMP.The methodology used in this demand forecast links water use statistically to a set of explanatory variables through a regression, or econometric, model. Section 4.3 offers a description of the methodology used to calculate the City's demand projections. A .1 Water Use Projections for 2026-2030 Total demands (direct) are met through imported water(treated), groundwater, and recycled water.The City utilizes the projected total demands to incorporate the best available planning information when projecting the imported water demands of its service area. The City's total water demand projection for the next five years is shown in Table 4.2.As shown, the City's total service area water demands are expected to remain relatively flat, with a minor decrease over the next five years (2026 to 2030) due to a projected decline in the service area's municipal and industrial demands. Table 4.2 City of Santa Ana's Service Area Total Potable and Non-Potable Demand for 2026-2030 Fiscal Year Ending 1 . 1 1 1 • 1 1 Total Water Demand (AF) 32,504 32,335 32,243 32,000 31,908 d_a,2 Water Use Projections for 2030-20r9 The City's service area's total water demands (by use type) for the next 25 years are shown in Table 4.3. By 2050, total water demand is projected to be 32,167 AF, a 2.3 percent decrease from the 2025 demand of 32,935 AFY.Table 4.4 indicates additional information for both future conservation efforts and low- income water demands included in the projections,while Table 4.5 presents the passive water savings included in Table 4.3 projections for 2030-2050. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 4.3 Submittal Table 4-2 Retail:Total Uses of Potable,and Non-Potable Water-Projected Submittal Table 4-2 Retail:Total Uses of Potable,and Non-Potable Water-Projected Water Code Section 0, Use Type AM�. Projected Water Use (Report To the Extent that Records are Available) Drop down list May select each use Additional multiple times Description Potable or These are the only Use (as needed) Non-Potable Types that will be (OPTIONAL) recognized by the Drop down list 2050 WUE data online 2030 2035 2040 2045 (AF) submittal tool (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (opt) Single-Family Potable 10,556 10,501 10,482 10,397 10,321 Multi-Family Potable 9,804 9,972 10,107 10,123 10,105 Commercial CII Potable Potable 7,921 7,975 8,064 8,097 8,100 Commercial Commercial Non-Potable 248 247 247 247 247 Non-potable Landscape Irrigation Potable 1,714 1,714 1,717 1,714 1,714 Demand Other(optional) Potable 302 304 306 306 305 Distribution System Loss Potable 1,363 1,371 1,380 1,379 1,375 Water Loss Subtotal Potable 31,660 31,837 32,057 32,016 31,920 Subtotal Non-Potable 248 247 247 247 247 Total 31,908 32,084 32,304 32,262 32,167 DWR NOTES: Units of measure(AF,CCF, MG)must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3. NOTES: Source-2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Forecast for the City of Santa Ana CITY OF SANTA ANA 4-7 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 4.4 Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Water Code Section 0, i. i. Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? Drop down list(y/n) Yes If"Yes"to above, state the section or page number, in the cell to the right,where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are utilized in demand projections are found. Chapter 4.3 Optional Suppliers may complete Optional Submittal Table 4-4 R to quantify the expected savings. Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Yes Drop down list(y/n) Optional If the method for accounting Lower Income Residential Demands has been included, Chapter 4.3 provide page number where this accounting can be found. DWR NOTES:Additional guidance is provided in Appendix K. NOTES: Future water savings include passive conservation (defined as water savings that occur without incentives). Active conservation (defined as water savings that occur with incentives)is not included in the projections. The demand projection methodology accounted for the entire population of the service area(i.e.,all income levels). Table 4.5 Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections OPTIONAL Water Code Section 06 Description Passive savings (Codes, Standards, Ordinances,or Plans) 2030(AF) 2035(AF) 2040(AF) 2045(AF) 2050(opt) AF Passive Water Savings 389 391 393 392 390 DWR NOTES: Units of measure(AF,CCF, MG)must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3. NOTES: Passive conservation here is defined as water savings that occur without incentives(e.g., installing water- efficient technologies such as drip irrigation systems). Based on the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model, passive conservation is assumed to equal a 1.9%decrease in residential demand due to conservation by 2030 (linearly extrapolated),then remains constant in subsequent years. 4.2.2.1 Direct Municipal and Industrial Use Potable Municipal and Industrial Use As shown in Table 4.3, the total potable water demands are projected to be 31,920 AF by the year 2050, an increase of about 0.8 percent between 2030 and 2050. It is projected that combined single- and multi-family residential water use will account for 64 percent of total potable water demand, commercial water use is expected to account for 25.4 percent, and landscape irrigation water use will account for 5.4 percent of total potable water use in the City by 2050. Other uses are expected to account for 1 percent of total potable water use by 2050 while distribution system water loss is expected to account for 4.3 percent of total potable water use. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Non-Potable Municipal and Industrial Use As shown in Table 4.3, the total non-potable water demands for commercial irrigation use are projected to remain relatively constant between 2030 and 2050, with non-potable demands projected to be 305 AF in 2050. It is projected that commercial irrigation use will account for 100 percent of total non-potable water use in the City by 2050. 4.3 Water Demand Projection Methodology In 2025, MWDOC and OCWD, in collaboration with MWDOC's member agencies and the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, led the effort to develop the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model (MWDOC, 2025).This effort developed a demand model by regressing historical water consumption data provided by each Orange County water agency against several explanatory variables known to influence water demand (including weather,water price, regional economic conditions, and housing density). The water demand projections were for the Orange County region as a whole and provided retail agency specific demands, spanning the years of 2025-2050.The full TM can be found in Appendix H. The demand projections created four econometric, or regression, demand models representing the following four water billing sectors for each Orange County retail agency: ■ Single-Family Residential. ■ Multi-Family Residential. ■ CIL ■ Dedicated Irrigation (potable, recycled, and raw water) Prior to developing the forecasts, model calibration and fine tuning for each of the four demand sectors occurred at the individual retail agency level. The demand across all four models, plus other uses for each agency, is summed to a total forecast for each agency, the MWDOC service area, the OCWD service area, and total Orange County. The demand projection methodology accounted for the entire population of each individual retail agency's service area (i.e., all income levels), thus accounting for the water demand projections for lower income households within the City's service area. 4.3.1 Econometric Approach, Data Acquisition, and Model Development A regression, or econometric, approach to demand forecasting statistically links retail level water use to weather, economic, and socioeconomic factors (explanatory variables).The model relies on a comprehensive dataset of historical water use data for almost 40 different billing sectors collected from Orange County retail agencies. MWDOC obtained explanatory variables from reputable sources, including weather databases and Census-based reports.The explanatory variables used in the regression were based on industry experience regarding what factors affect water use nationwide and in Southern California. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO By statistically linking water use to explanatory variables, the econometric models provide a robust foundation for understanding variability and projecting future consumption patterns. Modeled water use is the product of the driver count (e.g., number of accounts), and the rate of water use per driver: Water Use = Driver Count x Rate of Use per Driver Each of the four demand sectors modeled (single-family, multi-family, CII, and irrigation) has a separate equation. Driver units change into the future based on housing, employment, and population projections. The rate of water use per driver is based on the historical response of the use rate to explanatory variables (measured by coefficients) and the future values of those same explanatory variables. Linear regression produces the coefficients for each explanatory variable to closely reproduce the historical rate of use per driver unit. The coefficients explain how (both in terms of magnitude and sign) water use responds to changes to explanatory variables. MWDOC identified driver units based on data provided by agencies and the Center for Demographic Research at Cal State Fullerton (CDR) that can be easily projected into the future.The rate of water use per driver is based on agency-provided billing sector uses from 2010 through 2024.Table 4.6 shows the driver units and rate of use for each of the four models. Table 4.6 Summary of Demand Sectors Sector Driver Units - of Definition Single-Family Residential Accounts Gallons/account/day Multi-Family Residential Accounts Gallons/account/day CII Jobs Gallons/job/day Dedicated Irrigation (potable, recycled, and raw water) Accounts Gallons/account/day The rates of water use for each sector model are based on the historical responses to explanatory variables and the future values of those explanatory variables. Addressing multiple influences on demand improves the accuracy and precision of all estimated parameters, and the modeling team identified a large range of explanatory variables based on past experience with demand modeling and available data. Table 4.7 displays the explanatory variables. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 4.7 Summary of Historical Data Collected for Model Development Dataset Data Source(s) Observed Weather(monthly precipitation, monthly PRISM maximum temperature) Water Price Retail agency-provided (2010-2024) Drought Restrictions State Water Resources Control Board GDP Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis real GDP: all industries in Orange County,California Median Income US Census ACS Housing Density US Census ACS,CDR, SCAG land use data Persons Per Household US Census ACS,CDR, SCAG land use data Relative Sectoral Economic Activity US Census LODES, CDR Passive Efficiency Estimates Analysis of trend indicators and MWDOC/Flume Insight COVID Binary Indicator Assumed active from March 2020 to May 2023 Notes: ACS-American Community Survey;GDP-gross domestic product; LODES-Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin Destination Employment Statistics; PRISM-parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes model The MWDOC Water Use Efficiency Group provided annual water savings achieved by various active conservation measures.To avoid potential errors in the classification of historical conservation data, total historical conservation was modeled in each sectoral regression model using a linear trend to capture steady change over time.While historical conservation is captured in a linear trend, projected passive conservation is based on best available data from the 2021 Orange County Residential Water Efficiency Potential and Opportunities Study and assumes a 1.9 percent decrease in annual residential demand from 2025 to 2030, at which point passive conservation is projected to remain constant . Future active conservation is not accounted for in baseline demand forecast, as water savings from active programs (programs that require customers to change behavior) are highly specific to retail agencies and to the formulation and timing of their implementation. The process of identifying the explanatory variables to include in the regression equation and developing coefficients that accurately measure the response of water use to changes in these variables is the most time-intensive part of the demand forecasting process. Prior to developing the forecasts, model calibration and fine tuning for each of the four demand sectors occurred at the individual retail agency level. The modeling team worked with each retail agency to calibrate sectoral model equations and quantify other uses (those not included in the single-family, multi-family, irrigation, or CII demand sectors). CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Figure 4.3 presents the iterative process undergone to develop the econometric demand forecasts. N Collect and process historical data 0 a a� Develop econometric models The type and number a4of variables used is o iteratively determined Z Equations explaining historical water use h a Collect and process oprojected data a � y Develop Demand a� Projections a O V, Figure 4.3 Econometric Demand Forecast Development Process 4.3.2 Forecasted Demands Forecasted demand is a function of both the change in driver units into the future as well as the change in explanatory variables.Table 4.8 summarizes the future drivers and variables and assumptions for the baseline forecast. It should be noted that the CDR demographic forecast accounts for both the RHNA allocations and projected increase in ADUs. , The 2022 Orange County Projections accounted for Draft RHNA rezone sites' with jurisdictions including the number of dwelling units that are most likely to occur/get built by the end of 2050 under assumptions and trends existing at the time of the forecasting effort. ' For the 2022 Orange County Projections, CDR collected initial draft input from local jurisdictions in September 2021 on their anticipated jurisdiction-level housing growth for each projection year. In December 2021-February 2022, CDR reviewed and extracted data from jurisdictions' draft housing elements to create a parcel-level inventory of additional housing capacity from sites that were to be rezoned to accommodate the 6th RHNA cycle.These were reviewed by jurisdictions in spring 2022. Jurisdictions completed the rezoning of the final sites after their housing elements were certified by the State Housing and Community Development Department starting in 2022.The final adopted rezone sites will feed into CDR's 2026 Orange County Projections. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 4.8 Future Model Parameters Data Category Variable Source Assumptions Driver Units Single-Family and CDR Historical households per account; averages are Multi-Family Accounts multiplied by households projected by CDR Irrigation Accounts Agency Billing Data Accounts are assumed to be constant into the future Sectoral Employment CDR Proportion of jobs within CII sectors projected by CDR Explanatory V Monthly Maximum PRISM 30-year historical normal weather Variables Temperature and Total Precipitation [Water Price Retail Agencies Prices increase by 3%per year above inflation for 2025-2030 and keeps pace with inflation thereafter (zero difference from inflation trend) Water Use Restrictions State and Local None Restrictions Seasonality Sine/cosine functions to capture monthly pattern Median Income U.S. Census Constant income at 2022 value(real dollars) Housing Density i CDR Derived from CDR housing unit projections, assuming residential area remains at 2024 levels Persons Per Household CDR CDR-projected demographics Gross Domestic Federal Reserve Long-term GDP trend Product Relative Sectoral CDR Calculated based on CDR projections Employment Passive Efficiency Flume Insight Assumes a 2%decrease in residential demand due Estimates to conservation by 2030(linearly extrapolated),then no change COVID Binary Indicator None(occurred between March 2020 and May 2023) The normal year scenario was provided by the baseline forecast. In this model, the single dry year scenario used a hot-dry index (HDI) to identify the year with the most weather-sensitive demand,with 2014 selected for most agencies. The multiple dry year was developed to describe the potential impact of consecutive dry years. The forecasts for individual agencies, including the City's, was then summed to the regional level, providing regionally consistent forecasts for all of Orange County. 4.4 Water Loss The City has conducted annual water loss audits since 2015 per the AWWA methodology per SB 555 to understand the relationship between water loss, operating costs, and revenue losses. Non-revenue water for FY 2020-2024 consists of three components: real losses (e.g., leakage in mains and service lines, and storage tank overflows), apparent losses (unauthorized consumption, customer metering inaccuracies, and systematic data handling errors), and unbilled water(e.g., hydrant flushing, firefighting, and blow-off water from well start-ups).Table 4.9 summarizes the status of the last five years of water loss audit CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO reporting for the water system. Reports can be found online at WUEdata - Water Audit Plans. Understanding and controlling water loss from a distribution system is an effective way for the City to achieve regulatory standards and manage their existing resources. Table 4.9 Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting Submittal Table 4-5 Retail:Water Loss Audit Water Code Section 0, Public Water System ID# Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program Reported in Table 2-1 R Reporting Period (yes/no) Report submittal status for all five years for each Public Water System as available. Add rows as needed 2020 Yes 2021 Yes CA3010038 2022 Yes 2023 Yes 2024 Yes DWR NOTES: Suppliers will provide a link to the WUE data submittals of their Water Loss Audit Reports. NOTES:Water Loss Audits reported in Fiscal Years(FY). Signed in 2018 and adopted in 2024, the "Making Conservation a California Way of Life" legislation (SB 606 and AB 1668) establishes a new framework for long-term improvements in urban water use efficiency and drought planning as California adapts to climate change impacts. Under the regulation, Suppliers must annually calculate Urban Water Use Objectives based on standards applied at the service-area scale, including the Water Loss Performance Standard developed by the State Water Resources Control Board to minimize water waste through system leaks.The Water Loss Performance Standard requires that Suppliers must meet the real water loss standard and apparent water loss standard by 2028. Table 4.10 presents the City's progress towards compliance with the 2028 Water Loss Standard, as of the time of writing this UWMP.The most recent AWWA Water Loss Audit for FY 2025 was utilized for the calculations presented. CITY OF SANTA ANA \ / 2 F- \ \ kk 4 z e o _ § / 272E § § - \ j \ 7 \ wZ ° ® CDC k ¥ / coE < ^ q / � \ �^� co z § > \ 22 f - � � E f / \ ) u /\ - \ - ( C) 3 d \ \ ® - ^ C C \ cu CD k \ / \ b \ / 3 \ \ \ ^ 2/ y \ g � In 7 J cn 5 » } \ * \ 0 \ \ \ ID - < 7 � R � } o < § — $ / \ / \ \ \ § \ \ < \ \ \ \ > > = 4 % In ƒ 3 \ / 'Ea � u C E m i:-: T / U 2 & \ � Q g \ cu 2 ® 7 % >n ) 00 ® /- � 90 7 - \ ƒ 00 / $ / &$ $ - � � \ / \ \ ƒ _ 9 C) CL - 7 ^ � _ - \ \ 2 / \ \ k - \ � CL\ \ 4 \ ® co E 2t � ƒ= _ / % »b \ / j / I = .Ln 5E co _ < . § J4U) e \ = ¥ k \ [ 2 � jCD a76_ U) y k / \ 5 ƒ _ / / a § / E » o n a o / / CKS � JE \ ƒ 0-U) < Cl) k \ } / / ¥ u 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER CONSERVATION TARGET COMPLIANCE The Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as Senate Bill (SB) X7-7, mandated a 20 percent reduction in urban per-capita water use across California by 2020.To achieve this goal, the Act required each retail water supplier to establish an urban water-use target, contributing to the State's collective efforts. The Legislature stated that the combined reductions from all retail suppliers would fulfill the statewide legislative mandate. The goal of this chapter is to allow the retail water supplier to report on their progress toward meeting their urban water-use targets in their Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), pursuant to Water Code Section 10608.40. Suppliers that did not meet their 2020 target in 2020 are required to compare their 2025 water use to the 2020 target. As the City's actual 2020 water use was lower than its 2020 water use target, this did not apply to the City. Retail water suppliers are required to comply with SB X7-7 individually or as a region in collaboration with other retail water suppliers or demonstrate they have a plan or have secured funding to be in compliance, in order to be eligible for water related state grants and loans. When determining water use in an UWMP, two terms are often used interchangeably: ■ Daily Per Capita Water Use.The amount of water used per person per day. In the UWMP calculations, this is total water use within a service area, divided by population, and it is measured in gallons. ■ Gallons Per Capita Per Day(gpcd). This is the daily per capita water use measured in gallons. Therefore,the term commonly used when referring to "daily per capita water use" is "gallons per capita per day' or gpcd.' 5.1 Reporting Requirements MWDOC's Water Use Efficiency (WUE) programs helped Orange County meet the state's 20x2020 mandate by coordinating conservation efforts across its member agencies, funding and implementing regionally cost-effective efficiency programs, and enabling compliance through the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance. By aligning its WUE portfolio directly with SB X7-7 requirements, supporting high-impact measures (especially outdoor water savings), documenting eligible indirect potable reuse credits, and centrally handling regional target calculations and reporting, MWDOC allowed participating retailers to comply collectively rather than individually resulting in regional per capita water use well below the required 2020 target. It is important to distinguish gpcd (as used in UWMPs) from the Residential Gallons Per Capita Per Day (R-GPCD) that is used in some reporting to the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). GPCD is the total water use from all sectors within a service area (residential, commercial, institutional, and any others) minus allowable exclusions (as defined in SB X7-7), then divided by the population.This is used in UWMPs. R-GPCD is only a part of the gpcd; it is the estimated residential water use in a service area divided by population. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO As a result of MWDOC's WUE program, all Orange County water retailers, including all MWDOC's member agencies and the participating cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, achieved compliance prior to 2020.Table 5.1, with information taken from the 2020 UWMP, verifies that the City of Santa Ana met their SB X7-7 requirement.A discussion of programs implemented to support the achievement of the agency's per capita water reduction goals is covered in Section 9 - Demand Management Measures of this UWMP. Table 5.1 Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress 7EL11 U-1.-in ly for suppliers that did not meet the Target in 2020 Was Supplier part of Regional Alliance Did Supplier See DWR NOTES below. a merger or Target or Achieve Targeted consolidation since Individual 2020 Target Actual 2020 GPCD Reduction for Target? dual 2025 GPCD Did Supplier meet 20207. Drop down list 2020.7 (From SB X7-7 the 2020 Target in Compliance Form) 2025? No Individual Target 116 66 Yes NA DWR NOTES: Suppliers calculating a 2025 GPCD will need to complete and submit SB X 7-7 Compliance Tables to verify the use of SB X7-7 Methodologies. Suppliers that were part of a merger or consolidation since 2020 see Chapter 5 and Appendix P for guidance. NA=Not Applicable NOTES:Supplier met the 2020 target,actual 2025 GPCD not required. CITY OF SANTA ANA 5-2 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER 6WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION Orange County has a water supply portfolio made up of a variety of local and imported sources. Groundwater is produced from the Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin), which is managed by the Orange County Water District (OCWD).To enhance the reliability of groundwater, OCWD has implemented projects and programs over the years that include: (1) the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS), which is the world's largest water purification system for indirect potable reuse; (2) increased stormwater capture for groundwater recharge; and (3) participation in the Santa Ana River Conservation and Conjunctive Use Program (SARCCUP), a collaborative, watershed-scale approach for groundwater basin management, replenishment, and water transfers. Imported water is provided by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), the wholesale water provider to 26 member agencies in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura Counties.The City is one of those member agencies. MET's imported water sources are delivered through its own Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) and the California Aqueduct, under contract with the State Water Project (SWP).To enhance the reliability of its imported water, MET has implemented many programs such as canal lining and transfers of agricultural water, land fallowing programs with irrigation districts, water banking programs, and use of its storage reservoirs. Local and imported water sources in Orange County are managed in such a way that they complement each other. For example, during wet and normal years additional untreated MET water is purchased for groundwater replenishment in the OC Basin. During dry and drought years, when imported water is more limited, more groundwater can be produced to meet Orange County water demands.This coordinated management of water supplies has resulted in reliable water service even during multi-year droughts. Based on the water supply assessment described in this chapter and in Chapter 7, the Orange County region will continue to receive a reliable water supply through the next 25 years. Specifically, this chapter includes: (1) descriptions of each water supply source and their management; (2) quantification of water supply sources through 2050 under normal, dry, and multi-dry weather conditions; (3) opportunities for exchanges and transfers; and (4) discussion regarding any planned or potential future water supply projects. This chapter also includes the energy intensity of the water service. 6.1 Water Supply Overview The City meets all of its demands with a combination of imported water and local groundwater to meet its water needs.The City works together with two primary agencies, MET and OCWD,to ensure a safe and reliable water supply that will continue to serve the community in periods of drought and shortage. MET is the City's wholesaler of imported water, which is delivered from the SWP and MET's CRA to Southern California.The City purchases imported water from MET to supplement their local supplies. Local supplies developed by other entities and retail agencies include groundwater and recycled water. Local sources presently account for 87 percent of the City's water supplies, whereby groundwater is the major source of local supply. The primary source of groundwater originates from the OC Basin, which is located in mid-Orange County and is managed by OCWD. The Orange County GWRS is a joint project CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO between OCWD and the Orange County Sanitation District (OC San). Using advanced treatment, recycled wastewater is transformed into a high-quality water supply for groundwater replenishment. The City's main source of water supply is groundwater from the OC Basin. Imported water makes up the rest of the City's water supply portfolio. In Fiscal Year(FY) 2024-25, the City relied on approximately 87 percent groundwater and 13 percent imported water(Table 6.1). Table 6.1 Water Supplies-2025 Actual Submittal Table 6-8 Retail:Water Supplies—2025 Actual Water Code Section 0. Water Supply Additional Water Type Actual Volume Description (after treatment if treated) (AF) Purchased or MWD Potable 4,026 Imported Water Groundwater Orange County Potable 28,615 (not desalinated) Groundwater Basin Recycled Water OCWD Non-Potable 294 Subtotal Potable 32,641 Subtotal Non-Potable 294 Total 32,935 NOTES: Source-MWDOC,2025 AF-acre-feet In 2025,the Municipal Water District of Orange County(MWDOC) developed a water demand forecast model for its participating water agencies that statistically correlates municipal and industrial (M&I) water use with demographic, socioeconomic, conservation, and weather variables—as reported in the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM) (MWDOC, 2025). Because the model isolates weather, future water demand projects can be estimated under single- and multiple year-droughts and under future climate change scenarios. It is projected that by 2050, the City's water portfolio will continue to be approximately 85 percent groundwater and 15 percent imported water(Figure 6.1 and Table 6.2). It should be noted that these representations of supply match the projected demand. However,the City can purchase more MET imported water, should the need arise. Note that the GWRS supplies are included as part of groundwater pumping numbers. The following subsections provide a detailed discussion of the City's water sources as well as the future water supply portfolio for the next 25 years. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 100% 247 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% �. 27,248 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 ■Groundwater ■Imported Water ■Recycled Water Figure 6.1 City's Projected Water Supply CITY OF SANTA ANA 6-3 } \ < Z / 2 / / < EEL L z / 22 � CO § / = o - S < < \ C) LO > oEco \ \ z a 2 < - - 0 9 F- k < ^ - R m ./\ 0 jN # } � � CL Ln � � E CD CD c /� ® a /ƒ cu \ ( ƒ (a \ - - < - - \ La D < > ^ g@ o _ _ 2 3 \ \ � Ccu 0 2 := -2 Io co a) Ca ƒ ~ - $ / - = 3 < \ f \ 2 oy § ƒ r / / � a km ƒ - 22 eee k g7 / / » ( f ® a) P- / § � =Co LO = o cc 15 $ ( CC)l2 OL \ \ \ % - - \ J co IL 00 \ E \ � 2 = e / \_ � EL D CD, a / o = o = \ \ e L / L 7 M \ \ aN f G � � - # y § / ) - -0 -0 k \ § / i k 7 -0 3 - w g = $ Q ® � - - uJ J = � } / u ? co 2 e ( / 2 J £ G 7 J / - / u & - \ § / Q §_ a \ \ � k / / g _ 2 � < ca b + ( / CD < (z � \ f } @ \ \ 3 / / 3W \ 3f \ _ 6 - ® o § 3 ƒ 0 § / J zU) \ 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 6.2 Imported Water The City supplements its water supply with imported water purchased from MET. In FY 2024-25, the City relied on approximately 4,026 acre-feet per year (AFY)—approximately 13 percent of the City's water supply portfolio for FY 2024-25—of imported water from MET to meet its demands. MET's two principal sources of water are the Colorado River and the SWP. MET receives water from the Colorado River through the CRA and from the SWP through the California Aqueduct. For Orange County, the water obtained from these sources is treated at the Robert B. Diemer Filtration Plant located in the City of Yorba Linda. Typically,the Diemer Filtration Plant receives a blend of Colorado River water from Lake Mathews through the MET Lower Feeder and SWP water through the Yorba Linda Feeder. 6.2.1 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California MET is the largest water wholesaler in California, serving approximately 19 million customers in a 5,200-square-mile service area. MET wholesales imported water supplies to 26 member agencies located in the 6 southern California counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura. MET is governed by a Board of Directors comprised of 38 appointed individuals with a minimum of one representative from each of MET's 26 member agencies.The allocation of directors and voting rights is determined by each agency's assessed valuation. Each member of the Board is entitled to cast one vote for each 10 million dollars of assessed valuation of property taxable for district purposes, in accordance with Section 55 of the Metropolitan Water District Act. Directors may be appointed by the chief executive officer of the member agency or by a majority vote from the agency's governing board. Directors are not compensated by MET for their service (The Metropolitan Water District Act, 1969). MET is responsible for importing water into the region through its operation of the CRA,which brings Colorado River supply to its service area, and its SWP contract,which brings water from northern California via the California Aqueduct. MET supplements its direct deliveries of imported supplies with its storage reservoirs,water transfers, agricultural irrigation water conservation, and water banking programs. Major imported water aqueducts bringing water to Southern California are shown in Figure 6.2. The Los Angeles Aqueduct, shown in the figure, is owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, and not part of MET's imported water supplies. Member agencies receive water from MET through various delivery points and pay for service through a rate structure comprising volumetric rates, capacity charges, and readiness-to-serve charges. Member agencies provide MET with estimates of imported water demand in April each year, indicating the amount of water they anticipate they will need to meet their demands over the next five years. In Orange County, MWDOC and the cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana are MET member agencies that purchase imported water directly from MET. Figure 6.3 illustrates the MET feeders and major transmission pipelines that deliver water within Orange County. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Lake Oroville Map Legend Conveyance Facilities m Lakes Orange County State of California 0. River Bay- Defla h f N 0 C 7a D T c 9 a. G& a Orange County Metropolitan's Colorado RiverAq tied uct Figure 6.2 Major Aqueducts that Supply Imported Water to Southern California(MET,2025) CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO sn Be.n,mmo county ly 2� tolaom Ce'IeI Pool x^E` 'O Ylfr \ Rive.:one co. y LOWER FEEDER LOWER Fee R m „.Mmo» g .am Wo� ,Exoen.n wnx IJ -1 M1om lake MBOMwB Dti CI r .e.n O i...v.m.�.. y 5 NDILOWER FEEDER (1 w..mamn 91W m WEST DC FEEDER m cy Oy AMcMmai cxo.E '—Iewwwn O eu.evex ^I Z p n • L WER PETERS CANYON RESERVOIR F A M O ra.En c .�, wxrtxwamn me.µ. R LESNAKE 9 in ESERVOIR gqm O SYPHON Gym F RESERVOI .p E.o, w.,E.ws�vci Irk ((/'.e �Oy 44,, 'j. •UPPER OSO RESERVOIR OF a Z � SAND CANYON � •TRABUCO DAM IRVINE RESERVOIR a •PORTOLA RESERVOIR CROSS FEEDER EL TORO RESE IR .Ewr �a •SAN AQUIN RESE BIG CANYON RESER CO UPPERCHIOUITARESERVOIR lo, QQZ yy wnren mmcr I y Z (). M G •GOBERNADORA BASIN F g .ExonTm 00 i •BASIN N • Recycled Water Reservoir TRAM AS CANYON RESERVOIR • ■ Water Treatment Facility RESE OIR SB O Potable Water Reservoir Untreated Water Pipeline(Local) habs.4,== BRADT RESERVOIR -Untreated Water Pipeline(MET) Fq, -MET Treated Water Pipeline P�4� -Joint Local Agency Pipeline SCHLEGEL RESERVOIR Joint MET/Local Agency Pipeline(MET Operated) N -Joint MET/Local Agency Pipeline(Locally Operated) Map displays Retail Water Agency boundaries. W E mU a me M.- —DkVkf of O.W—by(M—)by S Im Dm b,asseeme I-Rl,csU rwMnm Db re Saurtn'.MWDOD.Cdt AupiW A]a 0 1.75 Sfi Me OC Water Retailers and Transmission Mains Figure 6.3 MET Feeders and Transmission Mains that Serve Orange County CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 6.2.2 Colorado River Aqueduct 6.2.2.1 Background The Colorado River was MET's original source of water after MET's establishment in 1928.The original founding members created MET with the goal of building the CRA to bring water to Southern California. The CRA,which is owned and operated by MET, transports water from the Colorado River to its terminus Lake Mathews, in Riverside County.The actual amount of water per year that may be conveyed through the CRA to MET's member agencies is subject to the availability of Colorado River water.Approximately 40 million people rely on the Colorado River and its tributaries for potable water with 5.5 million acres of land using Colorado River water for irrigation. The CRA includes supplies from the implementation of the Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA) and its related agreements to transfer water from agricultural agencies to urban uses.The 2003 QSA enabled California to implement major Colorado River water conservation and transfer programs to stabilize water supplies and reduce the state's demand on the river to its 4.4 million acre-feet (MAF) entitlement. Colorado River transactions are potentially available to supply additional water up to the CRA capacity of 1.25 MAF on an as-needed basis. Water from the Colorado River or its tributaries is available to users in California,Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, and Mexico. California is apportioned the use of 4A MAF of water from the Colorado River each year plus one-half of any surplus that may be available for use collectively in Arizona, California, and Nevada. In addition, California has historically been allowed to use Colorado River water apportioned to, but not used by,Arizona or Nevada. MET has fourth-priority rights,with a basic entitlement of 550,000 AFY of Colorado River water, plus surplus water up to an additional 662,000 AFY when the following conditions exist (MET, 2025): ■ Water is unused by the California holders of priorities 1 through 3. ■ Water is saved by the Palo Verde land management, crop rotation, and water supply program. ■ When the Unites States (US) Secretary of the Interior makes available either one or both of the following: » Surplus water. >> Colorado River water that is apportioned to but unused by Arizona and/or Nevada. 6.2.2.2 Current Conditions and Supply The Colorado River supply faces current and future imbalances between water supply and demand in the Colorado River Basin due to reductions in snowpack, long-term drought conditions, and climate change. The last 25-year period has been called a megadrought,with Lake Mead's elevation dropping from a high of 1,215 feet in 2000 to its lowest level of 1,040 feet in July 2022.While extreme wet conditions resulted in lake levels exceeding 1,077 feet in February 2024, levels have been persistently hovering around 1,057 feet since May of 2025. The United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) projects that there is a 53 percent likelihood that Lake Mead elevation could fall below 1,035 feet,which would trigger water shortages for MET under the current operating guidelines.As of August 2025, Lake Mead storage was approximately 31 percent of capacity per USBR's 24-Month Study,which also projected continued Lower Basin shortage conditions in 2026 (MET, 2025). The current operating guidelines for the Colorado River expire at the end of 2026, and a new, long-term operating plan must be in place by November 2026 to manage the river's water supply.The ongoing CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Colorado River allocation negotiations are focused on creating a post-2026 operating plan,with states and the federal government aiming for consensus on how to manage the river's declining water supply due to the severe, prolonged drought in the Colorado River Basin.The drought on the Colorado River began around 2000 and has continued, in various degrees of severity, for over two decades, making it a historic megadrought that has significantly reduced water flow into the river and lowered water levels in reservoirs like Lake Powell and Lake Mead. Although some periods, like the wet winter of 2023, brought temporary relief with increased snowfall, they were not enough to fully replenish the system or overcome the prolonged lack of water and effects of climate change, such as aridification and increased evaporation according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2024). Under the 2007 Interim Guidelines, together with the Lower Basin Drought Contingency Plan (2019), the Intentionally Created Surplus (ICS) program has allowed MET to store conserved water in Lake Mead for subsequent recovery;these frameworks sunset with the Guidelines at the end of 2026 and are expected to be addressed in the post-2026 rules (MET, 2025). The USBR,which is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, is the federal agency leading the negotiations and responsible for managing the river system.The ongoing Colorado River negotiations aim to find a fair and sustainable way to allocate the available water, which is significantly less than in the past.Talks are centering on a "natural flow" proposal that divides water based on current river conditions, rather than historical allocations. However, states remain at odds over how much water to allocate to the Upper and Lower Basins,with the federal government planning to impose its own plan if an agreement is not reached by the November 2026 deadline. Some key challenges that remain to be resolved are the different interests of the Upper Basin states (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico) and the Lower Basin states (California, Arizona, Nevada) to reach consensus on how much water the Upper Basin should send downstream. In addition,Tribal nations are also seeking recognition of their rights and a role in the future management of the river. Given MET's junior priority status within California's Colorado River priority system, reductions to MET's supplies are a possibility under future operating criteria; MET's planning reflects this risk (MET, 2025). Consistent with MET's 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), supply capability planning uses USBR's August 2023 Colorado River Simulation System assumptions, including a climate-adjusted flow reduction factor of approximately 9.3 percent per 1 degree Celsius of warming over the planning horizon (2025-2050). MET continues to utilize supply, storage, transfer, and conservation programs, including ICS participation under the current guidelines, to manage risk and buffer shortages. In addition, conserved QSA-related transfer water delivered at Lake Havasu (including Imperial Irrigation District and canal-lining exchanges) is categorized in MET's 2025 UWMP as Colorado River imported supply (previously treated as local supply), aligning accounting with current practice (MET, 2025). 6.2.2.3 MET Colorado River Current Programs Over the years, MET has helped fund and implement various programs to improve Colorado River supply reliability and help resolve the imbalance between supply and demand. Implementation of such programs has contributed to achievements such as a record-low diversion of the Colorado River in 2019, a level not seen since the 1950s. Colorado River water management programs include: ■ Lower Colorado Water Supply Projects:Authorized in the 1980s, this project provides up to 10,000 AFY of water to certain entities that do not have or have insufficient rights to use Colorado River water.A contract executed in 2007 allowed MET to receive project water left unused by the CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO project contractors along the River— nearly 10,000 acre-feet (AF) were received in recent years when unused supplies were available. ■ Imperial Irrigation District/MET Conservation Program: Under agreements executed in 1988 and 1989, this program allows MET to fund water efficiency improvements within Imperial Irrigation District's service area in return for the right to divert the water conserved by those investments. An average of 105,000 AFY of water has been conserved since the program's implementation. ■ Management of MET-Owned Land in Palo Verde: Since 2001, MET has acquired approximately 21,000 acres of irrigable farmland that are leased to growers, with incentives to grow low water-using crops and experiment with low water-consumption practices. MET continues to evaluate opportunities to formally account for verified long-term water savings associated with these lands as part of its Colorado River supply reliability strategy. ■ Palo Verde Land Management, Crop Rotation, and Water Supply Program:Authorized in 2004, this 35-year program allows MET to pay participating farmers to reduce their water use, and for MET to receive the saved water. Over the life of the program, an average of 84,500 AFY has been saved and made available to MET. ■ Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) and MET Storage and Interstate Release Agreement: Entered in 2004, this agreement allows SNWA to store its unused, conserved water with MET, in exchange for MET to receive additional Colorado River water supply. MET has relied on the additional water during dry years, especially during the 2011-2016 California drought, and SNWA is not expected to call upon MET to return water until after 2026. ■ Lake Mead Storage Program: Executed in 2006 and subsequently integrated with Lower Basin Drought Contingency Plan (DCP) operations, MET may intentionally leave conserved water in Lake Mead for exclusive future use. MET has significantly expanded its use of ICS storage in recent years, including record storage creation (450,000 AF) in 2023 under DCP-related conservation programs. ■ Quagga Mussel Control Program: Developed in 2007, this program introduced surveillance activities and control measures to combat quagga mussels, an invasive species that impacts the Colorado River's water quality. ■ Bard Seasonal Fallowing Program:Authorized in 2019, and subsequently expanded, this program allows MET to pay participating farmers in Bard to reduce their water use between the late spring and summer months of selected year. Under expanded program authorizations through 2026 (Quechan Seasonal Fallowing Program), this program can provide up to approximately 12,000 AFY in certain years. ■ Lower Basin Drought Contingency Plan: Signed in 2019, this agreement incentivizes storage in Lake Mead through 2026 and overall, it increases MET's flexibility to fill the CRA as needed (MET, 2025). ■ Lower Basin Conservation and System Efficiency Programs: In recent years, MET has participated in new, multi-agency conservation and system efficiency programs implemented between 2023 and 2026. These programs incentivize agricultural conservation, system efficiency improvements, urban conservation, and groundwater storage in the Lower Colorado River Basin, with the goal of reducing system demands and increasing storage in Lake Mead during critically dry conditions.This includes programs such as the Quechan Diversion Forbearance program. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO ■ Exchange Programs: MET is involved in separate exchange programs with the USBR,which takes place at the Colorado River Intake and with San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA),which exchanges conserved Colorado River water. The Colorado River faces long-term challenges of water demands exceeding available supply with additional uncertainties due to climate change. Climate change impacts expected in the Colorado River Basin include the following: ■ More frequent, more intense, and longer lasting droughts, which will result in water deficits. ■ Continued dryness in the Colorado River Basin,which will increase the likelihood of triggering a first ever shortage in the Lower Basin. ■ Increased temperatures,which will affect the percentage of precipitation that falls as rain or snow, as well as the amount and timing of mountain snowpack (MET, 2025). Given these uncertainties, MET plans to continue implementing and expanding Colorado River conservation, storage, exchange, and transfer programs,while also supporting increased water recycling and system efficiency improvements within the Colorado River Basin. MET continues to evaluate additional transfer and conservation opportunities to further enhance regional supply reliability through the 2025 UWMP planning horizon. 6.2.3 State Water Project 6.2.3.1 Background The SWP consists of a series of pump stations, reservoirs, aqueducts, tunnels, and power plants operated by California Department of Water Resources (DWR) and is an integral part of the effort to ensure that business and industry, urban and suburban residents, and farmers throughout much of California have sufficient water.Water from the SWP originates at Lake Oroville, which is located on the Feather River in Northern California. Much of the SWP water supply passes through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta). The SWP is the largest state-built, multipurpose, user-financed water project in the United States. Nearly two-thirds of residents in California receive at least part of their water from the SWP,with approximately 70 percent of SWP's contracted water supply going to urban users and 30 percent to agricultural users. The primary purpose of the SWP is to divert and store water during wet periods in Northern and Central California and distribute it to areas of need in Northern California, the San Francisco Bay area, the San Joaquin Valley, the Central Coast, and Southern California (MET, 2025). The Delta is key to the SWP's ability to deliver water to its agricultural and urban contractors.All but five of the 29 SWP contractors receive water deliveries below the Delta (pumped via the Harvey O. Banks or Barker Slough pumping plants). However, the Delta faces many challenges concerning its long-term sustainability such as climate change posing a threat of increased variability in floods and droughts. Sea level rise complicates efforts in managing salinity levels and preserving water quality in the Delta to ensure a suitable water supply for urban and agricultural use. Furthermore, other challenges include continued subsidence of Delta islands, many of which are already below sea level, and the related threat of catastrophic levee failure as water pressure increases or following a major seismic event. In May 2019, DWR withdrew its permit for the two-tunnel WaterFix project in favor of a smaller one-tunnel project alternative. In July 2022, the draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for the recommended Delta Conveyance Project alternative was issued,with the project potentially operational CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO by 2045 (Delta Conveyance Design and Construction Authority, 2024), though its implementation faces strong opposition by environmental organizations and other interests in the Delta.The maximum value of the Delta Conveyance Project, when coupled with 250,000 AF of new regional storage, is estimated to be 367,000 AFY for MET and 63,000 AFY for Orange County.The Delta Conveyance Project also reduces the probability that any shortage occurs by about 10 percent, meaning a doubling of the time between shortage conditions from once every 5 years to once every decade (MWDOC, 2023). 6.2.3.2 Current Conditions and Supply Just like the Colorado River, the amount of water that can be delivered from the SWP to its 29 contractors varies annually based on hydrology and reservoir storage along the SWP. The DWR publishes the maximum entitlement of SWP water for each water contracting agency in "Table A." DWR sets these allocations to balance the needs for human health and safety, agricultural, and municipal water, considering factors like reservoir storage, runoff forecasts, and Endangered Species Act (ESA) requirements.The primary drivers that influence allocations are hydrologic conditions (precipitation and snowmelt) along with storage levels, especially in Lake Oroville.Actual deliveries typically average less than 50 percent of Table A due to hydrologic and regulatory constraints (MET, 2025). MET's actual annual allocations based on springtime Table A values for the past UWMP cycles are summarized in Table 6.3. Table 6.3 MET SWP Program Capabilities Year I Average Annual Table A Spring Allocation(MAF) 2015 10.38 2020 0.38 2025 0.96 Percent Change0) +252.6% Notes: (1) Percent change is between the years 2020 and 2025.Source:SWP Allocations 1996-2026. SWP contractors may additionally receive Article 21 water on a short-term basis in addition to Table A water if requested.Article 21 of SWP contracts allows contractors to receive additional water deliveries only under specific conditions, generally during wet months of the year (December through March). Because a SWP contractor must have an immediate use for Article 21 supply or a place to store it outside of the SWP, there are few contractors like MET that can access such supplies (MET, 2025). Carryover water is SWP water allocated to an SWP contractor and approved for delivery to the contractor in a given year but not used by the end of the year.The unused water is stored in the SWP's share of San Luis Reservoir, when space is available, for the contractor to use in the following year (MET, 2025). Turnback pool water is Table A water that has been allocated to SWP contractors who have exceeded their demands.This water can then be purchased by another contractor depending on its availability (MET, 2025). The following factors affect the ability to estimate existing and future water delivery reliability: ■ Water availability at the source:Availability can be highly variable and depends on the amount and timing of rain and snow that fall in any given year. Generally, during a single dry year or two, surface and groundwater storage can supply most water deliveries, but multiple dry years can result in CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO critically low water reserves. Fisheries issues can also restrict the operations of the export pumps even when water supplies are available. ■ Water rights with priority over the SWP:Water users with prior water rights are assigned higher priority in DWR's modeling of the SWP's water delivery reliability, even ahead of SWP Table A water. ■ Climate change: Mean temperatures are predicted to vary more significantly than previously expected.This change in climate is anticipated to bring warmer winter storms that result in less snowfall at lower elevations, reducing total snowpack. From historical data, DWR projects that by 20S0, the Sierra snowpack will be reduced from its historical average by 25 to 40 percent. Increased precipitation as rain could result in a larger number of"rain-on-snow" events, causing snow to melt earlier in the year and over fewer days than historically, affecting the availability of water for pumping by the SWP during summer. Furthermore,water quality may be adversely affected due to the anticipated increase in wildfires. Rising sea levels may result in potential pumping cutbacks on the SWP and CVP. DWR's recent planning documents and the Draft 202S DCR describe climate-adjusted "existing conditions" baselines and future scenarios used by agencies for UWMPs. ■ Regulatory restrictions on SWP Delta exports:The federal Biological Opinions (BiOps) protect special-status species such as delta smelt and spring- and winter-run Chinook salmon and imposed substantial constraints on Delta water supply operations through requirements for Delta inflow and outflow and export pumping restrictions. Restrictions on SWP operations imposed by state and federal agencies contribute substantially to the challenge of accurately determining the SWP's water delivery reliability in any given year(DWR, 2020b). ■ Ongoing environmental and policy planning efforts: Following the 2019 withdrawal of WaterFix, DWR certified the Delta Conveyance Project Final EIR and approved the Bethany alignment in December 2023, a key modernization initiative for the SWP. EcoRestore and related habitat efforts continue to advance. ■ Delta levee failure:The levees are vulnerable to failure because most original levees were simply built with soils dredged from nearby channels and were not engineered.A breach of one or more levees and island flooding could affect Delta water quality and SWP operations for several months. When islands are flooded, DWR may need to drastically decrease or even cease SWP Delta exports to evaluate damage caused by salinity in the Delta. It can be concluded that the federal regulatory framework affecting the Bay-Delta's ecosystem, species, and water supply are constantly evolving by adapting to new scientific information, changing climate conditions, and legal challenges. This dynamic and complex regulatory landscape, along with hydrologic and storage conditions along the SWP, continues to result in water supply uncertainties that impact all SWP contractors, including MET, MWDOC, and its member agencies (MET, 2025). 6.2.3.3 SWP Programs/Plans In the past five years, MET has updated and implemented planning, regulatory, infrastructure, and operational programs to improve the reliability of the SWP supplies while addressing environmental, seismic, and climate-related risks in the Delta and along the California Aqueduct. Key SWP programs and planning efforts include: ■ SWP Biological Opinions and California Incidental Take Permit- Updated federal BiOps and a California Incidental Take Permit issued in 2024 provide a new operating framework intended to CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO improve flexibility and species protection.The 2025 MET UWMP characterizes the net reliability benefit at approximately +60,000 AFY relative to prior permits, subject to hydrologic and regulatory conditions. ■ Healthy Rivers and Landscapes (HRL) Voluntary Agreements - MET supports the State's proposed Healthy Rivers and Landscapes program,which establishes a voluntary framework for improving Delta ecosystem conditions through coordinated flow contributions and habitat restoration projects.The HRL approach is intended to provide regulatory stability while supporting environmental objectives consistent with SWP operations. 6.2.4 Storage, Transfers, and Conveyance Programs Storage is a major component of MET's dry year resource management strategy. MET's likelihood of having adequate supply capability to meet projected demands, without implementing its Water Supply Allocation Plan (WSAP) depends on its storage resources. Following a significant drawdown during the 2020-2022 drought, MET rebuilt storage as hydrologic conditions improved. By the end of 2023, MET had approximately 3.4 MAF of regional dry-year storage. Storage increased to 3.8 MAF by the end of 2024, with levels projected to reach approximately 3.9 MAF by the end of 2025. MET also maintains approximately 750 thousand acre-feet (TAF) of emergency storage dedicated to catastrophic supply interruption conditions, including a major seismic failure of the Delta levees. In its 2025 UWMP, MET evaluates storage based on median starting storage at the beginning of each five-year increment, representing a 50 percent probability that actual storage will be higher or lower.This approach differs from earlier UWMPs, which relied on average storage assumptions, and provides a more conservative and realistic representation of storage availability. All storage capability values incorporate conveyance and recovery constraints associated with SWP terminal reservoirs,the CRA, and MET's in-region and out-of-region groundwater banking programs. Lake Oroville continues to serve as the SWP's largest storage facility with a capacity of approximately 3.5 MAF.Water released from Oroville moves to the Feather River and then to the Sacramento River before being pumped south at the Harvey O. Banks pumping plant into the California Aqueduct. MET's storage portfolio includes surface reservoirs such as Diamond Valley Lake, Lake Mathews, and Lake Skinner; SWP terminal storage in San Luis Reservoir; groundwater banking programs including Semitropic, Arvin-Edison, the High Desert Water Bank, Kern Delta, and Mojave; and ICS storage in Lake Mead. These storage assets provide operational flexibility during dry years and help maintain supplies during extended droughts or emergency events. MET endeavors to increase the reliability of water supplies through the development of flexible storage and transfer programs including groundwater storage (MET, 2025).These include: ■ Antelope Valley-East Kern (AVEK) Water Agency Exchange and Storage Program: Under the exchange program, for every 2 AF MET receives, MET returns 1 AF back to AVEK, and MET will also be able to store up to 30,000 AF in the AVEK's groundwater basin, with a dry-year return capability of 10,000 AF. ■ Arvin-Edison Storage Program:The storage program is estimated to deliver 75,000 AF, and the specific amount of water MET can expect to store in and subsequently receive from the program depends on hydrologic conditions and any regulatory requirements restricting MET's ability to export water for storage. During wet years, MET has the discretion to use the program to store portions of its CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO SWP supplies that are in excess, and during dry years. The Arvin-Edison Water Storage District returns MET's previously stored water to MET by direct groundwater pump-in or by exchange of surface water supplies. ■ Diamond Valley Lake to Rialto Pipeline: Planned for completion in 2028, this project creates new conveyance that improves the ability to move non-SWP supplies (120 cubic feet per second (cfs), including CRA and banked water) into areas historically dependent on SWP deliveries, increasing drought and seismic resilience. ■ High Desert Water Bank Program: Developed in partnership with AVEK, this regional groundwater banking program allows MET to store up to 280,000 AF of SWP Table A or other available supplies in the Antelope Valley groundwater basin. The program provides a put-and-take capability of up to approximately 70,000 AFY,with infrastructure including monitoring and production wells, California Aqueduct turnouts, pipelines, recharge basins, and pump facilities. Phase 1 became operational in 2023, with full build-out expected by approximately 2030. ■ Kern-Delta Water District Storage Program:This groundwater storage program has 250,000 AF of storage capacity, and water for storage can either be directly recharged into the groundwater basin or delivered to Kern-Delta Water District farmers in lieu of pumping groundwater. During dry years, the Kern-Delta Water District returns MET's previously stored water to MET by direct groundwater pump- in return or by exchange of surface water supplies. ■ Mojave Storage Program: MET entered into a groundwater banking and exchange transfer agreement with Mojave Water Agency that allows for the cumulative storage of up to 390,000 AF. The agreement allows for MET to store water in an exchange account for later return. ■ Richvale&Western Canal Water Transfers:These multi-year transfer options will provide supplemental dry-year supplies when available, with volumes up to approximately 54,000 AF (2025-2027). ■ San Bernardino Valley MWD Surplus SWP Program: Programmatic access to surplus SWP supplies (approximately 13 TAF)will be available from SBVMWD under certain hydrologic and operational conditions. ■ Semitropic Storage Program:The maximum storage capacity of the program is 350,000 AF, and the minimum and maximum annual yields available to MET are 34,700 AF and 236,200 AF, respectively. The specific amount of water MET can expect to store in and subsequently receive from the program depends on hydrologic conditions, any regulatory requirements restricting MET's ability to export water for storage and demands placed by other program participants. During wet years, MET has the discretion to use the program to store portions of its SWP supplies which are in excess, and during dry years, the Semitropic Water Storage District returns MET's previously stored water to MET by direct groundwater pump-in or by exchange of surface water supplies. ■ Sepulveda Feeder Pump Stations (Stage 1):This program includes pumping improvements that expand westward movement of CRA/SWP/banked supplies across service areas to address localized system constraints. Pumping capacity is expected to be 30 cfs upon completion of Stage 1 in 2027. ■ Yuba Accord Extension:This project is a continuation of an established dry-year transfer program from the Yuba watershed that can be accessed subject to hydrologic and regulatory conditions. As of 2025, the extension is under negotiation for approximately 250,000 AFY in supply. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 6.2.5 Potential Future Water Projects 6.2.5.1 Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water In February 2023, the MET's Board directed its staff to integrate water resources planning, climate resilience planning, and financial planning into a Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water(CAMP4W). Then a Joint Task Force of Board Members and Member Agency Managers was convened to facilitate the development of CAMP4W in a timely and transparent process.The main elements of CAMP4W include: 1. Identify climate and growth scenarios, building from analyses conducted for MET's Integrated Resources Plan (IRP). 2. Develop time-bound targets for new regional water supplies and system improvements. 3. Establish a framework for decision-making and annual reporting. 4. Form policies, initiatives, and partnerships. 5. Evaluate business models and funding strategies. Because investments for regional supply reliability and system resilience are significant, it is important that decisions are made through an adaptive management process to avoid the risks associated with over-investment or under-performance. Tracking signposts and progress towards time-bound targets is therefore critical for CAMP4W's annual reporting. Currently, regional projects being explored by MET include Pure Water Southern California, new reservoir storage in Southern California of up to 155,000 AFY, regional seawater desalination, and participation in California's Delta Conveyance Project.These projects will be scored against the following CAMP4W criteria: (1) reliability; (2) resilience; (3) financial; (4) adaptability/flexibility; (5) equity; and (6) environmental co-benefits. Pure Water Southern California - The potential Pure Water Southern California program, a partnership with the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County,would purify wastewater treatment effluent that currently flows to the ocean to produce high quality recycled water. The purified water would be delivered to Metropolitan's member agencies to meet their groundwater replenishment and storage requirements. It should be noted that the 2025 MET UWMP does not include Pure Water yield in projected supplies (MET, 2025). Sites Reservoir-This potential project includes a water storage reservoir of 1.5 MAF and would require the construction of two large dams up to 310 feet high and nine smaller saddle dams.The water stored in the reservoir, located north of Sacramento, would be diverted from the Sacramento River during high flow events and returned to the Sacramento River during dry and critical years, thereby providing additional dry-year water for environmental flows and project partners including SWP agencies south of the Delta. The current operations model estimates the annual water yield of the Sites Reservoir Project at approximately 270,000 AFY by 2032, when the Sites Reservoir Project is scheduled to be operational (MET, 2025). It should be noted that the 2025 MET UWMP does not include Sites Reservoir in projected supplies (MET, 2025). Delta Conveyance Project - Following DWR's withdrawal and subsequent termination of the California WaterFix project, the State advanced a new single-tunnel Delta Conveyance Project to address seismic risk, sea-level rise, extreme weather, and regulatory uncertainty while improving long-term SWP delivery reliability. The environmental review was completed in 2023 and DWR has approved the project. Potential yield used in planning analyses is on the order of approximately 400,000 AFY. It should be noted that the CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 2025 MET UWMP does not include Delta Conveyance Project yield in projected supplies pending future milestones and contracting decisions (MET, 2025). 6.2.6 Supply Reliability within MET MET's 2025 UWMP reports on its water reliability and identifies projected supplies to meet the long-term demand within its service area. The MET 2025 UWMP discusses the current water supply conditions and long-term plans for supply implementation and continued development of a diversified resource mix. It describes the programs being implemented, such as the CRA, SWP, Central Valley storage/transfer programs,water use efficiency programs, local resource projects, and in-region storage that will enable the region to meet its water supply needs. MET's 2025 UWMP also presents MET's supply capacities from 2025 through 2050 for average year, single dry year, five consecutive dry years, and more frequent and severe droughts, as specified in the UWMP Act. Information concerning MET's UWMP, including the background, associated challenges, and long-term development of programs for each of MET's supply sources and capacities have been summarized and included in the following subsections.Additional information on MET can be found directly in MET's 2025 UWMP. 6.2.6.1 MET's Water Service Reliability Assessment Results In MET's 2025 UWMP, MET evaluated supply reliability by projecting supply and demand under a normal year, single-dry year, and five-year consecutive dry years, based on conditions affecting the SWP (MET's largest and most variable supply). For this supply source, the average of historical years 1922-2021 most closely represents water supply conditions in a normal water year,the single driest year was 1977 and the five-year dry period was 1988-1992. The analyses also include Colorado River supplies under the same hydrological variations. MET also incorporated the SWP and Colorado River's reliability factors, such as water quality objectives set by the SWRCB, BiOps, and amendments to the Coordinated Operations Agreement for the SWP and Quantification Settlement Agreements for the Colorado River into their assessment. MET has concluded that the region can provide reliable water supplies under normal, single-dry, and five-year consecutive dry conditions (Tables 6.4, 6.5, and 6.6, respectively). In each of the following tables, "Current Programs" supplies include: ■ In-Region Supplies and Programs: Metropolitan Surface Storage (Diamond Valley Lake, Lake Mathews, Lake Skinner). » Flexible Storage in Castaic Lake and Perris Lake. Groundwater Storage for Conjunctive Use. ■ California Aqueduct (SWP), including Central Valley transfers and storage program supplies conveyed by the aqueduct. ■ Colorado River Aqueduct, including deliveries, programs, and exchanges with SDCWA. These supplies are impacted - typically reduced - by the single dry year and multiple dry year scenarios. Though demands increase in these drought conditions, MET projects reliable supply, even surplus, through 2050.The City is a MET member agency, and MET's projections take into account the imported CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO demands from Orange County.As so, MET's water reliability assessments are used to determine that demands within the City can be met for all three hydrological conditions. Table 6.4 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Normal Year Normal Year Supply Capability' and Projected Demands Average of 1922-2021 Hydrologies (acre-feet per year} FonwAsty"111MErr 2030 2036 2040 2045 2050 Current Programs In•Reagron Supplies and Programs 789.000 776,000 746,000 733,00,0 827.000 California Aqueduct` 1.723.000 1,694,000 1,6E8,000 1,641,000 1,541.000 Colorado River Aqueduct Total Supply Available' 1,334,700 1,358,200 1,336,000 1,323,500 1.345.500 Aqueduct Capacity Lirtlita 1-250.000 1.250.000 1,250.000 1,250,000 1,250.000 Colorado River Aqueduct Capability 1.250.000 1.250.000 1,250,000 1.250.000 1,250.000 Capability of Current Programs 3,762.000 3,720,000 3 66!000 3,624,000 3,718,000 De man ds I ota 13-e-hands on Metroz-io ittan '.225.000 1.238 C;00 1,266,000 1,285,000 1. 0C,0 Exc^ange v:t^ SL3,UP.1A 278.0110 2 8,000 278,000 278-000 278.0C10 Total Metropolitan Deliveries 1,503,000 1,516,000 1,W000 1,563,000 1,581,000 Surplus 2,259,000 2,204,000 2120 000 2,061,000 2,137,000 Programs Under Development In-Region Supplies and Programs 0 0 0 0 0 California Aqueduct 0 0 0 0 0 Colorado River Aqueduct Total Supply Available' 0 0 0 0 0 Aqueduct Capacity LkW14 .9 0 0 0 0 Colorado River Aqueduct Capability 0 0 0 0 0 Capability of Proposed Programs 0 0 0 0 0 Potential Surplus 2,259,000 2 204000 2120 000 2,061,000 Z137,000 Notes: 1. Represents Supply Capability for resource programs under listed year type. 2. California Aqueduct includes Central Valley transfers and storage program supplies conveyed by the aqueduct. 3. Colorado River Aqueduct includes programs and Exchange with S'DCWAconveyed by the aqueduct_ 4. Maximum CRA deliveries limited to 1.25 MAF including Exchange with SOCWA. 5. Total demands are adjusted to include Exchange with SDCWA. CITY OF SANTA ANA 6-18 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 6.5 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Single Dry Year Single Dry Year Supply Capability' and Projected Demands Repeat of 1977 Hydrology (acre-feet per year) Current Programs In-Region Supplies and Programs 789,000 776,000 746.000 733.000 827,000 California Aqueduct' 662.000 649,000 635.000 622,000 622,000 Colorado River Aqueduct Total Supply Available' 1,334,700 1.358,200 1.336.000 1,411,000 1,433,000 Aqueduct Capacity Lmet° 1,2511Of10 1,250.000 1.250,000 1-250_000 1,250,000 Colorado Fiver Aqueduct Capability 1,250,000 1.250,000 1.250.000 1.250,000 1.250,000 Capability of Current PrograrnS 2,701,000 2,675,000 2,631,000 2,605,000 2,699,000 Demands Total Derrands on Metropolitan 1,356,000 1.:375,000 1.401.000 1,419,000 1.436.000 Exchan e with SDCWA 278.000 278.000 278.000 278.000 278,000 Total Metropolitan Delivcrics' 11,634,000 1,653,000 1,679,000 1.697.000 1,714,000 Surplus 1,067,000 1.022-000 952.000 908,000 985000 Programs Under Development In-Region Supplies and Programs 0 0 i s 0 California Aqueduct 0 0 C C 0 Colorado River Aqueduct Total Supply Available' 0 0 C 0 0 Aqueduct Capacity Lmet' 0 0 0 0 Colorado River Aqueduct Ca abi its+ 0 0 0 0 0 Capability of Proposed Programs 0 0 0 0 0 Potential Surplus 1,067,000 1,C22 C00 952,000 908,000 985,000 Notes: 1. Represents Supply Capability for resource programs under listed yeartype. 2. California Aq ueduct includes Central Valley transfers and storage program supplies conveyed by the aqueduct_ 3. Colorado River Aqueduct includes programs and Exchange with SDC4YA conveyed by the aqueduct. 4. Maximum CRA deliveries limited to 1.25 MAF including Exchange with SDCWA. 5. Total demands are adjusted to include Exchange with SDCWA_ CITY OF SANTA ANA 6-19 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 6.6 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Drought(Five Consecutive Water Years) Drought Lasting Five Consecutive Years Supply Capability' and Projected Demands Repeat of 1988-1992 Hydrology (acre-feet per year) 0• Current Pro rams In-Region Supplies and Programs 160.000 156.000 149,000 146,000 165,000 California Aqueduct' 733.200 720.400 890,400 660,400 579,400 Colorado River Aqueduct Total Supply Available' 1.189.200 1.241.700 1.204.500 1,197,000 1,245,500 Aqueduct Capacity Lime 1,250,000 1.250,0W 1.250.OW 1,250,000 1,250,000 Colorado River Aqueduct Capability 1.189.200 1.241 700 1,204.500 1 107 MO 1,245 500 Capability of Current Program 2,082.400 7,119,100 2,043,900 2,003AN 1,989,900 Demands Total Demands on Metropolitan 1,324,000 1,390,000 1,411,000 1,434,M0 1,453,000 Exchanq a wilh SDCWA 278,00t} 27a,000 278,000 278,000 278,000 Total Metropolitan Deliveries' 1AD2,000 1 66fi 000 1 U9 00 1 712,HD 1,731,000 Surplus 480AGO 450100 354.900 291.400 258,900 Programs Under Development In-Region Supplies and Programs Cl 0 0 0 0 California Aqueduct 0 0 0 0 0 Colorado River Aqueduct Total Supply Available' 0 0 0 0 0 Aqueduct Capacity L fM4 60,800 8.300 45,500 53.000 4.500 Colorado River Aqueduct Capability 0 0 0 0 0 Capability of Proposed Programs 0 0 0 0 0 Potential Surplus 480 480100 354.900 291,400 258.900 Notes_ 1. Represents Supply Capability far resource programs under I isted year type. 2. California Aqueduct includes Central Valley transfers and storage program supplies conveyed by the aqueduct. 3. Colorado River Aqueduct includes programs and Exchange with SDCWA conveyed by the aqueduct- 4. Maximum CRA deliveries limited to 1.25 MAF including Exchange with SDCWA. 5. Total demands are adjusted to include Exchange with SDCWA. 6.2.6.2 MET's Drought Risk Assessment Results For its Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), MET assessed the reliability of each individual water supply source over the five-consecutive-year drought through a modeling method using the same historical hydrologic conditions as the water service reliability assessment: 1922 to 2021. MET used the five consecutive years of 1988 to 1992 to complete its DRA, because this represents the driest five-consecutive year historical sequence for MET's supply. The results indicate that MET's SWP and CRA supplies alone cannot meet demands during this five-year drought period without additional actions. MET's 2025 UWMP therefore CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO identifies Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) actions as necessary tools to close the deficit and maintain service through the modeled drought sequence. Supply augmentation is anticipated to provide the additional water needed to meet projected demands without requiring demand reduction actions, as shown in Table 6.7. Supply augmentation actions are comprised of MET's portfolio of water storage reserves and flexible supply sources that are available on an as-needed basis, such as water from its storage facilities and from transfer and exchange programs.Therefore, MET's water supply from the SWP and CRA combined with supply augmentation strategies can reliably meet the demands of a five-year drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30 (Table 6.7). Table 6.7 MET's Water Use, Supply, and Drought Risk Assessment for 2026-2030 Metropolitan's Drought Risk Assessment Water Use,Supply,and Risk Assessment for 2026—2030 also included as A endix 11 DWR Submittal Table 7-5 Submittal Table 7-5 Wholesale:Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Water Code Section 0. 2026 Total Total Water Use (AF) 1,511,000 Total Su lies (AF)1 973,000 Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (538,000) OPTIONAL WSCP-su I augmentation benefit (AF) 538,000 WSCP-use reduction savings benefit (AF) 0 Revised Surplus/(shortfall)l 0 2027 Total Total Water Use (AF) 1,633,000 Total Supplies (AF) 2,267,000 Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Actionj 634,000 OPTIONAL WSCP-su I augmentation benefit (AF) 1 0 WSCP-use reduction savings benefit (AF)1 0 Revised Surplus/(shortfall)l 634,000 2028 Total Total Water Use (AF) 1,714,000 Total Su lies (AF) 1,169,000 Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (545,000) OPTIONAL WSCP-su I augmentation be�F 545,000 WSCP-use reduction savings benefit (AF) 0 Revised Surplus/(shortfall)l 0 2029 Total Total Water Use (AF) 1 1,561,000 Total Su lies (AF)1 1,197,000 Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (364,000) OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions(use reduction and supply augmentation) WSCP-su I augmentation benefit (AF) 1 364,000 WSCP-use reduction savings benefit (AF)1 0 Revised Surplus/(shortfall)l 0 2030 Total Total Water Use (AF) 1 1,588,000 Total Su lies (AF)1 1,301,000 Surplus/Shortfallw/oWSCPAction (287,000) OPTIONAL WSCP-su I augmentationbenefit (AF) 287,000 WSCP-use reduction savings benefit (AF) Revised Sur lus/(shortfall) 0 DWR NOTES:Units of measure(AF,CCF,MG)must remain consistent throughout the NOTES: Totals may not foot due to rounding. See 2025 UWMP discussion in Chapter 2.4 Drought Risk Assessment regarding the supply augmentation actions that may be exercised to meet demands through 2030. CITY OF SANTA ANA 6-21 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 6.3 Local Groundwater Among all local supplies available to the City's service area, groundwater supplies make up the majority, with the primary supply from the OC Basin. The water supply resources within the City's service area are enhanced by the existence of groundwater basins,which provide a reliable local source and, additionally, are used as reservoirs to store water during wet years and draw from storage during dry years. The City operates 21 groundwater wells with 11 currently in service. Construction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) treatment facilities at several wells is ongoing and the wells will be returned to service after construction is complete. One well is currently being rehabilitated and should return to service by spring 2026. Five wells are currently offline but are planned to be brought back into service in the future. Table 6.8 shows a breakdown of historical groundwater production by the City. This section describes the groundwater basin(s) used by the City and provides a 25-year projection of the service area's groundwater supply. Table 6.8 Groundwater Pumped in the Past Five Years within the City's Service Area Submittal Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped Water Code Section 0. i . 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Groundwater Type Location or Basin Name (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) Alluvial Basin Orange County Groundwater Basin 26,081 25,259 22,557 26,651 28,615 Total 26,081 25,259 22,557 26,651 28,615 NOTES: Source-MWDOC,2025 I ' Orange County Groundwater Bas4 This section describes the OC Basin and the management measures taken by OCWD, the basin manager and member agency of MWDOC, to optimize local supply and minimize overdraft. The OCWD was formed in 1933 by a special legislative act of the California State Legislature to protect and manage the County's vast, natural, groundwater supply using the best available technology and defend its water rights to the OC Basin.This legislation is found in the State of California Statutes, Water- Uncodified Acts,Act 5683, as amended. The OC Basin is managed by OCWD under the Act,which functions as a statutorily-imposed physical solution. The OCWD Management Area includes approximately 89 percent of the land area of the OC Basin, and 98 percent of all groundwater production occurs within the area.Approximately 2.5 million residents live within OCWD's boundaries and rely upon the basin for their primary water supply. OCWD manages water resource monitoring programs, land use elements related to basin management, groundwater elevation, groundwater quality, and coastal area monitoring through a number of monitoring programs. OCWD monitors the basin by collecting groundwater elevation and quality data from approximately 400 OCWD-owned wells and manages an electronic database that stores water elevation,water quality, production, recharge, and other data on over 2,000 wells and facilities within and outside OCWD boundaries (OCWD, 2023). For detailed monitoring programs and management information, refer to the 2022 Basin 8-1 Alternative Plan (Appendix Q. Groundwater levels are managed within a safe basin operating range to protect the long-term sustainability of the OC Basin and to protect against land subsidence. OCWD, a member of agency of CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO MWDOC, purchases untreated water from MET for basin recharge, as needed. In addition, OCWD regulates groundwater levels in the OC Basin by regulating the annual amount of pumping and setting the BPP for the water year.As defined in the District Act, the BPP is the ratio of water produced from groundwater supplies within the OCWD service area to all water produced within the area from both supplemental sources and groundwater within the OCWD (OCWD, 2020a). More information regarding the BPP is discussed in Section 6.3.1.3. 6.3.1.1 Basin Characteristics The OC Basin underlies the northern half of Orange County beneath broad lowlands. The OC Basin, managed by OCWD, covers an area of approximately 350 square miles, bordered by the Coyote and Chino Hills to the north, the Santa Ana Mountains to the northeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest.The OC Basin boundary extends to the Orange County-Los Angeles Line to the northwest, where groundwater flows across the county line into the Central Groundwater Basin of Los Angeles County.A map of the OC Basin is shown on Figure 6.4. The total thickness of sedimentary rocks in the OC Basin is over 20,000 feet, with only the upper 2,000 to 4,000 feet containing fresh water.The OC Basin's full volume is approximately 66 MAF. There are three major aquifer systems that have been subdivided by OCWD, the Shallow Aquifer System, the Principal Aquifer System, and the Deep Aquifer System.These three aquifer systems are hydraulically connected as groundwater is able to flow between each other through intervening aquitards or discontinuities in the aquitards. The Shallow Aquifer system occurs from the surface to approximately 250 feet below ground surface. Most of the groundwater from this aquifer system is pumped by small water systems for industrial and agricultural use. The Principal Aquifer system occurs at depths between 200 and 1,300 feet below ground surface. Over 90 percent of groundwater production is from wells that are screened within the Principal Aquifer system. Only a minor amount of groundwater is pumped from the Deep Aquifer system, which underlies the Principal Aquifer system and is up to 2,000 feet deep in the center of the OC Basin. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO ar r to t Ida6ra '8r8a - }: g� 4' 6 T C E. Sfe+t"'A F�: f Alamitos BaFrIF Mid-Basin In'"ion Taibort ° 4. ta� Forest { 5-,_rcc,5 Cori 17s3s ti N ■ n�ponWei ':4y DUMMr-"(ODRM) DVVR Basin 8-1 Groundwater OL98�8u Ta7a YYeLer Reclwge F&Mb.r Z9crrt sen e�naar Management Areas T FaW[,.•NavQl..In�enmdsy�sn 1� 9 10,011¢ 30.094 1 I dal Firmd P7n94 C°wny G.mandwraic�8asn& 1l '�2P17J 6wmmm6==JFeel Figure 6.4 Map of the OC Basin(OCWD,2022) CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 6.3.1.2 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act In 2014, the State of California adopted the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) to help manage its groundwater sustainably and limit adverse effects such as significant groundwater-level declines, land subsidence, and water quality degradation. SGMA requires all high- and medium-priority basins, as designated by DWR, be sustainably managed. DWR designated the Coastal Plain of OC Basin as a medium-priority basin, primarily due to heavy reliance on the OC Basin's groundwater as a source of water supply. Compliance with SGMA can be achieved in one of the following two ways (OCWD, 2023): 1. A Groundwater Sustainability Agency (GSA) is formed, and a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) is adopted. 2. Special Act Districts created by statute, such as OCWD, and other agencies may prepare and submit an Alternative to a GSP. The agencies within Basin 8-1, OCWD and La Habra, collaborated to submit the original Alternative to a GSP in 2017, titled the "Basin 8-1 Alternative"to meet SGMA compliance. Under SGMA, alternatives must undergo periodic review and updating at five-year intervals, analogous to GSP updates. OCWD prepared its first such periodic update, the 2022 update to the Basin 8-1 Alternative, and submitted it around January 2022. 6.3.1.3 Basin Production Percentage Background The OC Basin is not adjudicated and as such, pumping from the OC Basin is managed through a process that uses financial incentives to encourage groundwater producers to pump a sustainable amount of water.The framework for the financial incentives is based on establishing the BPP, the percentage of each Producer's total water supply that comes from groundwater pumped from the OC Basin. Groundwater production at or below the BPP is assessed by the Replenishment Assessment (RA).While there is no legal limit as to how much an agency pumps from the OC Basin,there is a financial disincentive to pump above the BPP.The BPP is set uniformly for all Producers by OCWD on an annual basis.Agencies that pump above the BPP are charged the RA plus the Basin Equity Assessment (BEA).The BEA is typically calculated so that the cost of groundwater production is equivalent to the cost of importing potable water supplies. This approach serves to discourage, but not eliminate, production above the BPP, and the BEA can be increased to discourage production above the BPP if necessary. The BPP is set based on groundwater conditions, availability of imported water supplies, and basin management objectives. The supplies available for recharge must be estimated for a given year. The supplies of recharge water that are estimated are: (1) Santa Ana River stormflow; (2) natural incidental recharge; (3) Santa Ana River baseflow; (4) GWRS supplies; and (5) other supplies such as imported water and recycled water purchased for the Alamitos Barrier.The BPP is a major factor in determining the cost of groundwater production from the OC Basin for that year. For the 2025-26 water year, OCWD is set to maintain a BPP of 85 percent. Under normal hydrologic conditions, groundwater production could reach approximately 315,000 AFY; however, OCWD anticipates groundwater production during 2025-26 will be approximately 297,000 AFY due to PFAS related impacts that continue to limit well availability across several producers. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO BPP Adjustments for Basin Management OCWD has established management guidelines that are used to establish future BPPs, as seen in Table 6.9. Raising or lowering the BPP allows OCWD to manage the amount of pumping from the basin. OCWD has a policy to manage the groundwater basin within a sustainable range to avoid adverse impacts to the basin. OCWD seeks to maintain some available storage space in the basin to maximize surface water recharge when such supplies are available, especially in relatively wet years. By keeping the basin relatively full during wet years, and for as long as possible in years with near-normal recharge, the maximum amount of groundwater could be maintained in storage to support pumping in future drought conditions. During dry hydrologic years, when less water is available for recharge, the BPP could be lowered to maintain groundwater storage levels.A component of OCWD's BPP policy is to manage the groundwater basin so that the BPP will not fluctuate more than 5 percent from year to year. Table 6.9 Management Actions Based on Changes in Groundwater Storage Available Storage Space Basin Management Action to Consider (amount below full basin condition,AF) Less than 100,000 Raise BPP 100,000 to 300,000 Maintain and/or raise BPP towards 85%goal 300,000 to 350,000 Seek additional supplies to refill basin and/or lower the BPP Greater than 350,000 Seek additional supplies to refill basin and lower the BPP The OCWD's GWRS came online in 2008 with a capacity of approximately 70 million gallons per day (mgd) and was expanded to 100 mgd in 2015. In 2023, it was expanded again to a final capacity of 130 mgd.The GWRS provides a resilient local water supply that recharges the Orange County groundwater basin with advanced treated wastewater. The additional yield supported OCWD's move to raise the BPP from the long-standing approximately 77 percent level prior to 2023 to 85 percent beginning in February 2023. Monthly water-resources reports show agencies achieving 86 to 88 percent pumping shares after the final expansion from late 2024 to early 2025, reflecting how GWRS production has enabled higher local reliance over the last decade, along with the relatively low water demands of approximately 400,000 AFY. Modeling and forecasts generate estimates based on historical averages. Consequently, forecasts use average hydrologic conditions,which smooth the dynamic and unpredictable local hydrology.Variations in local hydrology are the most significant impact to supplies of water available to recharge the groundwater basin. The current BPP of 85 percent is based on modeling of average annual rainfall weather patterns and estimated groundwater recharge volumes. If OCWD were to experience a relatively dry period, the BPP could be reduced to maintain water storage levels, by as much as 5 percent. Basin Equity Assessment Exemptions In some cases, OCWD encourages treating and pumping groundwater that does not meet drinking water standards in order to protect water quality. This is achieved by using a financial incentive called the BEA Exemption.A BEA Exemption is used to promote beneficial uses of poor-quality groundwater and reduce or prevent the spread of poor-quality groundwater into non-degraded aquifer zones. OCWD uses a partial or total exemption of the BEA to compensate a qualified participating agency or Producer for the costs of treating poor quality groundwater, which typically include capital, interest and operations and maintenance costs for treatment facilities (City of La Habra et al., 2017). Similarly, for proactive water quality management, OCWD exempts a portion of the BEA for their Coastal Pumping Transfer Program CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO (CPTP). The CPTP encourages inland groundwater producers to increase pumping and coastal producers to decrease pumping to reduce the groundwater basin drawdown at the coast and protect against seawater intrusion. Inland pumpers can pump above the BPP without having to pay the full BEA for the amount pumped above the BPP (OCWD, 2015). Coastal pumpers receive BEA revenue from OCWD to assist in offsetting their additional water supply cost from taking less groundwater. OCWD Groundwater Reliability Plan To adapt to the substantial growth in water demands in OCWD's management area, it is paramount to anticipate and understand future water demands and develop projects to increase future water supplies proactively to match demands.The Groundwater Reliability Plan (GRP) is a continuation of these planning efforts that estimates the OC Basin's sustainable average annual production and extrapolates water needs of the OC Basin by combining recently completed water demand projections, and modeling of Santa Ana River flows available for recharge.These data will be used to evaluate future water supply projects and guide management of the OC Basin. The OC Basin is unadjudicated and is therefore subject to implementation of a GSP. DWR approved an alternative to a GSP for the OC Basin. The alternative plan was submitted to DWR to meet requirements of the SGMA and demonstrate how water managers have already achieved or will achieve sustainable groundwater management. DWR received 15 alternative plans and 9 were approved.The alternative report that was approved by DWR, entitled "Basin 8-1 Alternative," was prepared in collaboration with the City of La Habra and Irvine Ranch Water District. OCWD has an adopted Groundwater Management Plan but elected to create a new report in a format that mirrors a GSP,which is required under SGMA. Current water demand projections show a relatively slow increase over the 25-year planning horizon, which is generally of similar magnitude as the additional production from the GWRS since its final expansion in early 2023 to 130 mgd. This locally controlled, drought proof supply of water reduces the region's dependence on imported water. Historically,the Santa Ana River has served as the primary source of water to recharge the OC Basin.To determine the availability of future Santa Ana River flows, OCWD utilized surface water flow modeling of the upper watershed. Modeling was developed to predict the impacts future stormwater capture and wastewater recycling projects in the upper watershed would have on future Santa Ana River flow rates at Prado Dam. Santa Ana River base flows are expected to decrease as more water recycling projects are built in the upper watershed. OCWD continues to work closely with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to temporarily impound and slowly release up to approximately 20,000 AF of stormwater in the Prado Dam Conservation Pool.To some extent, the losses in baseflow are partially offset through the capture of additional stormwater held in the Prado Dam Conservation Pool.When available, OCWD will continue to augment groundwater recharge through the purchase of imported water through MET. OCWD will diligently monitor and evaluate future water supply projects to sustainably manage and protect the OC Basin for future generations. Specifically, in April 2021 USACE modified the Interim Water Control Manual change to allow 505 feet year-round,formalizing the higher pool and associated release operations used for conservation. And in February 2025, the USACE approved a new minor deviation permitting temporary storage up to elevation 508 feet, with potential future increases evaluated to 510 to 512 feet, enabling capture of roughly 2 billion gallons more stormwater and corresponding managed release rates tailored to OCWD's recharge capacity. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO OCWD Engineer's Report The OCWD Engineer's Report documents groundwater conditions and evaluates water supply and basin utilization within OCWD's service area. The most recent report is the 2023-24 Engineer's Report released in February 2025.As reported, the BPP for the 2023-24 water year was established at 85 percent by the OCWD Board of Directors.The overall BPP achieved within OCWD for non-irrigation use was 83.8 percent, with the reduced achievement attributed primarily to PFAS-related well shutdowns. Groundwater stored in the basin increased by 56,000 AF for the 2023-24 water year, and the annual overdraft was 52,800 AF, which reflects the amount by which natural replenishment was exceeded. The increase in storage was supported by total groundwater recharge of 336,421 AF, including significant contributions from supplemental water and the GWRS. For the 2025-26 water year, OCWD is proposing to maintain a BPP of 85 percent. Under normal hydrologic conditions, groundwater production could reach approximately 315,000 AF; however, OCWD anticipates groundwater production during 2025-26 will be approximately 297,000 AF due to PFAS-related impacts that continue to limit well availability across several producers. It is estimated that approximately 8,000 AF of additional production above the BPP will be undertaken by the City of Tustin, City of Huntington Beach, Mesa Water District, and Irvine Ranch Water District to support groundwater quality improvement projects.As in prior years, groundwater produced above the BPP for these water-quality projects will be partially or fully exempt from the BEA due to the basin-wide benefit of pumping and treating poor-quality groundwater. During the 2023-24 water year, MET untreated full-service water supplies were available for groundwater replenishment; however, OCWD did not purchase replenishment water due to favorable basin storage conditions. OCWD likewise does not plan to purchase untreated full-service water for replenishment in 2025-26. 6.3.1.4 Recharge Management Recharging water into the OC Basin through natural and artificial means is essential to support pumping from the OC Basin. Recharge of groundwater began in 1949, in response to increasing drawdown of the OC Basin and, consequently, the threat of seawater intrusion.The OC Basin's primary source of recharge is supplied from the Santa Ana River, which is diverted into recharge basins and its main Orange County tributary, Santiago Creek. Other sources of recharge water include natural infiltration, recycled water, and imported water. Natural recharge consists of subsurface inflow from local hills and mountains, infiltration of precipitation and irrigation water, recharge in small flood control channels, and groundwater underflow to and from Los Angeles County and the ocean. Recycled water for OC Basin recharge is from two sources.The main source is the GWRS,which completed its final expansion in 2023 and now produces up to 130 mgd of advanced-purified water for recharge at the Talbert Seawater Barrier and in the Kraemer, Miller, Miraloma, and La Palma basins.The second source is recycled water purified at the Water Replenishment District of Southern California's (WRD) Leo J.Vander Lans Advanced Water Treatment Facility (LVL), which provides up to 8 mgd for injection at the Alamitos Seawater Barrier (owned and operated by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works). In recent years,WRD's upgrades and operations have increased the use of recycled water at the Alamitos Barrier and reduced reliance on imported supplies. Injection of recycled water into these barriers is an ongoing CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO effort by OCWD (in coordination with WRD and Los Angeles County) to control seawater intrusion into the OC Basin; operation of the injection wells forms a hydraulic barrier to seawater intrusion. OCWD also purchases imported water for recharge through MWDOC. Untreated imported water can be used to recharge the OC Basin through the surface recharge system at multiple locations, such as Anaheim Lake, the Santa Ana River, Irvine Lake, and San Antonio Creek, while treated imported water may be used for in-lieu recharge when appropriate. For current planning context and detailed recharge management strategies, refer to OCWD's most recent planning documents, including the 2024 OCWD Resilience Plan, in addition to prior foundational documents (Appendix D). 6.3.1.5 MET Imported Water for Groundwater Replenishment In the past, OCWD, MWDOC, and MET have coordinated water management to increase storage in the OC Basin when imported supplies are available for this purpose. MET's groundwater replenishment program was discontinued on January 1, 2013, and currently MET via MWDOC sells replenishment water to OCWD at the full-service untreated MET rate. Figure 6.5 shows MWDOC's imported water sales to OCWD since FY 1990-91, which averages approximately 27,888 AF per year. In three of the past five water years, OCWD has not needed to purchase more imported groundwater replenishment water. 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 CL 40,000 3o,00a 20,000 10,00a �1 cv M u-� cp rr m m o cN an d LD cn r. X m o c-a M d as W r. X m o cV M -:? ,ra as qt m rn ar T m m 4 g R G 4 4 g 9 4 9 r' r Y c; Cr cv Cv n cv o N cS tt u7 c4 r-- a] M o N cO st 0 0 r-- W d) cq �-a d M T M M M M M M M M C? C? C? CS C? CZ C? CS CJ C? C> 0 C3 C3 C3 D N tJ N N C3 rn aD m rn m rn m rn o� rn o 0 o e� o 0 0 o N o 0 o ea o o © o © o o €� a o 0 0 cv cv c� " " N cv cN cN cv cv cN cN c� Fiscal Year ■Imported Groundwater Recharge/Barrier Deliveries ■Imported Cyclic Storage Deliveries Figure 6.5 MWDOC Imported Water Sales for Groundwater Replenishment Planned P-t!o rs, reedaesatI _ ourr®rz On a regional scale, OCWD regularly evaluates potential projects and conducts studies to review the feasibility of new projects or sources. Groundwater basin-related projects that are planned or in progress are described below: CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations (FIRO) at Prado Dam - Stormwater represents a significant source of water used by OCWD to recharge the OC Basin. Much of this recharge is made possible by the capture of Santa Ana River stormflows behind Prado Dam in the Conservation Pool. FIRO represents the next generation of operating water reservoirs using the best available technology.Advances in weather and stormwater runoff forecasting hold promise to allow USACE to safely impound more stormwater while maintaining equivalent flood risk management capability behind Prado Dam.Analyses indicate that FIRO would increase average annual recharge by approximately 4,000 to 6,000 AFY, and up to 23,000 AF in very wet years, consistent with earlier preliminary analyses. Federal and local partners have indicated FIRO at Prado Dam is moving from technical assessment toward implementation via Water Control Manual (WCM) updates. 6.4 Surface Water 6.4.1 Existing Surface Water Sources There are, currently, no direct surface water uses in the City's service area. 6.4.2 Planned Future Surface Water Source: As of 2025, there are no planned surface water uses in the City's service area. 6.5 Stormwater 6.5.1 Existing Stormwater Sources There are, currently, no direct stormwater uses in the City's service area. 6.5.2 Planned Future Stormwater Sources The City is implementing a multi-benefit stormwater capture and reuse project on approximately 1.3 acres of vacant, City-owned parcels located along Bristol Street and Tolliver Street.This collaborative effort between the Public Works Agency and the Parks and Recreation Department integrates urban greening with innovative water management practices to support the development of a new city park.The project is funded through a $3,502,500 grant from the California Natural Resources Agency's Urban Greening Grant Program, exemplifying the City's strategic use of urban greening and drought-tolerant landscaping funds to advance stormwater management and water reuse objectives. Stormwater best management practices are designed to capture and treat or reuse runoff from a 5.2-acre drainage area. Due to site constraints, infiltration is not feasible; instead, captured runoff will be stored and reused for the park's drip irrigation system, providing a sustainable water source for landscape maintenance and supporting regional water conservation goals.The designed volume captured for the bioretention basin is 2,940 cubic feet (approximately 22,000 gallons) and the harvest/reuse system is 3,015 cubic feet (approximately 22,500 gallons). As a pilot initiative, the Bristol &Tolliver project will serve as a test case for evaluating the feasibility and performance of stormwater reuse for irrigation within the City's park system. Upon completion, the CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO project will enhance local green space, improve water quality, and advance the City's long-term goals for integrated urban water management and climate resilience. .6 Wastewater and Recycled Water The City is directly involved in wastewater services through its ownership and operation of the wastewater collection system in its service area. However, the City does not own or operate wastewater treatment facilities. The sewer system service area includes approximately 392 miles of sewer main.The wastewater system serves about 335,605 customers (City of Santa Ana, 2016). For additional details on the City's wastewater services, refer to the 2016 City of Santa Ana Sewer Master Plan. Recycled water is wastewater that is treated through primary, secondary, and tertiary processes and is acceptable for most non-potable water purposes such as irrigation, and commercial and industrial process water per Title 22 requirements. Recycled water opportunities have continued to grow in Southern California as public acceptance and the need to expand local water resources continues to be a priority. Recycled water also provides a degree of flexibility and added reliability during drought conditions when imported water supplies are restricted.The City is indirectly involved in recycled water production, through its supply of wastewater for indirect potable reuse (IPR).The following sections expand on the existing agency collaboration involved in these efforts as well as the City's projected recycled water use over the next 25 years. Agency Coordination The City does not own or operate wastewater treatment facilities and sends all collected wastewater to OC San for treatment and disposal. OC San provides treated water to OCWD,the manager of the OC Basin. OCWD is the manager of the OC Basin and strives to maintain and increase the reliability of the OC Basin through replenishment with imported water, stormwater, and advanced treated wastewater. A full description of the OC Basin is available in Section 6.3.1. OCWD and OC San havejointly constructed and expanded two water recycling projects to meet this goal that include: (1) OCWD Green Acres Project (GAP); and (2) OCWD GWRS. 6.6.1.1 Orange County Sanitation District OC San collects wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial customers in 21 cities, 3 special districts, and portions of unincorporated Orange County, totaling 479 square miles that serves more than 2.5 million residents in north and central Orange County.These flows include dry weather urban runoff collected from 15 diversion points and discharged into the sewer system for treatment and Santa Ana River Interceptor flows from the upper Santa Ana watershed (OCWD, 2023). OC San operates and maintains two treatment plants: Reclamation Plant No. 1 located in Fountain Valley, with a capacity of 320 mgd, and Reclamation Plant No. 2 located in Huntington Beach, with a capacity of 312 mgd. OC San also operates 572 miles of collection system pipelines along with 15 offsite pump stations.Approximately 150 mgd of secondary effluent undergoes advanced treatment at the GWRS facility operated by the OCWD and 7 mgd undergoes tertiary treatment at OCWD's GAP facility.Treated wastewater is discharged to the Pacific Ocean via an ocean outfall in compliance with state and federal requirements as set forth in OC San's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO OC San's ocean outfall is 120-inch diameter and extends four miles off the coast of Huntington Beach.A 78-inch diameter emergency outfall also exists that extends 1.3 miles off the coast. OC San Reclamation Plant No. 1 - Reclamation Plant No. 1 treats raw wastewater and has a maximum treatment capacity of 320 mgd. The plant provides primary and secondary treatment and supplies secondary effluent to OCWD for further tertiary treatment at their GAP facility and advanced treatment at their GWRS. Reclamation Plant No. 1 is the only plant that provides water to OCWD for additional treatment and recycling.An interplant pipeline allows flows to be conveyed to Treatment Plant No. 2. OC San Treatment Plant No. 2 - Treatment Plant No. 2 provides primary and secondary treatment to raw wastewater and has a maximum treatment capacity of 312 mgd. All secondary effluent from their plant is discharged to the ocean through the ocean outfall. 6.6.1.2 Orange County Water District OCWD is the manager of the OC Basin,which provides water to 19 municipal water agencies and special districts.A full description of the OC Basin is available in Section 6.3.1. OCWD and OC San have jointly constructed and expanded two water recycling projects that include: (1) OCWD GAP; and (2) OCWD GWRS. OCWD GAP OCWD owns and operates the GAP, a water recycling system that provides up to 8,400 AFY of recycled water for irrigation and industrial uses. GAP provides an alternate source of water that is mainly delivered to parks, golf courses, greenbelts, cemeteries, and nurseries in the cities of Costa Mesa, Fountain Valley, Newport Beach, and Santa Ana. Approximately 100 customer sites use GAP water, and current recycled water users include Mile Square Park and Golf Courses in Fountain Valley, Costa Mesa Country Club, Chroma Systems carpet dyeing, Kaiser Permanente, and Caltrans. OCWD GWRS OCWD's GWRS allows southern California to decrease its dependency on imported water and creates a local and reliable source of water. OCWD's GWRS purifies secondary treated wastewater from OC San to levels that meet and exceed all state and federal drinking water standards.The GWRS Phase 1 plant has been operational since January 2008 and uses a three-step advanced treatment process consisting of microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet light with hydrogen peroxide.A portion of the treated water is injected into the seawater barrier to prevent seawater intrusion into the groundwater basin.The other portion of the water is pumped to ponds where the water percolates into deep aquifers and becomes part of Orange County's water supply.The treatment process is described on OCWD's website. (OCWD, GWRS, 2020). The GWRS first began operating in 2008 producing 70 mgd and in 2015, it underwent a 30-mgd expansion.Approximately 39,200 AFY of the highly purified water is pumped into the injection wells and 72,900 AFY is pumped to the percolation ponds in the City of Anaheim where the water is naturally filtered through sand and gravel to deep aquifers of the groundwater basin. The OC Basin provides approximately 77 percent of the potable water supply for north and central Orange County.The design and construction of the first phase (78,500 AFY) of the GWRS project was jointly funded by OCWD and OC San; Phase 2 expansion (33,600 AFY)was funded solely by OCWD. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO The final expansion of the GWRS is the third and final phase of the project and was completed in 2023. The plant now produces 130 mgd and requires additional treated wastewater from OC San.This additional water comes from OC San's Treatment Plant 2, which is in the City of Huntington Beach approximately 3.5 miles south of the GWRS. The Final Expansion project included expanding the existing GWRS treatment facilities, constructing new conveyance facilities at OC San Plant 2, and rehabilitating an existing pipeline between OC San Plant 2 and the GWRS. Following completion, the GWRS plant now recycles 100 percent of OC San's reclaimable sources and produces enough water to meet the needs of over 1 million people. 6.6.2 Wastewater The City operates and maintains over 392 miles of local sewer collection pipes and two sewer lift stations that feed into OC San's trunk sewer system to OC San's extensive system of gravity flow sewers, pump stations, and pressurized sewers. Ultimately, the wastewater is treated at OC San treatment plants in Fountain Valley (Plant No. 1) and Huntington Beach (Plant No. 2).Table 6.10 summarizes the wastewater collected by the City and transported to OC San's system in 2025. Table 6.10 Wastewater Collected within the City's Service Area in 2025 Submittal Table 6-2 Retail:Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 Water Code Section 0, LWastewater Collection -M Recipient of Collected Wastewater Volume of Wastewater Name of Wastewater Wastewater Collected from Name of Wastewater Treatment Is WWTP Collection Agency Volume Metered or UWMP Service Plant(WWTP)and Place Located Within Estimated? Area 2025 ID Number UWMP Area? (AF) City of Santa Ana Estimated 21,217 OCSD Plant 1, Place ID 758392 No OCSD Plant 2, Place ID 259158 No Total Wastewater Received from UWMP 21,217 Service Area in 2025: NOTES:Assumed a return rate of 65% (City of Santa Ana,2020) 6.6.3 Current Recycled Water Uses The City provides OCWD GAP recycled water to the southern part of the City. In FY 2024-25, approximately 294 AF of GAP water was used in the City's service area. Projected recycled water use is expected to remain constant. Current and projected recycled water use through 2050 is shown in Table 6.11. The current users/uses of recycled water are as follows: ■ Centennial Park and Soccer Fields. ■ Bomo Koral Park. ■ Flower Street Bike Trail. ■ McFadden Intermediate School. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO ■ Adams Park. ■ Chroma Systems - Carpet Dyeing. ■ Chroma Systems - Landscape. ■ Kaiser Medical Office Landscape. ■ Chick-fil-A Landscape. ■ Santa Ana River Trail Landscape. ■ Godinez High School Landscape. ■ MacArthur Boulevard Median Landscape. ■ Bear Street Median Landscape. ■ Thornton Park. ■ Harbor Boulevard Median Landscape. ■ Santa Ana Valley High School Sports Complex Landscape. ■ Griset Park. ■ South Coast Park Plaza. Table 6.11 Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area Water Type •. (after 2050 treatment if 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 (opt) treated) Use Type (OPTIONAL) Additional Narrative Drop down Drop down Information (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) Volume page number list list (as needed) (OPTIONAL) Add additional rows as needed Landscape irrigation 294 248 247 247 247 247 (except golf courses) Total 294 1 248 1 247 247 1 247 247 1 0 1 0 NOTES:Table does not include groundwater recharge(IPR) numbers as they are not separate from OCWD's supply. For indirect use, the City also benefits from OCWD's GWRS system that provides IPR through replenishment of the OC Basin with water that meets state and federal drinking water standards. 6.6.4 Projected Recycled Water Use- The City will continue to receive recycled water from GAP and supply it to the various landscape irrigation sites currently using recycled water.The City will continue to supply wastewater to support the region's IPR via GWRS.The projected 2025 recycled water use from the City's 2020 UWMP are compared to the 2025 actual use in Table 6.12, showing actual use of recycled water was slightly higher than projected. CITY OF SANTA ANA 6-34 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 6.12 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual Submittal • 2020 UWIVIP Recycled Water Use Projection • •, • to 2025 Actual Water Code Section16 2020 Projection 2025 Actual Use Use Type for 2025 (AF) (AF) Landscape irrigation(except golf courses) 249 294 Groundwater recharge (IPR) N/A 11,084 Total 249 11,378 NOTES: Groundwater recharge(IPR)estimated based on OCWD Groundwater Basin Production x Percent of Total Basin (33.3%). 6.6.5 Potential Recycled Water Uses The City does not anticipate increased recycled water use in the future. Since OCWD is limited in GAP plant capacity, potential new recycled water users do not currently exist, and the City does not expect additional GAP use in the future. However, the City will continue to convey its wastewater to OC San's regional treatment facilities where the wastewater is treated and recycled for IPR.The City supports, encourages, and contributes to the continued development of recycled water and potential uses throughout the region with OCWD's GWRS. 6.6.6 upumizaa oii Plari Studies of water recycling opportunities within Southern California provide a context for promoting the development of water recycling plans. It is recognized that broad public acceptance of recycled water requires continued education and public involvement. Currently, most of the recycled water available being directed toward replenishment of the groundwater basin and improvements in groundwater quality.As a user of groundwater, the City supports the efforts of OCWD and OC San to use recycled water as a primary resource for groundwater recharge in Orange County. 6.6.6.1 Financial Incentives The implementation of recycled water projects involves a substantial upfront capital investment for planning studies, EIRs, engineering design, and construction before recycled water is available to the market. The establishment of new supplemental funding sources through federal, state, and regional programs now provides significant financial incentives for water agencies to develop and make use of recycled water locally. Potential sources of funding include federal, state, and local funding opportunities. These funding sources include the USBR, California Proposition 13 Water Bond, Proposition 84 and MET Local Resources Program (LRP).These funding opportunities may be sought by the City or possibly more appropriately by regional agencies. The City will continue to support seeking funding for regional water recycling projects and programs. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 6.6.6.2 Optimization Plan In Orange County, recycled water is used for irrigating golf courses, parks, schools, businesses, and communal landscaping, as well as for groundwater recharge. Recycled water users in the City receive their water from OCWD's GAP.Analyses have indicated that present worth costs to expand recycled water within other areas of the City are not cost effective when compared to purchasing imported water from MET or using groundwater.The City will continue to conduct feasibility studies for recycled water and seek out creative solutions such as funding, regulatory requirements, institutional arrangement, and public acceptance for recycled water use with MWDOC, OCWD, MET, and other cooperative agencies. 6.7 Desalination Opportunities In 2014, MET modified the provisions of their LRP to include incentives for locally produced seawater desalination projects that reduce the need for imported supplies. MET's LRP incentivizes participating agencies to explore new local water supply opportunities. Developing local supplies within MET's service area is part of its IRP goal of improving water supply reliability in the region and reducing pressure on imported supplies from the SWP and Colorado River. To qualify for the incentive, proposed projects must replace an existing demand or prevent new demand on MET's imported water supplies. In return, MET offers three incentive formulas under the program: ■ Sliding scale incentive up to $340 per AF for a 25-year agreement term, depending on the unit cost of seawater produced compared to the cost of MET supplies. ■ Sliding scale incentive up to $475 per AF for a 15-year agreement term (but requiring the project to produce local supplies for 25 years), depending on the unit cost of seawater produced compared to the cost of MET supplies. ■ Fixed incentive up to $305 per AF for a 25-year agreement term. 6.7.1 Ocean Water Desalination There are currently no ocean desalination opportunities in the City's service area. 6. .2 Groundwater Desalination There are currently no brackish groundwater desalination opportunities in the City's service area. 6.8 Water Exchanges and Transfers 6.8.1 Existing Exchanrips and Tr;�n-fare Interconnections with other agencies result in the ability to share water supplies during short term emergency situations or planned shutdowns of major imported water systems. Transfers of water can help with short-term outages but can also be involved with longer term water exchanges to deal with droughts or long-term emergency situations. MET helps its retail agencies develop both local and regional transfer and exchange opportunities that promote reliability within their systems. The City maintains seven connections to MET's system and five emergency connections with surrounding agencies, including the Mesa Water District and City of Tustin. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 6.8.2 Planned and Potential Exchanges and Transfers MET supports the City in developing both local and regional transfer and exchange opportunities that promote reliability within their systems. Examples of these future projects include: Santa Ana River Conservation and Conjunctive Use Project: SARCCUP is a joint project established by five regional water agencies within the Santa Ana River Watershed (Eastern Municipal Water District, Inland Empire Utilities Agency, Western Municipal Water District, Orange County Water District, and San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District). In September 2021, the participating agencies, in coordination with MET, executed a regional agreement framework establishing SARCCUP as a watershed-scale groundwater banking program to improve drought reliability across Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties. In 2016, SARCCUP received $55 million in Proposition 84 funding from DWR; however, implementation has since advanced with the 2021 agreements and subsequent program updates.The overall SARCCUP program consists of three main elements: (1) Watershed-Scale Cooperative Water Banking Program; (2)Water Use Efficiency—landscape design/irrigation improvements and water budget assistance; and (3) Habitat creation and Arundo donax removal within the Santa Ana River. The Watershed-Scale Cooperative Water Banking Program is the largest component of SARCCUP. Under MET's arrangement with San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District, when SBVMWD declares surplus SWP water and offers it to MET, MET offers at least 50 percent of an equivalent amount to SARCCUP member agencies for storage and later use in the Santa Ana River watershed, consistent with MET policy. This structure formalizes the purchase and storage pathway that had been under development and aligns with MET's extraordinary supply policy during allocations. Program capacity planning identifies up to approximately 137,000 AF of storage across six basins, including up to 36,000 AF in the OC Basin for use in dry years. Stored SARCCUP supplies may be designated "extraordinary supplies" during a MET allocation if managed consistent with MET's Water Supply Allocation Plan, thereby enhancing participating agencies' drought reliability. Within Orange County, extraordinary supply assignment agreements among MET, MWDOC/OCWD, and certain retail agencies (e.g., Anaheim, Fullerton, Santa Ana) document how SARCCUP extraordinary supply is assigned and delivered locally. Program implementation and participation details continue to be refined among OCWD, retail agencies, and MWDOC. 6.9 Future Water Projects The City anticipates water demand in the City to remain relatively constant over the next 25 years. New water sources developed will primarily be to better manage the groundwater basin and replace or upgrade existing wells. The projects that have been identified by the City to improve the City's water supply reliability and enhance the operations of the City include major well rehabilitation and refurbishment, well casing rehabilitation, motor control center refurbishment, pump station rehabilitation, PFAS treatment,water main replacements, MET connection upgrades, emergency power projects, and miscellaneous improvements such as SCADA and communications improvements.A Water Enterprise Capital Improvement Project Plan identified projects to implement between FY 2025 and FY 2032. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 6.13 Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs • ' • - Expected Water Type Increase in Water Future Additional (after Planned Planned Supply to for Use in Su leer (Yes/no) Supplier T Projects If Yes, Description treatment if Implementation Year pp or (as needed) treated) Year (This may be a e Programs Name (OPTIONAL) yp range) (AF) Well 42 No In design Potable 2027 ATypesll r 4,000-5,600 AFY Well 43 No In design Potable 2029 ATypesll r 2,400-5,600 AFY NOTES: City of Santa Ana, 2026. 6.10 Energy Intensity The City owns and operates a water distribution system and a wastewater collection system.This section reports the energy intensity for each system using data from FY 2024-2025.Water and energy resources are inextricably connected. Known as the "water-energy nexus," the California Energy Commission estimates the transport and treatment of water, treatment and disposal of wastewater, and the energy used to heat and consume water account for nearly 20 percent of the total electricity and 30 percent of non-power plant related natural gas consumed in California. In 2015, California issued new rules requiring 50 percent of its power to come from renewables, along with a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Consistent with energy and water conservation, renewable energy production, and GHG mitigation initiatives, the City reports the energy intensity of its water and wastewater operations. The methodology for calculating water energy intensity outlined in Appendix O of the UWMP Guidebook was adapted from the California Institute for Energy Efficiency exploratory research study titled "Methodology for Analysis of the Energy Intensity of California's Water Systems" (Wilkinson 2000). The study defines water energy intensity as the total amount of energy, calculated on a whole-system basis, required for the use of a given amount of water in a specific location. UWMP reporting is limited to available energy intensity information associated with water processes occurring within an urban water supplier's direct operational control. Operational control is defined as authority over normal business operations at the operational level. Any energy embedded in water supplies imparted by an upstream water supplier (e.g., water wholesaler) or consequently by a downstream water purveyor (e.g., retail water provider) is not included in the UWMP energy intensity tables.The City's calculations conform to methodologies outlined in the UWMP Guidebook and Wilkinson study. 6.10.1 Water Supply Energy Intensity In FY 2024-2025, the City consumed 561.2 kilowatt-hour (kWh) per AF for water extraction and delivery (Table 6.14). The basis for calculations is provided in more detail in the following subsections. CITY OF SANTA ANA } \ _ § f ® _ 0 $ J E o .g Lu % f � 3 k $ & > 3 = _ ) § ° CD § < \ ) \ r I « 2L % % � 2 e o § � g R E e 2 / \\ % \ z § § \ ^ o \ \ � § 2 � B / Ln kLL § \ 2 ® ^ ° 07 a) k / \ \ - E « \2 co ƒ / - cO w 2 n §- u E ^ a) a) - E / E2 c2 \ \ ( \ k o ± f / oco # ± am . _ / ES rk> 0 7f \ \ \ co \ / a \ a » M 3 � k \ OL � 7 ® y a)/ £ ° G Q » o \ k 2 / 2 \ \ oem ~ $ = owl - » c -0 .e a) G a) $ / & ® G co � � k a) _0 \ / \ _ ® § \ G / - j 2 - \ \ � E \ : / \ k \ k / < , \ ± ( � y y = aE _ m < z z 3 Jf / / / \ CD- » � § $ \ b \ \ / / - D �1 � 2 _G a / ) ._ _ $ 5 :3 \ / k / / k E - % I \ £ / $ 2 / / ® 3 ) - n c � - 2 0 / 'E ° _ @ k ' ® k 2 / X § f 2 ul f (cn \ w 3 n � J\ - = 2 & 2077 &% � © 3 Ems = § / \ 22 � - » - _ � = k & >, 2 E 2 - ƒ \ \ / / � � D0 k k § / o \ � $ � 0 \ � ƒ = � = = 2E % Lu u 2 § \ \ & / + ® / \ 0gG ° k dG ƒ / cw > _ £ E _ _ E • o / / @ » ƒ ƒ f % :03- 2 f � � @92 J / R om - m 3 \ k 2 . E2 \ \ E \ > 2 3gJ \ g \ \ / \ < 2 E � ± ua) % � * 7 * / � � z 22 _ = mQmSm moo § & _ � � � _ » % 0 ± :2 K / . % % = = = 3 - oeoLL = 3um - \ 2 § k \ \ ƒ \ $ @ a a 0 k a) a) _ co » cc o o2o > R ± ezeR \ 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 6.10.1.1 Operational Control and Reporting Period As described throughout the report, the City is a retail agency that relies on groundwater and imported water.Water supply energy intensity was calculated for the 2024-2025 fiscal year. Calendar year is a standard for energy and GHG reporting to the Climate Registry, California Air Resources Board, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Calendar year reporting provides consistency when assessing direct and indirect energy consumption within a larger geographical context, as fiscal year starting dates can vary between utilities and organizations. However, the water use volumes presented in Table 6-1 are for FY 25, which aligns with the available energy data for each of the City's water supply processes. 6.10.1.2 Volume of Water Entering Processes According to the MWDOC Compiled Water Audits,the City extracted 28,615 AF of groundwater from the OC Basin and distributed 31,141 AF of both groundwater and imported water.Water volume is based on water audit data.The Extracted volume is based on the "Volume from Own Sources" data point while water deliveries are based on "Authorized Consumption." This calculation excludes water losses so that the final energy intensity is based on the water that is actually delivered to customers. 6.10.1.3 Energy Consumption and Generation According to Southern California Edison electricity bills, groundwater wells consumed 9,774,630 kWh of electricity, imported water conveyance consumed 1,918 kWh of electricity, and distribution system pumping consumed 7,698,988 kWh of electricity. Currently, the City does not generate renewable energy. Energy consumption is based on metered data. 6.10.2 Wastewater and Recycled Water Energy Intensity In FY 2025, the City consumed 3.3 kWh per AF for wastewater services (Table 6.15). The basis for calculations is provided in more detail in the following subsections. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 6.15 Energy Intensity-Wastewater and Recycled Water Optional Submittal Table 0-2: Recommended Energy Reporting-WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER Start Date of Reporting Period 7/1/2024 Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water End Date of Reporting Period 6/30/2025 Supplier's Operational Control Is upstream embedded energy in No Water Management Process the values reported? Units of Measure for Water AF • . Volume of Wastewater Entering Process(AF) 21,117 0 0 21,117 Wastewater Energy Consumed (kWh) 70,449 0 0 70,449 Wastewater Energy Intensity(kWh/AF) 10.2 0.0 0.0 10.2 Volume of Recycled Water Entering Process (AF) 0 0 0 0 Recycled Water Energy Consumed (kWh) 0 0 0 0 Recycled Water Energy Intensity(kWh/AF) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy related to recycled water and wastewater operations 0 kWh Data Quality(drop down) Combination of Estimates and Metered Data Data Quality Narrative: Wastewater volume is an estimate based on water consumption in the service area and assumption of 65% return flow. Wastewater volume matches total shown in DWR Table 6-2. Energy is based on billed consumption. Narrative: Santa Ana operates the local wastewater collection system but does not operate treatment facilities. Operational control is limited to a wastewater lift station in the local collection system.This table does not include downstream energy consumed to treat the wastewater after Santa Ana's control. 6.10.2.1 Operational Control and Reporting Period The City's existing sewer system is made up of a network of gravity sewers.The City owns and operates two wastewater lift stations but no treatment facilities. Similar to the water supply energy intensity, wastewater energy intensity was calculated for the 2025 fiscal year. 6.10.2.2 Volume of Wastewater Entering Process In FY 2024-2025, the City collected and conveyed 21,117 AF of wastewater to OC San. The volume of wastewater is estimated based on potable use and assumption of 65 percent return flow to the wastewater system. The City provides water for indirect potable reuse, but the City does not have operational control over any part of the recycled water system. 6.10.2.3 Energy Consumption and Generation According to estimates referencing Southern California Edison electricity bills, the City's two wastewater lift stations consumed 70,449 kWh of electricity in FY 2025.There are no other wastewater facilities that CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO are owned and operated by the City. Currently, the City does not generate renewable energy. Energy consumption data was estimated, based on pump hours. 6.10.3 Key Findings and Next Steps Calculating and disclosing direct operationally controlled energy intensities is another step towards understanding the water-energy nexus. However, much work is still needed to better understand upstream and downstream (indirect) water-energy impacts.When assessing water supply energy intensities or comparing intensities between providers, it is important to consider reporting boundaries as they do not convey the upstream embedded energy or impacts energy intensity has on downstream users. Engaging one's upstream and downstream supply chain can guide more informed decisions that holistically benefit the environment and are mutually beneficial to engaged parties. Suggestions for further study include: ■ Supply-chain engagement- The City relies on a variety of water sources for their customers.While some studies have used life cycle assessment tools to estimate energy intensities, there is a need to confirm this data.The 2025 UWMP requirement for all agencies to calculate energy intensity will help the City and neighboring agencies make more informed decisions that would benefit the region as a whole regarding the energy and water nexus.A similar analysis could be performed with upstream supply chain energy, for example, with State Project Water. ■ Internal benchmarking and goal setting - With a focus on energy conservation and a projected increase in water demand despite energy conservation efforts, the City's energy intensities will likely decrease with time. Conceivably, in a case where water demand decreases, energy intensities may rise as the energy required to pump or treat is not always proportional to water delivered. In the course of exploring the water-energy nexus and pursuing renewable energy goals, there is a need to assess whether energy intensity is a meaningful indicator or if it makes sense to use a different indicator to reflect the City's commitment to energy and water conservation. Current efforts could be expanded with the addition of a wastewater energy intensity evaluation. ■ Regional sustainability-Water and energy efficiency are two components of a sustainable future. Efforts to conserve water and energy, however, may impact the social, environmental, and economic livelihood of the region. In addition to the relationship between water and energy, over time, it may also be important to consider and assess the connection these resources have on other aspects of a sustainable future. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER 7WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT This chapter of the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) describes the City of Santa Ana's water service reliability assessment for three long-term hydrological conditions: a normal year, a single dry year, and a drought period lasting five consecutive years.The Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) assesses water supply reliability during a severe drought lasting the next five consecutive years, from 2026 to 2030. Factors affecting reliability, such water quality, regulations and climate change, are also summarized in this assessment of reliability. 7.1 Water Service Reliability Overview As part of the UWMP, every urban water supplier is required to assess the reliability of their water service to its customers under a normal year, a single dry year, and multiple dry years. Santa Ana's water sources are from local groundwater, recycled water, and imported water purchased from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), which imports water from the Colorado River through its own Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) and from Northern California through the California Aqueduct managed by the State Water Project (SWP). Santa Ana is one of 26 member agencies of MET. MET has also invested in numerous programs and projects to augment its direct deliveries of imported water such as water transfers, groundwater banking, and use of its reservoir storage as summarized in Chapter 6. Local groundwater in the Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin) is managed by the Orange County Water District (OCWD). As summarized in Chapter 6, OCWD has developed programs and projects to improve groundwater recharge and augment groundwater through recycled water, conjunctive use, and water transfers. OCWD assesses groundwater conditions and sets its Basin Production Percentage (BPP), the percentage of each Producer's total water supply that comes from groundwater pumped from the OC Basin, and the Basin Equity Assessment (BEA),which is a surcharge for exceeding the BPP. Currently, the BPP is set at 85 percent. Likewise, MET has also invested in numerous programs and projects to augment its direct deliveries of imported water such as water transfers, groundwater banking, and use of its reservoir storage as summarized in Chapter 6. MET's draft 2025 UWMP demonstrates that MET will be able to meet its projected water demands for the next 25 years under normal, dry, and multiple dry year conditions (MET, 2025). In 2025, all water agencies in Orange County, in collaboration with their wholesalers, the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) and OCWD, developed a water demand forecast model for their service areas that estimated water demand at the individual retail water agency level.The demand model statistically correlates municipal and industrial (M&I)water use with demographic, socioeconomic, conservation, and weather variables as reported in the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model TM (MWDOC, 2025). Because the model isolates weather, future water demand can be estimated under single and multiple-year droughts and under future climate change scenarios.The model used a 33-year dataset (1991-2024) to estimate demand under average (normal), single-dry year, and five consecutive dry years hydrologic conditions. Correlation coefficients between demand, temperature, and CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO precipitation were applied to the hottest and driest historical sequences to calculate high-demand scenarios,which were expressed as scaling factors relative to the 33-year average demand. Table 7.1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) O• Data(Reliability Assessment) Available Supplies if Year Type Repeats Check the box if quantification of available supplies Base Year C is not compatible with this table and is provided If not using a calendar elsewhere in the UWMP. year,type in the last year Location: [insert location from UWMP] Year Type of the fiscal,water year, or range of years,for example,water year Quantification of , .• - supplies is provided 2024-2025,use 2025 this table as either volume only, percent only, or both. Volume Available %of Average Supply Average Year 1991-2024 100% Single-Dry Year 2014 103% Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 1991-2024 103% Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year 1991-2024 112% Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year 1991-2024 113% Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year 1991-2024 115% Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year 1991-2024 117% 7.2 Factors Affecting Water Supply Reliability To prepare realistic water supply reliability assessments, various factors affecting reliability were considered. These include climate change and environmental requirements, regulatory changes,water quality impacts, and locally applicable criteria. In May 2025, DWR published a technical addendum to the 2023 State Water Project Delivery Capability Report (DCR) describing the impact of subsidence to future SWP deliveries. The study showed that SWP deliveries could be reduced by future subsidence. DWR recommends using the 2025 DCR to support long-term planning efforts because DWR has planned near-term fixes and is committed to restore the conveyance capacity of the California Aqueduct. MET will continue to stay informed and incorporate any suitable subsidence modeling in the future. 7.2.1 Climate Change and the Environment Changing climate patterns are expected to shift precipitation patterns and affect water supply availability. Unpredictable weather patterns will make water supply planning more challenging.Although climate change impacts are associated with exact timing, magnitude, and regional impacts of these temperature CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO and precipitation changes, researchers have identified several areas of concern for California water planners (CAMP4W, 2025).These areas include: ■ A reduction in Sierra Nevada Mountain snowpack. ■ Increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. ■ Prolonged drought periods. ■ Water quality issues associated with increase in wildfires. ■ Changes in runoff patterns and amounts. ■ Rising sea levels resulting in: >> Impacts to coastal groundwater basins due to seawater intrusion. Increased risk of damage from storms, high-tide events, and the erosion of levees. >> Potential pumping cutbacks to the SWP and Central Valley Project (CVP). Other important issues of concern due to global climate change include: ■ Effects on local supplies such as groundwater. ■ Changes in urban and agricultural demand levels and patterns. ■ Alterations to power generation and pumping regime. ■ Increases in ocean algal blooms affected seawater desalination supplies. Without additional surface storage, earlier and heavier runoff will flow to the ocean instead of being held as mountain snowpack, causing California to lose more water. California therefore needs to place a strong emphasis on expanding storage As described in Chapter 6, the Colorado River Basin supplies have been inconsistent since about the year 2000, with precipitation near normal while runoff has been less than average in two out of every three years. Climate models are predicting a continuation of this pattern whereby hotter and drier weather conditions will result in continuing lower runoff, pushing the system toward a drying trend that is often characterized as long-term drought. Dramatic swings in annual hydrologic conditions have affected water supplies available from the SWP over the last decade. The declining ecosystem in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) has also led to a reduction in water supply deliveries, and operational constraints will likely continue until a long-term solution to these problems is identified and implemented (MET, 2025). Climate change is also projected to impact future water demands.The 2025 Orange County Water Demand Model TM developed a sensitivity for the water demand forecast based on using future climate variables from a subset of 15 downscaled global climate models (GCMs) from the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Future weather variables under two climate scenarios were substituted for baseline historical average weather, with the results indicating that projected water demands under one to five consecutive dry years could be 5 to 17 percent greater than baseline demands (MWDOC, 2025). CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 7.2.2 Regulatory and Legal Ongoing regulatory restrictions, such as those imposed by the Biological Opinions (BiOps) on the effects of SWP and the federal CVP operations on certain marine life, also contribute to the challenge of determining water delivery reliability. Endangered species protection and conveyance needs in the Delta have resulted in operational constraints that are particularly important because pumping restrictions impact many water resources programs—SWP supplies and additional voluntary transfers, Central Valley storage and transfers, and in-region groundwater and surface water storage. BiOps protect special-status species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and imposed substantial constraints on Delta water supply operations through requirements for Delta inflow and outflow and export pumping restrictions. In addition, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) has set water quality objectives that must be met by the SWP including minimum Delta outflows, limits on SWP and CVP Delta exports, and maximum allowable salinity level. SWRCB has implemented the new Lower San Joaquin River flow objectives from the Phase 1 Delta Plan amendments through adjudicatory (water rights) and regulatory (water quality) processes.The Lower San Joaquin River flow objectives are estimated to reduce water available for municipal water use. New litigation, listings of additional species under the ESA, or regulatory requirements imposed by the SWRCB could further adversely affect SWP operations in the future by requiring additional export reductions, releases of additional water from storage, or other operational changes impacting water supply operations. The Colorado River 2007 Interim Guidelines governing the Lower Basin water supply shortages and the operations of Lakes Mead and Powell are set to expire in 2026, and new operating guidelines will need to be developed for 2027 and beyond. At the time of this 2025 UWMP, negotiations over the successor post-2026 guidelines are ongoing and the outcome is highly uncertain. It is anticipated that California will likely be required to reduce its supplies from the Colorado River, on average, under the new guidelines, and that as the junior priority, MET is at risk.A final EIS with a Selected Alternative is expected in the summer of 2026 with a record of decision to follow. The difficulty and implications of environmental review, documentation, and permitting pose challenges for multi-year transfer agreements, recycled water projects, and seawater desalination plants.The timeline and roadmap for getting a permit for recycled water projects are challenging and inconsistently implemented in different regions of the state. Indirect potable reuse projects face regulatory restraints such as treatment, blend water, retention time, and Basin Plan objectives, which may limit how much recycled water can feasibly be recharged into the groundwater basins. New regulations and permitting uncertainty are also barriers to seawater desalination supplies, including updated Ocean Plan Regulations, Marine Life Protected Areas, and Once-Through Cooling Regulations (MET, 2025). 7.2.3 Water 0--slit The following sub-section describes the water quality of the region's water supplies and the measures being taken to continue to deliver high-quality drinking water that meets federal and state regulations. 7.2.3.1 Imported Water MET is responsible for providing high quality potable water throughout its service area. Over 250,000 water quality tests are performed per year on MET's water to test for regulated contaminants and CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO additional contaminants of concern to monitor the safety of its waters (MET, 2025). MET's supplies originate primarily from the CRA and from the SWP.A blend of these two sources, proportional to each year's availability of the source, is then delivered throughout MET's service area. Although the CRA and SWP have different water quality characteristics, MET has implemented effective treatment and management strategies to maintain high-quality water.The CRA water source contains higher total dissolved solids (TDS) and the SWP contains higher levels of naturally occurring organic matter, lending to the formation of disinfection byproducts.To remediate the CRA's high level of salinity and the SWP's high level of organic matter, MET blends CRA and SWP supplies and has upgraded all its treatment facilities to include ozone treatment processes. In addition, MET has been engaged in efforts to protect its Colorado River supplies from threats of uranium, perchlorate, and chromium VI while also investigating the potential water quality impact of the following emerging contaminants: N-Nitrosodimethylamine, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and 1,4-dioxane (MET, 2025). PFAS is a group of widely used man-made "forever chemicals"that include both perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). MET has voluntarily monitored PFAS in its source and treated waters since 2017. Most samples have shown non-detect (ND) for all tested PFAS, including PFOA and PFOS.A limited number of other PFAS—such as PFHxA, PFBA, PFPeA, PFDoA, PFTA, and PFBS, have been detected only at trace levels below their method detection limits. PFOA and PFOS have not been detected in Metropolitan's imported or treated water supplies. Some member agencies, however, have detected these compounds in local groundwater wells,which may require treatment or source management to comply with emerging Division of Drinking Water (DDW) regulations.As DDW and United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establish enforceable maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for PFOA and PFOS, some agencies may supplement their local supplies with increased purchases of MET water (MET, 2025). The EPA finalized the first national drinking water standards for six PFAS compounds in April 2024.These standards include enforceable MCLs for PFOA and PFOS set at 4 parts per trillion (ppt). In May 2025, the EPA announced that it would extend the compliance deadline for PFOA and PFOS from 2029 to 2031 to provide additional time for testing, planning, and installation of treatment technologies.While MET and its member agencies continue to monitor and test PFAS in imported and local sources, the delay in the federal compliance date allows additional time to evaluate treatment options, coordinate funding, and plan system upgrades necessary to meet forthcoming federal PFAS standards. The presence of quagga mussels in water sources is a water quality concern. Quagga mussels are an invasive species that was first discovered in 2007 at Lake Mead on the Colorado River.This species of mussels forms massive colonies in short periods of time, disrupting ecosystems and blocking water intakes.They can cause significant disruption and damage to water distribution systems. MET has had success in controlling the spread and impacts of the quagga mussels within the CRA; however,the future could require more extensive maintenance and reduced operational flexibility than current operations allow. It also resulted in MET eliminating deliveries of CRA water into Diamond Valley Lake (DVL) to keep the reservoir free from quagga mussels (MET, 2025). In addition, golden mussels, another invasive species capable of disrupting pipelines and altering ecosystems,were detected in the Delta in October 2024 and are now spreading through the SWP.These mussels pose similar concerns due to their ability to obstruct raw water conveyance facilities and negatively affect aquatic environments.Although their presence does not typically result in violations of CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO drinking water standards, unmanaged infestations can degrade habitats, clog infrastructure, and reduce the aesthetic and recreational value of lakes and reservoirs. State and regional agencies continue to monitor golden mussel movement and evaluate appropriate response strategies to limit their spread (MET, 2025). 7.2.3.2 Groundwater Groundwater is a reliable component of the water supply for Orange County, and the OCWD manages the Orange County groundwater basin to provide long-term quality and sustainability. The basin supports a significant portion of the region's water demands and is monitored through an extensive network of production, monitoring, and recharge wells that provide data on water levels and water quality conditions across the aquifer system. Orange County Groundwater Basin OCWD is responsible for managing the OC Basin. To maintain groundwater quality, OCWD conducts an extensive monitoring program that serves to manage the OC Basin's groundwater production, control groundwater contamination, and comply with all required laws and regulations.A network of nearly 700 groundwater wells provides OCWD a source for samples, which are tested for a variety of purposes. OCWD collects samples each month to monitor Basin water quality. The total number of water samples analyzed varies year-to-year due to regulatory requirements, conditions in the basin, and applied research and/or special study demands.These samples are collected and tested according to approved federal and state procedures as well as industry-recognized quality assurance and control protocols (City of La Habra et al., 2017). OCWD routinely tests for hundreds of regulated constituents, but the parameters discussed, PFAS, TDS, and nitrate, are of focus because they represent the most relevant regional and regulatory considerations that influence groundwater management and long-term supply planning.These issues do not indicate that the groundwater basin is unsafe; rather, they are discussed because they are key focus areas for state agencies and water suppliers throughout Southern California. PFAS are of particular concern for groundwater quality, and since the summer of 2019, the DDW requires testing for PFAS compounds in some groundwater production wells in the OCWD area.According to the EPA, the established federal Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for certain PFAS compounds in drinking water, including 4 nanograms per liter (ng/L), or parts per trillion (ppt), for PFOA and PFOS. In addition, the California State Water Resources Control Board has established health-based Notification Levels (NLs) and Response Levels (RLs) for several PFAS compounds. The current NLs are 4 ng/L for PFOA and 4 ng/L for PFOS, while the RLs are 10 ng/L for PFOA and 40 ng/L for PFOS. If PFAS concentrations exceed the NL,water systems must notify their governing body; if concentrations exceed the RL,water systems are expected to take corrective actions such as removing the source from service or implementing treatment. PFAS have been detected in the OC Basin in very tiny amounts (parts per trillion), entering primarily via the Santa Ana River whose flows infiltrate into the basin. Despite playing no role in releasing PFAS into the environment, OCWD is working with its cities and retail water districts to remove it from local water supplies in order to comply with new state and federal regulations. More than 100 wells have been impacted due to various state and federal regulations. Fifteen impacted agencies will have to temporarily purchase more costly imported water to replace PFAS contaminated supplies.As of 2025, 53 impacted wells are back online due to close to a billion dollars being spent on state-of-the-art testing, research and CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO piloting of different treatment systems, and design and construction of treatment plants that are now operational. By 2025 OCWD had restored 49 wells to service with operational treatment systems, with an additional 57 wells in planning, design, or construction stages (Association of California Water Agencies, 2025). These systems continue to rely primarily on granular activated carbon and ion-exchange media operated in lead—lag configuration to achieve non-detect PFAS levels consistent with evolving state and federal regulatory standards (Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board and OCWD, 2023). Groundwater production in FY 2023-24 totaled 280,420 acre-feet (AF), with slight increases projected over the next two years as additional treatment systems come online, showing continued reductions associated with PFAS-impacted wells that remain offline across several agencies. Salinity is a significant water quality problem in many parts of southern California, including Orange County. Salinity is a measure of the dissolved minerals in water including both TDS and nitrates. OCWD continuously monitors the levels of TDS in wells throughout the OC Basin. TDS currently has a California Secondary MCL of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The portions of the OC Basin with the highest levels are generally located in the cities of Irvine, Tustin,Yorba Linda, Anaheim, and Fullerton.There is also a broad area in the central portion of the OC Basin where TDS ranges from 500 to 700 mg/L. Sources of TDS include the water supplies used to recharge the OC Basin and from onsite wastewater treatment systems, also known as septic systems. The TDS concentration in the OC Basin increased on average from 41S mg/L in 2022-23 to 432 mg/L in 2023-24 (OCWD, 2025). Nitrates are one of the most common and widespread contaminants in groundwater supplies, originating from fertilizer use, animal feedlots, wastewater disposal systems, and other sources.The MCL for nitrate in drinking water is set at 10 mg/L. OCWD regularly monitors nitrate levels in groundwater and works with producers to treat wells that have exceeded safe levels of nitrate concentrations. OCWD manages the nitrate concentration of water recharged by its facilities to reduce nitrate concentrations in groundwater. This includes the operation of the Prado Wetlands,which was designed to remove nitrogen and other pollutants from the Santa Ana River before the water is diverted to be percolated into OCWD's surface water recharge system.Although water from the deep aquifer system is of very high quality, it is amber-colored and contains a sulfuric odor due to buried natural organic material, requiring treatment before use as drinking water. The principal aquifer, which supplies most basin pumping, occurs at depths of roughly 300 to 1,200 feet below ground surface (OCWD, 2025).The total volume of amber-colored groundwater in the deep system is estimated at approximately 1 million acre-feet (MAF). 1.2.4 Locally Applicable Criteria Within Orange County, there are no significant local applicable criteria that directly affect reliability. Over the years, the water agencies in Orange County have made tremendous efforts to integrate their systems to provide flexibility for interchanging with different sources of supply.There are emergency agreements in place to provide adequate supply of water in all parts of the County. In the northern part of the County, agencies can meet most of their demands from groundwater with very little limitation, except for the OCWD BPP. For the agencies in south Orange County, most of their demands are met with imported water, and their limitations are based on the capacity of their systems, which are very robust. However, if a major earthquake on the San Andreas Fault occurs, it can potentially be damaging to key water aqueducts and disrupt imported supplies to the entire Southern California for up to six months.The MET region would likely require a water use reduction of 10 to 25 percent until the system is repaired. However, MET has taken proactive steps to handle such disruption, such as constructing DVL, which mitigates potential CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO impacts. DVL, along with other local reservoirs, can store a 6-to-1 2-monthsupply of emergency water (MET, 2025). 7.3 Water Service Reliability Assessment This section assesses the reliability of Santa Ana's water service to its customers.This is completed by comparing the projected long-term water demand (Chapter 4)to the projected water supply sources available to Santa Ana (Chapter 6) in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. P.J.I `4urrrtiai tear Reliability In 2025, MWDOC and OCWD in collaboration with Orange County retail agencies, developed water demand forecast models for participating individual retail water agencies in Orange County, as described in detail in Chapter 4.This 25-year demand forecast uses statistical models to account for demographic, socioeconomic, conservation, and weather variables (MWDOC, 2025). For normal year reliability, the demand forecast represents average weather conditions. Santa Ana is 100 percent reliable for normal year demands from 2025 through 2050. Santa Ana receives imported water from MET via connection to MET's regional distribution system.Although pipeline and connection capacity rights do not guarantee the availability of water, they do guarantee the ability to convey water into the local system when it is available to the MET distribution system. A comparison between the supply and demand for projected years between 2025 and 2050 is shown in Table 7.2, while a breakdown of potable supplies is presented in Table 7.3 and 7.4, respectively.The table demonstrates that projected supplies and demands are equal in every planning year, with no anticipated surpluses or shortfalls.As stated above, the available supply will meet projected demands due to a diversified supply and conservation measures limiting and reducing imported demands in the later years. Santa Ana's supplies are provided by MET and OC Basin. In MET's 2025 Urban Water Management Plan, they identify their wholesale supplies as 100 percent reliable under normal-year conditions,with surpluses over 3 MAF across the planning horizon (Submittal Table 7-2; MET, 2025). Table 7.2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison SupplySubmittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Water Code Section 0, 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050(Opt) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) Supply totals 31,908 32,085 32,303 32,262 32,167 autofill from Submittal Table 6-9 R Use totals 31,908 32,085 32,303 32,262 32,167 autofill from Submittal Table 4-2 R Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 NOTES:This table compares the projected demand and supply volumes determined in Sections 4.3.2 and 6.1, respectively. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 7.3 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison-Potable OPTIONAL Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year SupplyPOTABLE 2030(AF) 2035(AF) 2040(AF) 2045(AF) 2050(AF) Supply totals 31,660 31,837 32,057 32,016 31,920 autofill from Submittal Table 6-9 R Use totals 31,660 31,837 32,057 32,016 31,920 autofill from Submittal Table 4-2 R Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 NOTES:This table compares the projected demand and supply volumes determined in Sections 4.3.2 and 6.1, respectively. Table 7.4 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison-Non-Potable OPTIONAL Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Su NON-POTABLE 2030(AF) 2035(AF) 2040(AF) 2045(AF) 2050(AF) Supply totals 248 247 247 247 247 autofill from Submittal Table 6-9 R Use totals 248 247 247 247 247 autofill from Submittal Table 4-2 R Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 NOTES:This table compares the projected demand and supply volumes determined in Sections 4.3.2 and 6.1, respectively. 7.3.2 Single Dry YA,,ir Reliability A single dry year is defined as a single year of minimal to no rainfall within a period where average precipitation is expected to occur. Orange County's water demand projection model (described in Chapter 4) isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of a statistical model.The impacts of hot/dry weather conditions are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the normal year condition (average of FY 2017-18 and FY 2018-19). For a single dry-year condition (FY 2013-14), the model projects a three percent increase in demand for Santa Ana's service area (MWDOC, 2025). Detailed information of the model is included in Appendix H. Santa Ana has documented that it is 100 percent reliable for single dry-year demands from 2025 through 2050.As shown in Table 7.5, projected single dry year supplies and demands are equal from 2030 to 2050, resulting in no anticipated shortages.This assessment incorporates a 3 percent increase in demand above normal-year levels and shows the significant reserves and conservation measures available within MET. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 7.5 Retail:Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison ComparisonSubmittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Use Water Code Section16 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050(Opt) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) Supply totals 32,734 32,916 33,139 33,097 33,000 Use totals 32,734 32,916 33,139 33,097 33,000 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 NOTES:The single dry year projections estimate a 3%increase on imported M&I demand. 7.3.3 Multiple Dry Years Reliability Multiple dry years are defined as five or more consecutive dry years with minimal rainfall within a period of average precipitation. Orange County water demand projection model (described in Chapter 4) isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of a statistical model. The impacts of hot/dry weather conditions are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the normal year condition. During multiple dry years, the UWMP applies dry-year adjustment factors to reflect future climate conditions and retail level water demand.These increase 3 percent in single-dry and first multiple-dry year, going up to 12, 13, 15, and 17 percent in subsequent drought years, relative to average-year demand (see Table 7.1) (MWDOC, 2025). Rather than repeating the single dry year factor for all five years, the five year multi dry year scenario applies the year specific dry year adjustment factors for each consecutive year, reflecting the increasing impacts of extended drought. Santa Ana has demonstrated that its water supplies remain fully reliable throughout a five-consecutive-year dry period from 2025 through 2050. Even assuming a conservative demand increase of 3-17 percent each year for 5 consecutive years, Santa Ana is capable of meeting all customers' demands from 2025 through 2050 (Table 7.6), with significant reserves held by MET and conservation. The table includes treated and untreated water from MET for M&I and non-M&I demands. The multiple dry-year projections estimate a 3 percent increase on imported M&I demand.The 2030 column assesses supply and demand for FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30; the 2035 column assesses FY 2030-31 through FY 2034-35 and so forth, to end the water service reliability assessment in FY 2045-50. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 7.6 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section16 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050(Opt) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) Supply totals 32,734 32,916 33,139 33,097 33,000 First year Use totals 32,734 32,916 33,139 33,097 33,000 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 Supply totals 35,721 35,919 36,163 36,117 36,011 Second Use totals 35,721 35,919 36,163 36,117 36,011 year Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 Supply totals 35,943 36,143 36,388 36,342 36,235 Third year Use totals 35,943 36,143 36,388 36,342 36,235 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 Supply totals 36,623 36,827 37,077 37,030 36,921 Fourth Use totals 36,623 36,827 37,077 37,030 36,921 year Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 Supply totals 37,245 37,452 37,706 37,659 37,548 Fifth year Use totals 37,245 37,452 37,706 37,659 37,548 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 NOTES:The 2030 column assesses supply and demand for FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30;the 2035 column assesses FY 2030-31 through FY 2034-35 and so forth, in order to end the water service reliability assessment in FY 2049-50. 7.4 Management Tools and Options Existing and planned water management tools and options that seek to maximize local resources and results in minimizing the need to import water are described below. ■ Reduced Delta Reliance: MET has demonstrated consistency with Reduced Reliance on the Delta Through Improved Regional Water Self-Reliance (Delta Plan policy WR P1) by reporting the expected outcomes for measurable reductions in supplies from the Delta. MET has improved its self-reliance through methods including water use efficiency,water recycling, stormwater capture and reuse, CITY OF SANTA ANA 7-11 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO advanced water technologies, conjunctive use projects, local, and regional water supply and storage programs, and other programs and projects. Similarly, Orange County water agencies have further invested in water use efficiency, local water supply projects, and advanced water technologies to increase regional self-reliance. In the near term (2030), regional self-reliance during a normal water year for the entire MET service area is projected to increase by approximately 601 TAF compared to the 2010 baseline, an improvement equal to nearly 20 percent of projected 2030 retail demands. Looking ahead to 2050, normal year regional self- reliance is expected to grow by more than 1.0 MAF above the 2010 baseline, representing an increase of roughly 20 percent of projected 2050 retail demands (MET, 2025). ■ The continued and planned use of groundwater:The water supply resources within Santa Ana's service area are enhanced by the existence of groundwater basins that account for the majority of local supplies available. As described in Chapter 4, the OC Basin is also used as reservoirs to store water during wet years and draw from storage during dry years, subsequently minimizing Santa Ana's service area's reliance on imported water. Groundwater basins are managed within a safe basin operating range so that groundwater wells are only pumped as needed to meet water use.Although Santa Ana does not manage any of the service area's groundwater basins, as a groundwater producer, Santa Ana supports and partners in the efforts to maintain the health of the local basins through local groundwater recharge efforts such as OCWD's GWRS Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) program. ■ Groundwater storage and transfer programs: Santa Ana and OCWD's involvement in Santa Ana River Conservation and Conjunctive Use Program includes participation in a conjunctive use program that improves water supply resiliency and increases available dry-year yield from local groundwater basins.The groundwater bank has 137,000 AF of storage (Inland Empire Utilities Agency, 2021). MET has numerous groundwater storage and transfer programs in which MET endeavors to increase the reliability of water supplies, including the Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency Waster Agency Exchange and Storage Program and the High Desert Water Bank Program. In addition, MET has encouraged storage through its cyclic and conjunctive use programs that allow MET to deliver water into a groundwater basin in advance of agency demands, such as the Cyclic Storage Agreements under the Main San Gabriel Basin Judgement. ■ Increased use of recycled water: OCWD's GWRS and Green Acres Project (GAP) help southern California reduce its reliance on imported water by providing a local, reliable water supply that meets or exceeds all federal and state drinking water standards. OCWD is currently expanding the GWRS to increase production to 130 MGD, further strengthening regional water self-sufficiency. ■ Implementation of demand management measures during dry periods: During dry periods, water reduction methods to be applied to the public through the retail agencies will in turn reduce the City's overall demands on MET and reliance on imported water. Santa Ana met its conservation of the 20 percent by 2020 as part of the Orange County Regional Alliance as well as individually. 7.5 Drought Risk Assessment California Water Code (CWC) Section 10635(b) requires every urban water supplier to include a DRA for its water service as part of information considered in developing its demand management measures and water supply projects and programs.The DRA is a specific planning action that assumes Santa Ana is experiencing a drought over the next five years and addresses water supply reliability in the context of CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO presumed drought conditions. Together, the water service reliability assessment, DRA, and water shortage contingency planning allow Santa Ana to have a comprehensive picture of its short-term and long-term water service reliability and to identify the tools to address any perceived or actual shortage conditions. CWC Section 10612 requires the DRA to be based on the driest five-year historical sequence for Santa Ana's water supply. However, CWC Section 10635 also requires that the analysis consider plausible changes on projected supplies and demands due to climate change, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria. The following sections describe the methodology and results from Santa Ana's DRA. 7.5.1 Methodology As described in more detail in Chapter 4, the water demand forecasting model prepared for Santa Ana isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of an econometric model. In addition to weather related factors, the model incorporates explanatory variables that influence both historical and projected water use, including water price, gross domestic product, median household income, housing density, persons per household, households per account, sectoral employment mix (for commercial, industrial, and institutional demand), seasonal patterns, historical conservation trends, drought restrictions, and COVID-19 behavioral effects. These variables allow the model to separately quantify how economic conditions, demographic shifts, land use characteristics, and institutional constraints affect demand across residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and irrigation sectors (MWDOC, 2025). The impacts of hot/dry weather conditions are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the average condition (average of FY 2017-18 and FY 2018-19). For a single dry-year condition (FY 2013-14), the model projects a three percent increase in demand for Santa Ana's service area (MWDOC, 2025). The model used a 33-year dataset (1991-2024) to estimate demand under average (normal), single-dry year, and five consecutive dry years hydrologic conditions. Correlation coefficients between demand, temperature, and precipitation were applied to the hottest and driest historical sequences to calculate high-demand scenarios,which were expressed as scaling factors relative to the 33-year average demand. For Santa Ana, the five consecutive dry year demand scenario is based on the demand model's multiple dry year methodology. In accordance with the econometric demand model approach used to develop UWMP demand projections, a single hot/dry year was first identified based on weather conditions that produced the greatest demand response. Consecutive dry years were then represented by applying incremental scaling factors to this single hot/dry year demand to account for the compounding effects of persistent warm and dry conditions over time.These scaling factors show long-term relationships between regional water use and multi-year temperature and precipitation deficits and are applied sequentially to simulate second through fifth consecutive dry years. This approach is consistent with the demand modeling framework summarized in Table 7.1 and 7.7. 7.5.1.1 Water Demand Characterization Beyond local groundwater supplies, Santa Ana's remaining water supplies are purchased from MET, regardless of hydrologic conditions. As described in Chapter 6, MET's supplies are from the Colorado River, SWP, and in-region storage. In MET's 2025 UWMP, the DRA concluded that even without activating CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO WSCP actions. Beyond this, MET's DRA indicated a surplus of supplies that would be available to all of its member agencies, including Santa Ana, should the need arise.Therefore, any increase in demand that is experienced in Santa Ana's service area is assumed to be met by MET's water supplies. Based on the City's water demand projection mode discussed in more detail in Chapter 4, in a single dry year, demand is expected to increase by seven percent above a normal year(see Table 7.1). Santa Ana's DRA conservatively assumes that a drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30 is based on the FY 2025 normal year supply with the five-year consecutive dry year hydrology (from Table 7.1) (MWDOC, 2025). 7.5.1.2 Water Supply Characterization Santa Ana's assumptions for its supply capabilities are discussed and presented in 5-year increments under its water reliability assessment in Section 7.3. For Santa Ana's DRA, these supply capabilities are further refined and presented annually for the years 2026 to 2030, which the Orange County Demand Model (2025) applied a historical dry-year sequence from within 1991-2024 dataset as an analog for five consecutive dry years. Groundwater is sustainably managed through the BPP and robust management measures (Section 6.3.4 and Appendix G), direct and indirect recycled water uses provide additional local supply (Section 6.6), and based on MET's UWMP, imported water is available to close any local water supply gap (Section 7.5.1). For its DRA,the model assessed the reliability of supplies available to Orange County through MET using historical supply availability under dry-year conditions. MET's supply sources under the CR, SWP, and in-region supply categories are individually listed and discussed in detail in MET's UWMP. Future supply capabilities for each of these supply sources are also individually tabulated in Appendix 3 of MET's UWMP, with consideration for plausible changes on projected supplies under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other factors. In addition, Santa Ana may benefit from MET-implemented supply augmentation actions during regional shortages.These actions are planned and exercised by MET based on regional conditions and in accordance with the Water Supply Contingency Plan (WSCP) and are not assumed as baseline or guaranteed supplies for Santa Ana. Such actions may include the use of supplies and storage programs within the Colorado River, SWP, and in-region storage portfolios. 7.5.2 Total Water Supply and Use Comparison Santa Ana's anticipated total water use and supply under a five-year drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30, are compared in Table 7.7. Santa Ana's assessment reveals that its supply capabilities are expected to balance with its projected water use for the next five years, from 2026 to 2030. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 7.7 Retail: Five-Year Drought Assessment TableSubmittal Drought Total Water Use (AF) 33,788 Total Supplies (AF) 33,788 Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0 2027 Total Total Water Use (AF) 36,870 Total Supplies (AF) 36,870 Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0 2028 • Total Water Use (AF) 37,100 Total Supplies (AF) 37,100 Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0 I Total Water Use (AF) 37,802 Total Supplies (AF) 37,802 Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0 2030 IMTotal Total Water Use (AF) 38,444 Total Supplies (AF) 38,444 Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0 7.5,3 Water Source Reliability Santa Ana's water supply portfolio is predominantly supported by the OC Basin,which provides roughly 85 percent of Santa Ana's water under the FY 2025-26 BPP and is expected to remain a reliable source through FY 2029-30. OCWD's active basin management, such as adjusting the BPP and securing supplemental recharge supplies, helps maintain long-term groundwater reliability. Local supply is further strengthened by Santa Ana's use of indirect potable reuse water from OCWD's GWRS,which enhances drought resilience.While emergency interconnections with neighboring agencies are not part of the normal supply mix, they offer additional backup capacity if ever needed. Santa Ana's DRA concludes that available supplies meet projected demands during a modeled five-year drought, with the ability to increase MET purchases if necessary. As detailed in Section 8, Santa Ana has in place a robust WSCP and comprehensive shortage response planning efforts that include demand reduction measures and supply augmentation actions. However, since Santa Ana's DRA shows a balance, no water service reliability concern is anticipated, and no shortfall mitigation measures are expected to be exercised over the next five years. Santa Ana and its wholesaler, MET,will periodically revisit its representation of the supply sources and of the gross water use estimated for each year, and will revise the DRA if needed. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER 8WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLANNING 8.1 Background Water shortage contingency planning is a strategic planning process that the City of Santa Ana (City) engages in to prepare for and respond to water shortages.A water shortage is defined as when available water supply is insufficient to meet the customer demand at a given point in time.This may occur due to water supply availability changes, drought, climate change, water quality changes, and/or catastrophic events (e.g., major earthquake).The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), included in Appendix F and summarized in this chapter, provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions.This level of detailed planning and preparation is intended to help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions. The Water Code Section 10632 requires that every urban water supplier that serves more than 3,000 acre-feet per year, or has more than 3,000 connections, prepare and adopt a standalone WSCP as part of its Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP).The WSCP is required to plan for a greater than 50 percent supply shortage.The WSCP may require updating based on new California Department of Water Resources (DWR) requirements every five years and will be adopted as a current update for submission to DWR by July 1, 2026. 8.2 Overview of the Water Shortage Contingency Plan The WSCP serves as the operating manual that the City will use to prevent catastrophic service disruptions through proactive, rather than reactive, mitigation of water shortages.The WSCP defines the processes and procedures that would be deployed when shortage conditions arise so that the City's governing body, its staff, and the public can easily identify and efficiently implement predetermined steps to mitigate a water shortage to the level appropriate for the degree of water shortfall anticipated.The relationship between the three procedural documents related to planning for and responding to water shortages, the UWMP,the WSCP, and the WSCP Ordinance, is graphically depicted in Figure 8.1. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Urban • - A comprehensive water ••• management action plan to assess 00, water supply reliability. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... A detailed plan to predict and ••• mitigate a water shortage - 00 condition. .......................................................................................................................................... . .................................................... .. ............ ..................... .. ... .. ..... ..... ...................... Water Shortage Contingenly Provides the legal authority to Response Ordinance enforce the Water Shortage s Contingency Plan Figure 8.1 Purpose and Relationships of the UWMP,WSCP, and Water Shortage Response Ordinance A complete version of the City's WSCP is provided in Appendix F and includes the steps to assess whether a water shortage is occurring, and what level of demand reduction actions to trigger for the most appropriate response to the water shortage conditions.The WSCP has prescriptive elements, including an analysis of water supply reliability; the drought shortage actions that align with water shortage levels that correspond to water shortage percentages ranging from 10 percent to greater than 50 percent; an estimate of potential to close supply gap for each measure; protocols and procedures to communicate identified actions for any current or predicted water shortage conditions; procedures for an annual water supply and demand assessment; monitoring and reporting requirements to determine customer compliance; and reevaluation and improvement procedures for evaluating the WSCP. 8.3 Summary of Water Shortage Response Strategy and Required DWR Tables The WSCP is organized into the following three main sections with Section 3 aligned with the California Water Code Section 16032 requirements. ■ Section 1 Introduction and WSCP Overview gives an overview of the WSCP fundamentals. ■ Section 2 Background Information provides a background on the City's water service area. ■ Section 3 Water Shortage Contingency Preparedness and Response Planning. Section 3.1 Water Supply Reliability Analysis provides a summary of the water supply analysis and water reliability findings from the 2025 UWMP. Section 3.2 Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures provides a description of procedures to conduct and approve the Annual Assessment. Section 3.3 Six Standard Water Shortage Stages explains the WSCP's six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and more than 50 percent shortages. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO >> Section 3.4 Shortage Response Actions describes the WSCP's shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels. >> Section 3.5 Communication Protocols addresses communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding any current or predicted shortages and any resulting shortage response actions. Section 3.6 Compliance and Enforcement describes customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions. » Section 3.7 Legal Authorities describes the legal authorities that enable the City to implement and enforce its shortage response actions. Section 3.8 Financial Consequences of the WSCP provides a description of the financial consequences of and responses for drought conditions. Section 3.9 Monitoring and Reporting describes monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements. Section 3.10 WSCP Refinement Procedures addresses reevaluation and improvement procedures for monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the WSCP. Section 3.11 Special Water Feature Distinction provides a required definition for inclusion in a WSCP per the Water Code. Section 3.12 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Availability describes the process the City followed to adopt its WSCP. The WSCP is based on adequate details of demand reduction and supply augmentation measures that are structured to match varying degrees of shortage and will aim to make the relevant stakeholders understand what to expect during a water shortage situation.The City adopted water shortage levels consistent with the requirements identified in Water Code Section 10632 (a)(3)(A) (Table 8.1). The six shortage levels the City uses in their water shortage planning and documented in their WSCP are the same as DWR's six standard shortage levels in terms of percentage shortage range for each of the six levels, as indicated in Table 8.1. The water supply augmentation measures that align with each shortage level are described in Table 8.2.This table also estimates the extent to which that action will augment supplies to reduce the gap between supplies and demands.The demand reduction action measures that align with each shortage level and how each measure will reduce the shortage gap between expected supplies and the shortage level is summarized in Table 8.3. The purpose of Tables 8.2 and 8.3 is to demonstrate the results the City can expect once shortage level actions are implemented to deliver the expected outcomes necessary to meet the requirements of a given shortage level. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 8.1 Cross-Reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels SupplierSubmittal Table 8-1: Cross-reference for Standard vs .. Water Code Section 1, 0Check the box if the Supplier •. • six levels of • .•- Proceed to the next table. MA Standard Shortage Percent Shortage Suppliers Shortage Percent Shortage Levels Range Levels Range 1 Up to 10% 2 Up to 20% 3 Up to 30% 4 Up to 40% 5 Up to 50% 6 >50% NOTES: Table 8.2 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions SupplySubmittal Table 8-2 Retail: Water Code Section1. YesIs the Supplier • . - . this table using the standard • Supply Augmentation Methods and How much is this going to reduce Other Actions by Water Supplier the short-fie ap? • .•- .• Additional Explanation or Shortage Drop down list .. , Reference Level These are the only categories that ,_ _ _ . , (OPTIONAL) will be accepted by the WUEdata online submittal tool (AF) Add additional rows as needed 1 through 6 Other Purchases Percentage 0-100% Additional imported water purchases through MET Additional groundwater 1 through 6 Other Purchases Percentage 0-100% pumping through Orange County Groundwater Basin DWR NOTES: Units of measure(AF,CCF,MG)must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. NOTES:Additional Imported Water Purchases to meet the supply gap may have financial ramifications per the MET's Water Supply Allocation Plan.Additional Groundwater Pumping in the Orange County Groundwater Basin is subject to OCWD's policies and may be subject to financial ramifications. AF-acre-feet;CCF-centum cubic feet; MG-million gallons CITY OF SANTA ANA 8-4 \ � co F- � / 2 § 3 § ƒ \ ƒ \ \k / \ ƒ§ $ gGE \ U- J z § 0) u 2 6 § k LU # n $ 7 = 2 / E 0 o $ 2 I > « m - ® o 2 R � \ f ƒ ) \ / \ � / _ . c ; _ $ )_ 2 0 ° » \ ® / Ln \/ /� \ \ =3 � § 2 « _ § E = o -0 Co \ \ % cu / / a \ = - § /?- § 72 ± 5 a) - 72 ¥ / _ G � 0 2 o> ) � 0 _ \ ck \® cu0- ~ ° » ® m7) w = ° @ _ ® m ° -- = ° 2 E7 « 28 a o y a \ § 7 « = w - 3 5 5 ° % w ° &7 2 _ 2 k 2 § .- / b % �_ o - ._ e o y c 4 $ % E t ° > ° m = - c @ \ co _ ± § m > m E 2 2 / m m b .= _ o a 5 M :30Coty % % ƒ 3 / § / M q a § 9 M \ E20 . 2E f m / ® « 0 _o E _ / CUc / � 2 7 c o � a)2 -E n & c � 0 m ® ° ° k \ 1:11\ � = 03 : \ - 5 _ � \ / � � � \ / � \ \ / co � 7 n � � / g SQ c ° Dn c E &/ o ® E &/ o q q q % q ge % � G@e % m J \ > _ _ g \ > - _ _ g 2 s s 5 5 5 = t � > e 0-t � > . _ - ) C) a) i- g i- g o m 2 2 » m m m y/ » m e 2 E � f \ = 2 \ / s U) ® ° E - ® » c 7 _ = a = c = = 2 - ° 5 = 2 = 5 c = % 2 / 2 7J % J -0 76 2af / 20 \ t \ \ \ \ m5R § \ \ * ) * E \ 7 f 7 CT 5 2 § ccC) :3 = ao = :E CO @ m m $ � � ƒ © � f cn . ƒ \ _ cn D 3 \ 2 y 6 7 � � / < ` ± � ' \ / � � ® E + E / 2 2 5 - k9G22 � - _ � m@ / @ = = 9 - \ % ¥ $ R o = 4 § Co - - > -0 * o = w 2 _ % . o .2 % + = o * y - f » - 2722ma - - » / � \ 0t: ° Em3 & 3 \ eo g eg ¥ S / \ G \ Q &kka � U) & 0 » . % = m = e = m \ o o 2 = = e - c o U = = o = gG � o x - E = y = = $ U) , R — co -0 yE EocG 7 ' 7 G c c g o C � - = 2 - a , _ ' c 7 w � _ _ � = E ƒ � # \ / \ _ / \ 3 ) < / \ � ) � � 07E � 0 co_j 3 / � » / < CL : .§ z Ln / G 3 \ o o c c o c o & - / \ _ 0 F- § z o ¢ m 0 - ,z v U m O O O O O cy,i O O .Q Q co ¢ c ■i Q- O w ¢ o � a w z w LL N O O N p c U c _ _ lD O _�.J m m O) m 7 p Np O � a) cn E cn N C N In a) m r O c > cn O- c > () CC ¢ m >, E U c a) O = N a) 7 N c Q) cn - a) a) N ?�: L v7 U p N O T O N ( U O c cn L--. O_ O m N Oa) c O cn c >a O a -p ¢ , U m (n O N � a O a) c .Cc06 elf W O rn L .- �--' i6 p m U N LOQiV cn !E m N & j Na - 5 @ cc ocz N > EU - L) O O a) m �pLac) `..a Q�UmD_n `unim cb u Q : i nm a) N m > nc U � O w cLD L L m a) u o 'n (n cn _0 - wN O (n m a ) E E L U) N cu c cn cnaU) O 0')Q z3E cn O s co o p ' — a) (n O a) : 0 N �.N a) >+ (� U X p N N c 7 p) N "p m N a) Z3 O L � a) E a) c (n Q O Co c a E C 7 m Q i 2i c a) E w o0 O Co O c a) a U w z a) • a) a) a) m a) c ui E a) vi m a) a) • - .> .0 co mc .> .0 � Co— c .> .0 N Co c a0 ■ o c m � c0i w o c m = 0 `n a c m es cam) `) o 0 0 0 J ._ O U) c O J O c p J O a) m — r cf7 O Cl. pz 0 � mz a) CDC�a O) mz a) 0, O O O O a) m m m cm U' pc `ni pcaLi is pcm 0 ca cu U c� Oo a aa a) OU a) OUa)U CTL _ u7 0' a) a) a) U • � m O1 cm p U U U_ U • 2 N a) a) a) • ■ d 0- 0- a_ cn m U U c c c O O O O O a) �■ Q H �= = — o � E o E E E .o 1 _ O — J a) �O c �O c �O c 0 .L c • .� C m -p m 0) c C c .O U 3 a) O O L U O m N -� Q � U U Q L a 15 LP-- • — a) a Q O a o (n cn mca- U UU -0a m n -0 0 Q) O1 w y 0 m N Co fn fn -O -o _0 c U US co m m a) a) a) J m m m J ¢ E U U .9 p O_ O_ O_ m z a) m o N W W W Q c H a z p ¢ C— N U) Co () a) a) m p p O } J Cl) Q _H V z0 = F � cu 3 2 Lu� / § - = \ ƒ 2 ƒ ƒ ƒ 2 \ § $ gM ƒ � EE z § ƒ u 2 6 I « § \ § .� c o / ( \ ƒm \ 3 / \ m r 2 o K § _0 ± k / [ \ 0- -0 \ .� % S / 6 // 0 0 \ - ° Co 2 f $ / » f $ ƒ 4 - k ƒ / 2 �f ƒ# t E / \_ - ƒ ° 22J 0-ƒ ® E ~ § \ b � \ ƒ 2 ° a E S f » \ / r / k co ƒGm ° ® / % U) ±� E� ® -ƒ ®3y \ _ \o ±_ > g t a m � ' _ o in r / 2 E ® 0 _ / 0 ® / r G y ® L » f w / )/ gym § y / \ / < = \ ƒ k 22 / 2 2 � k E o E - - _ � < .5 \ E » � ƒ - 0 e $ Q , § E g 2 5 / ± E &\ = w E &-0 _ = g = co g cm § m \ © k cos f 1 cu' �p & f &m 22o (n &2bcn x ' m / / \ \ / 9e \ / 5 / 9 ® § gG / a - 6 a ± c± 2 G c 2 c = 2 G c 4 6 a 2 = .= aqU —i> a5J9 2 % C $ m § * 0 C,) § \ / % ) ao = / G \ ao = . n \ . g g Ln / / / / / - / \ \ \ k \ *2 \ \ a a § / ƒ /_ ¥ ® � � \ lee / / 2 I (n cu D ® § /\ / / * / _ / # ° ® � / / E G + / n m - £ m c 7 / a $ § 0 8 a q E / � ) f » - = n = &1E \ = 0 o � 233 �» » $ Soe * $ - � � ƒ E ( 75 \ \ % : � o "n6-0 \ g ƒ \ m � � / \± / J \ 0 7 G c = = o = _ � 0 ® g * _ ® g , ° ° 2- � _ = E 5 £ 3 ƒ § � u � 2 , ® g \ o z ± % \ a - 2 m / E 3 e E ) : 2 z /s K . / 0 g � a a a @ - . m \ � � F- u z o C? Q ai > co m 0cu - Lu U E n o (n (n cn o (no cn 0 0 -0 U D 0 z z z z Lu LL — p O O Q- Oco ¢ c ■i O- 0 Q 0- ul cn � a _ w LL C � O C C a) a) -O C co O i O U 0 CB Cp -O >+ f6 C a) O U N C C L E a) co U O z o Z� co O O C6 OO fn a) -� U CB ¢ N !n [T Q 7 a) U L cn a) Q Q co Q � -0 N 0 0 � U U _ � 0 0 � U m _ O 'O C O_ N -0 C 0 co N C Ci m En U L U U �O U a) a) O O O U co Co 0 O Q) O - ( O a) .0 O O Q) O N cu [6 .— O E O .0 a3 Co � O U U c Q n cc � ui .� c (n cn 0 ca o z cn 0 c CU U `0 0 o a) w n E o 0 0- ia O > O ca a) a`) m L) U cz -0 a) U CD-_� c c) a) -0 c a) o `o - a) a) a) z� cn m c Q d M C [6 O fn OU U O CD O C (6 a) 7 a) c 0 3 oa Q o o a) c m U) 0) � Cv — a oo N c c cu o -E u) a) o U) 0- c6 !E U) N � U O o N c o c o Q Q C O — C 0 C N (6 co Z, m — O a) a) Q — c — a) a) (n Q Q jL c o a>�i J O 3 0- a) • U N 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 C-- Cf) CZ) L6 O O O O O O m co C O a) O) U U = — U aJ a) N C Z o' a) 0' N a) a) U • 7� T 0) C� O C� 1 ZT 01 cm CC6 46 CB CB C C C C C C a) 0 U U U U U_ U _ U _ • = a7 a) a) a) a) aJ a) a) a) • ■ a_ 0- 0- 0- a_ 0- U) 0_ 0_ 0_ L a) U) " m a) .- O a) N O O C � m �, m � m _> O O 0 � U • . C (�6 CB c (9 oN O 'O LLa) � E D La NCs U U as o U O� 0 omoCo 00 � C U m 0-- O 'O d _ ' Q0 o O6 (U6 + Q' co � E E QEi o� a -0 E a) on 0 CU Cm ai . 0 Q fl a) 0)W o m c w cn a) ca Q c G Ca c c c c c m co a�i a) ' J U m E cm ca rn a) 0o E ¢ a) 0 U c 0 J a) J a) J a) 0 3 0 0 E c z m CO N U U U U N C6 Q C H O z () " Q 0)— N rn m a) Q) a) O N N N Cl) Cl) M M Cl) M 0 } J70 Cl) Q _H V z O a� ¢ ai > co m 0 - F- cm a) Cv O c vU 0 (D W (D o a`ni a`ni a`n �0 W _O O Q- O_ co ¢ C ■i O- O Q 0 W c 0 � a w ca @ '� o O' wLa T E L) 3 z o a U) a a) a) �5 o 0) m 0 0 o Y N a) (6 yL--. a) co N a C O) C a3 y 00 L N � O- 7 7 O U ?� a N co Q O C O) O C6 � L � i�� m vi a) E [6 (d C O .i � v7 O a) a) CCL N a) O E0-) OO a) a C O O .� CU a) E > co � o C aoi '" a) a) a) O co ca o a`) c) ca - a`) a) � a, E ca � a co 0 0 3 rnIn O Z 0_a Q yam-. a 'Q-L"— LO "� CL ?aa m -O (Q"= O > is O (n U)) a) c) c L > > o c�a E E > C 7 Y a) a O_ cn a U N L �' C >. U Q (6 a) O_ E � a5 a5 a C6 '� C C c6 O U a) C6 O' _ E a0s a) > a a)= ai a ) Lo o = � o — 0 > a) o o o -caE i Coai E 0 0m -o_ . .= O E a) oo 0 a) a) c aacv)Q co i coo) � a g-0 — oa � ivca a) 0 a aO C � @jn a) co cm Q mLo `n C) 0) E c .� .� L 2 o ca cv � .� a) L cn o ,c_o .� 0' iv ao w CD LL a) E c�a 4) 'C U o) cu C U ~ c6 O-� d "> O ■ o O)Cl) CD- O �, c6 a) o 0 0 o LC) c C Co L U cn C) o N O� J .L O O CO Z Z5 c LO ON 0) NOi CO cm C = U cb 0 U cn6 Q U a) 07 L co L aJ a) N a) aJ N a) U • D1 O) O) O) O) O) O cD c6 (6 E c c c a) c6 c4 a) c c c c • 2 a7 a) a) a) aJ N a) C C N �■ . .0 CO a) - 3 c O . s . O 5 .0 U QL 2 -iW NoO a) C Q H — U O > � a O .0 a o a = icon o C o • C, a) a) aca)cv Ci) 4 C a — aL o c is O- >j 0 U aaCD " am " aa) E 0 E)5 c N � vL ) co E m o " c i m E a � a) U cn O cn (n UO_ n Ec O E - NLoCJa J L C) .S _ c p Zap0U) p co u C) v7 ¢ ca a z () � ¢ C— 0 v) u) co a) a LL Q) CoM M M M M Cl) 0 } J CO Q _H V ƒ g o k a �® \ Z � cu 'Fa L / 2 § - = \ ƒ ƒ \ ƒ \ ƒ ƒ ƒ \ ƒ < gM ƒ U- EE z § 0) u 2 6 § k LU � N D k7 » k � \ z0 \ \ = eo _ _(D ± r & _ e a5 f � < / ) (n 0 - J6 = I a % 22g 2 w \ o 0 - / * m m ) q = 0 2 0 @ 3 m tw & 2 � ® = E e G m t 2 co« � E3k2 _ »A ± - # toEf3 = g _ ) k GaE / -0 a)cu ® / / ) \ 2 < 5 m comic = = ) = - EG = - CZ? 2 73 »= = = = » ° GE ƒ \ . � 5 0 & y = o o c e = s 2 % 2 � � ƒ _ / ° ° $ � >/ O � 2@ mot § � a_ 0 03 76 = - ono - _ E - -- 2 ® % E ® § ® ® � � ° 2 � 03 % y \ � 0 .0- cc - � Co 7 / ¥ � « .2 k 2 - wm - \ \ \ } M w / \ / 0- / k / U / \ / m � > k ° § 7 / / 5220 - k \ n00, 2ff -0 / * m \ \ ± E 0 % cn / b 0- 0 IL R 2 * 3 / ® + y a 3 / / / / / a / \ 3 kCD Ln , 3 0 a) 0) o a) o a) o = o ( 2 2 / 2 2 2 2 2 2 / 0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ / \ / / ƒ ƒ 3 \ - 0 7 = � \ 2 2 -0 5 / mo w / a ( § o / u \ e .= § 2 a/ § , kf = so _ .g 3 = E .Em » _ / / / / * \ = \ ) 5 \ o2LT cz / \ _ { ƒ = f cr = nm2 / ma .— at= -D E33a) Ey \ § 2a £ 5 = = � 0 » \ \ - ® � o ƒ ƒ / ® Co0 -0 r o o m- , o C ® .0 a = y o _ 70 - n *� _ _ _ M = e § - o CL , 2 = _ _ E - 0 » 77 = 0 � 0 3 3 E =6 , o o 0- _ - � o ® 6 -0 - m \ 2 = ° E c _ ° w m 0 E ± ) o + _ E = o 7o / 9� « 2CUE \ 2 \ $ + �2 � ' 2R Gg ® ea = = - \ £ ems = § / - $ e7 ƒ f \ / ' 2 0 0 .9 0 o 4 3 3 E E < c @ \ 2 c : 2 z /s K LL / = > Q - m r r m @ m < �F- u z o m O 2) - J F- O Lu V U LE d i (n En (n (n (n (n N En (n -0 UW .(D O a) (D N a) a) a) a) a) a) i 0 w LL — p _O O Q- Q co Q c ■i O- O 06 0 w cn � a w z O 2� LU r LL C/i a) i cn m Q) i v> o CO E N o a) o N rn a) i O a) (6 O_ (n O Z N � C C Q to E (n 7 C U Q cn O O CoOQ U oU (n > In O OU 6 (n � u7 U � o . o - o (n 2 N — �- a) o o � ooai � a)a o a) — = L � a) (n a) s o Q CU Ei � a)o co s — 0 na) Ei N — c Q oc a o oU Uo o .c o cu :z U U Hm p E s n m c � -0 19 L =,cu CE c C P m a x 0 m m o — a - E m -0 E LU o) Cl c� a >' Q o U Q- H o o ' -cn cu E E s �a H a) > m cn a) o �_ E cv (,; E o a) . cn 'O O Qco 12 O C N O O Q CL z a) � > i� an' E o Q aa) -a o tD O O cn Co O OU 0 OL O m E o E a) _ T a a) In ca o :E (Ln ~ a) a) O U O No o N O O LO LO O O C O' O O O O O L(') LO � m �) O cn O a) O cm c U U _ O :,:-: O m U E a) N N a) 0' U • 01 0) 0) O 0) m O O O in 2� • a) a) N a) a) a) aJ a] N N a) O • U U U U U U_ U U U U U Ur • _ a) (D (1) a) m m 0 a) a) 0 a) LL. O�■ • OO _ >+� -r � p — O ULQL aO U _ Co_ a) C O LU -2 N .O yc cn •• .O G � jaUi QQ OO i O 0 a) o ad o v 'COni OC� _o U 0U — =cu = 5 o ; a) a) a) a) a) R o cn LM y aa) - c �aQo E @ a) co Q' c 0 0 O O U E o E a) o V O ( v7 n O 0 O c � � aU co � � -- � 6 O~ U E i7 zJ O z (D O } = J Co Ln Ln Ln Lf) Lf) m m co co co co LU LL H O Cl) Q 0 Z V 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES Over the past several decades, water use efficiency and conservation have evolved from voluntary best practices into core regulatory requirements shaping urban water management throughout California and Orange County. In response to recurring droughts, growing urban demand, and increasing competition for limited water supplies, the California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC) was formed in 1991 to promote statewide cooperation on urban water conservation. Through the development and implementation of the CUWCC Best Management Practices, water agencies established a consistent, voluntary framework for improving efficiency through locally tailored programs.This early foundation was later strengthened by legislative actions, most notably Senate Bill (SB) X7-7,the Water Conservation Act of 2009, which set enforceable urban water use reduction targets to cut per capita use by 20 percent by 2020 and required retail water suppliers to actively manage demand as part of long-term water planning. All Orange County water agencies came together to create the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance and met compliance as a region. The City of Santa Ana (City) also met compliance individually. These efforts reflected a growing recognition that efficient water use is essential to ensuring reliability amid population growth, limited supplies, and increasing climate variability. Recurring drought conditions have further accelerated the pace and scale of conservation efforts in the last decade. The 2013-2014 drought prompted a statewide emergency response, culminating in an executive order mandating a 25 percent reduction in urban water use across California.All Orange County Water Agencies, including the City, met this reduction target as reported in Chapter 5 of this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP). More recently, the 2021-2022 drought reinforced the need for sustained efficiency gains and durable demand management strategies beyond temporary emergency actions.These regulatory and hydrologic drivers ultimately led to the passing and adoption of SB 606 and Assembly Bill (AB) 1668, the "Making Conservation a California Way of Life" legislation (passed in 2018 and adopted in 2024).The legislation establishes long-term water use objectives for individual water suppliers and reinforces conservation as a permanent element of water management. Together, these milestones underscore the necessity for the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), and the City to implement comprehensive demand management measures and meet established urban water use reduction targets to ensure regional water supply resilience. The goal of the Demand Management Measures (DMM) chapter is to provide a comprehensive description of the water use efficiency programs that the City has implemented in the most recent five years, is currently implementing, and plans to implement to meet its urban water use reduction targets. Per the "Making California a Conservation Way of Life" Framework (Conservation Framework), each Urban Water Supplier is required to calculate and report their Urban Water Use Objective (UWUO) and to stay within their calculated annual water budget. The UWUO is an aggregate efficient water use of: ■ Indoor Residential Use (population x gallons per capita per day [gpcd] standard). ■ Outdoor Residential Use (measurements of irrigated/irrigable area, local weather data, and a landscape efficiency factor). ■ Outdoor Use with Dedicated Irrigation Meters (measurements of irrigated area, local weather data, and a landscape efficiency factor). CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO ■ Distribution System Water Losses. ■ Approved Variances. ■ Potable Reuse Bonus. Additionally, the Conservation Framework includes commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) non-volumetric performance measures, including CII customer account classifications,thresholds for converting mixed-use CII meters (MUM) irrigating over half an acre of landscape to dedicated irrigation meters (DIM) or in lieu technologies, CII best management practices (BMP), and identification of, and information sharing with disclosable buildings. One of the City's top priorities since the adoption of the "Making California a Conservation Way of Life" Framework has been to make progress toward compliance with the Conservation Framework.This chapter will describe the City's DMM activities, including those administered by its wholesaler MET and regional partner MWDOC as well as supplemental programs administered locally at the retail-level. 9.1 City of Santa Ana Demand Management Measures This section describes the specific DMMs performed by the City, including DMMs offered in partnership with MET, its wholesaler, and with MWDOC, to encourage water conservation within their service area. Table 9.1 summarizes DMM implementation by the City as well as responsibilities of MET and MWDOC. Table 9.1 DMM Implementation Responsibility and Regional Programs in Orange County Efficiency Measure Responsibility Of: D• Regional Retailer MET as a Program I Wholesaler Activities Operations Practices Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs - ✓ ✓ Conservation Pricing ✓ - ✓ Conservation Coordinator ✓ - ✓ Water Waste Prevention ✓ ✓ ✓ Water Loss Control ✓ ✓ ✓ (System Water Audits, Leak Detection and Repair) Metering with Commodity Rates ✓ ✓ Education and Outreach Public Outreach Programs ✓ ✓ ✓ K-20 Water Education Initiatives and K-12 School Programs ✓ - ✓ Orange County(OC)Scouts Boy Scouts of America(BSA) ✓ - ✓ and OC Girl Scouts Programs Water Awareness Poster Contest ✓ ✓ ✓ Water Energy Education Alliance ✓ - ✓ Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper(QWEL)Training ✓ ✓ ✓ Program CITY OF SANTA ANA 9-2 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Efficiency Measure Responsibility Of: D• Regional Retailer METasa Program �Wholesaler Activities Residential Indoor Implementation Residential Indoor Rebates ✓ ✓ ✓ Flow Monitor Device Rebates ✓ ✓ ✓ Commercial,Industrial,and Institutional Implementation Water Savings Incentive Program ✓ ✓ ✓ On-site Retrofit Program ✓ ✓ CII Indoor Rebates ✓ ✓ ✓ (High Efficiency Toilets and Urinals, Plumbing Flow Control Valves,Connectionless Food Steamers,Air-cooled Ice Machines, Food Defrosters,Cooling Tower Conductivity Controllers and pH Controllers, Dry Vacuum Pumps, Laminar Flow Restrictors) Landscape Programs Turf Replacement Program(including Tree Rebate) ✓ ✓ ✓ Spray-to-Drip Irrigation Rebate Program ✓ - ✓ Landscape Rebates ✓ ✓ ✓ (Smart Timers, High Efficiency Sprinkler Nozzles, Large Rotary Nozzles, In-stem Flow Regulators) Residential Landscape Design Assistance Program ✓ - ✓ NOTES: (1) MWDOC does not own or operate a distribution system;water wholesaled by MWDOC is delivered through MET distribution system and meters. 9.1.1 Operations Practices 9.1.1.1 Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs MWDOC's Assistance Programs are described in Section 9.3. 9.1.1.2 Conservation Pricing There are two parts to the City's water service charges: a fixed Basic Service Charge and a variable Commodity Charge.The Basic Service Charge is a fixed amount based on the connection's meter size and is billed bi-monthly.The Commodity Charge is determined by the amount of water served to the property and is measured in hundred cubic feet (HCF).The City also provides private fire water service and recycled water to specific customers and has a Private Fire Service Charge and a Recycled Water Commodity Charge. The City's is currently undergoing a rate study to update the City's water rates. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 9.1.1.3 Conservation Staff The City's water conservation programs are funded by the water ratepayers.The conservation program efforts are factored into the City's existing and future water rates as currently adopted.The following staff positions support conservation program efforts. Water Service Quality Coordinator The City's Water Service Quality Coordinator, a position created in 1991, acts as the water conservation coordinator.The conservation coordinator is responsible for conservation program activities and acts as a liaison with MWDOC, MET, California Water Efficiency Partnership (CalWEP), and others.The City's conservation coordinator's duties include the following: ■ Administer the contracts that the City has with MET and MWDOC regarding rebate programs. ■ Conduct surveys at the request of residential and business customers (or designate a staff member to do so). ■ Coordinate with other agencies and public groups' displays on conservation information and provide free water conservation materials to the public. ■ Monitor the recycled water program for the City. ■ Administer the City's education program using contractors or staff to educate children of City schools or other locations. Water Conservation Specialist The Water Conservation Specialist acts as supporting staff to the Water Service Quality Coordinator.The Specialist develops, implements, coordinates, and monitors water conservation related programs, projects, and activities, represents the City regarding conservation issues, and works with customers and staff to reduce the City's water demand. Common duties include the following: ■ Monitor water conservation program participation and metrics; assist in managing program schedules, budgets, and consultant resources; and help coordinate related contracts, agreements, and purchase orders. ■ Perform a variety of customer service functions related to water use efficiency including educating customers regarding water usage, water conservation, and incentive and rebate programs. ■ Develop water usage and conservation content; prepares and disseminates informational materials for outreach efforts; participates in presentations at community events. ■ Serves as liaison between the City and other agencies and organizations to coordinate water conservation and water use efficiency efforts. 9.1.1.4 Water Waste Prevention Ordinances The City Council adopted the Water Conservation Program Ordinance No. NS-3016 in April 2022. Ordinance No. NS-3016 reenacts the City's Water Conservation Code (Chapter 39 of Article VI),which establishes permanent water conservation requirements and prohibitions against water waste that are effective at all times (not dependent upon a water shortage for implementation). CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO The Ordinance reaffirms the requirements established in Ordinance No. NS-2877 from May 2015 and are as follows: ■ No washing down hard or paved surfaces. ■ Limits on watering hours. ■ Re-circulating water required for water fountains and decorative water features. ■ Drinking water served upon request only. ■ Limits on washing vehicles. ■ Commercial lodging establishments must provide guests option to decline daily linen services. ■ Restaurants required to use water conserving dish wash spray valves. ■ Obligation to fix leaks, breaks, or malfunctions. ■ No installation of single pass cooling systems. ■ No excessive water flow or runoff. ■ No installation of non-recirculating water systems in commercial car wash and laundry systems. ■ No watering during or within 48 hours of measurable rainfall. ■ No irrigation of ornamental turf on public street medians with potable water. ■ Limits on irrigation with potable water of landscapes outside of new construction. In the event of a water supply shortage, the ordinance further establishes six levels of water supply shortage response actions to be implemented during times of declared water shortage or declared water shortage emergency,with increasing restrictions on water use in response to worsening drought or emergency conditions and decreasing supplies.The provisions and water conservation measures to be implemented in response to each shortage level are described in the City's Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP).The City maintains active water waste prohibition measures at all times and has the ability to implement additional measures as water conservation needs dictate. In 2015, as a result of the Governor's drought mandates, the City began to track its water wasting prohibition enforcement activities. On June 2, 2015, the City declared a Phase 2 water supply shortage in Resolution No. 2015-025 by formally requiring all water consumers to reduce use by 12 percent relative to their 2013 consumption.Additionally, on August 4, 2015, a water wasting penalty rate was established by Resolution No. 2015-047.This new penalty rate permits City staff to penalize those users not meeting their water use reduction targets of 12 percent.The City as a whole has been meeting its state-mandated target; as a result,the City has yet to impose any monetary penalties on any of its users. The City has communicated the water wasting prohibitions and water conservation measures via various communication outlets available including messaging on water bills, bill inserts, bill envelopes, the City website, bus shelter advertisements, City newsletters, pole banners across the City, and a water conservation booth at community events.As a result, in 2015 the City received 1,064 water waster complaints: a dramatic increase from prior years.The City intends to continue both its water waste enforcement efforts and water conservation messaging in the future; however, the intensity of both activities will be directly related to the level of water conservation required to meet stated use reductions. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 9.1.1.5 Water Loss Control SB 1420 signed into law in September 2014 requires urban water suppliers that submit UWMPs to calculate annual system water losses using the water audit methodology developed by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). SB 1420 requires the water loss audit be submitted to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years as part of the urban water supplier's UWMP. Water auditing is the basis for effective water loss control. DWR's UWMP Guidebook includes a water audit manual intended to help water utilities complete the AWWA Water Audit on an annual basis. Since 2015,A the City has performed and submitted validated Water Loss Audits,which have identified areas for improvement and quantified total loss.Through expressing water loss audit results in terms of real losses per service connection per day allows for standardized comparison across retail agencies and is a metric consistent with the Water Board's forthcoming economic model. Each year, the City has taken and identified steps to reduce water losses. Recent efforts have included implementation of the Automated Meter Infrastructure (AMI) project, pipeline, and service replacements, maintaining a leak registry, and developing a City acoustic leak detection program.As part of the Automated Meter Infrastructure (AMI) project, water usage trends can be monitored more closely that will allow the ability for customers to detect leaks.. Proactive pipeline and service replacements have resulted in a fewer leaks. The City developed a Leak Detection Program in 2022 in collaboration with MWD and MWDOC that has utilized MWD member agency funding to support acoustic leak detection performed by MWDOC and staff and crews. Program has been successful in finding real leaks that have all been fixed by City staff and crews. 9.1.1.6 Metering The City requires individual metering for all water connections and bills by both a fixed-rate utility charge and volume-of-use, per meter size. In 2020,the City Council approved the deployment of AMI technology, which included replacing or retrofitting all meters within the system.AMI uses a two-way communication network to remotely collect water usage data, replacing the need for manual meter readings.This gives the City the ability to detect abnormal meter operations, which allows for targeted testing and replacement methodologies. As part of the AMI program, the City also upgraded its billing system software and established an online portal where customers can view their water usage, set water budgets, and be notified of unexpected consumption that may indicate water leaks. In accordance with the City's municipal code, all new development with over 1,000 square feet of landscape requires the installation of dedicated landscape meters.The City has also adopted a policy requiring individual metering of all users such as individual tenants of commercial plazas, residential condominiums, and apartments. Public Outreach and Education The City administers its own public education and outreach program and also utilizes and supports the programs administered by MWDOC and MET.The City develops, coordinates, and delivers a substantial amount of public information, education, and outreach programs aimed at elevating water agency and consumer awareness and understanding of current water issues as well as efficient water use and water- saving practices, sound policy, and water reliability investments that are in the best interest of the region. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO These efforts encourage good water stewardship that benefits all the City's residents, businesses, and industries across all demographics. An outline of the City's public education initiatives is below. 9.1.2.1 City of Santa Ana Public Outreach Print and Electronic Materials The City offers a variety of print and electronic materials that are designed to assist City's water users of all ages in discovering where their water comes from, what the water industry professionals are doing to address water challenges, how to use water most efficiently, and more.Through the City's social media presence, its website, Santa Ana Green newsletter, public service announcements, flyers, brochures, and other outreach materials, the City ensures that its residents are equipped with sufficient information and subject knowledge to assist them in making good behavioral and civic choices that ultimately affect the quality and quantity of the region's water supply. Public Events Each year, the City participates in an array of public events intended to engage and educate a diverse range of water users in water use efficiency and water quality topics. Some of these public events include: ■ Children's Water Education Festival - the largest festival of its kind, takes place every April at the University of California, Irvine.The Festival presents a unique opportunity to educate students about local water issues and help them understand how they can protect and preserve water and their environment.Approximately 7,000 third, fourth, and fifth grade students attend the event, presented by the Orange County Water District (OCWD), the Disneyland Resort, the National Water Research Institute, and the OCWD Groundwater Guardian Team. This two-day event brings students and their teachers together to learn about the importance of our natural resources. Students who attend the Festival are presented with a unique opportunity to learn about their local water issues and what they can do in their homes and community to protect and conserve water and the environment. Organizations and public agencies from Orange County and throughout California dedicate their time to help educate these young environmental stewards. Since its inception, more than 13S,000 children from schools throughout Orange County have been able to experience the Festival and all it has to offer. ■ City-Sponsored or Private Events—these events provide opportunities to interact with the City's water users in a fun and friendly way, offer useful water-related information and education to engage them in important discussions about the value of water and how their decisions may impact the City's quality and quantity of water for generations to come. 9.1.2.2 Education Programs and Initiatives Over the past several years, the City has amplified its efforts in water education programs and activities throughout its service area. This is accomplished by continuing to grow professional networks and partnerships that consist of education groups, advisories, Communication Linkage Forums, and Santa Ana Unified School District (SAUSD)teachers' groups for water centric learning. Several key water education programs and initiatives include: CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO K-20 Water Education Initiatives and K-12 School Programs The City collaborates with MWDOC to provide educational programs and activities for the City's youngest water users. Through this collaboration, the City has supplied its K-12 students with water-focused learning experiences for nearly five decades. Interactive, grade-specific lessons invite students to connect with, and learn from, their local ecosystems, guiding them to identify and solve local water-related environmental challenges affecting their communities.The school programs are aligned with state standards, and participation includes a dynamic in-class or virtual presentation, and pre- and post-activities that encourage and support science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM)-based learning and good water stewardship. Over the past several years, MWDOC's investment in K-20 water education has significantly grown, evolving to include programs and activities that support environmental literacy for all Orange County students.The effort has expanded beyond K-12 water education programs to include career and workforce development initiatives in higher education through the Water Energy Education Alliance (WEEA) described in more detail later in this section. Water Awareness Poster Contest The City's Annual Youth Water Poster Contest is an annual activity developed to encourage City's K-12 students to investigate and explore their relationship to water, connect the importance of good water stewardship to their daily lives, and express their conclusions creatively through art. Each year, the City receives hundreds of entries, and 12 winners from across the City are invited to attend a special awards ceremony with their parents and teachers. Landscape Training Classes Landscape training classes provide the City's residents with an opportunity to learn about rainwater capture, gardening practices that build a healthy soil, and proper plant selection that are consistent with our local environment.These classes educate City's customers to conserve water in their landscapes through sound practices and water-wise choices. OC Scouts Boy Scouts of America and OC Girl Scouts Programs The City, in partnership with MWDOC, hosts water education workshops each year to help Scouts BSA earn the Soil& Water Conservation Merit Badge and Girl Scouts earn the MWDOC Water Resources& Conservation Patch.These hands-on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) clinics teach children of all ages where their water comes from, how to use water more efficiently, and how all life depends on the health and security of our natural resources, fostering water awareness and responsibility through fun, activity-based learning. Water Energy Education Alliance The WEEA unites over 260 water, energy, and education leaders across the state to build and strengthen career pathways for all California students.Administered and led by the MWDOC, WEEA is comprised of a powerful statewide coalition of education leaders,workforce advocates, and industry experts to raise student awareness, forge strong partnerships, and cultivate a diverse, highly skilled talent pipeline. By connecting students with high-impact opportunities, WEEA is shaping a workforce that fuels industry success, enhances worker well-being, and ensures a resilient, thriving California. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper Training Program Since 2018, MWDOC and the City have offered free QWEL certification classes designed for landscape professionals. Classes are open to any city staff, professional landscaper, water district employee, or maintenance personnel that would like to become a Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper.The QWEL certification program provides 20 hours of instruction on water efficient areas of expertise such as local water supply, sustainable landscaping, soil types, irrigation systems, and maintenance, as well as irrigation controller scheduling and programing. QWEL has received recognition from EPA WaterSense for continued promotion of water use efficiency.To earn the QWEL certification, class participants must demonstrate their ability to perform an irrigation audit as well as pass the QWEL exam. Successful graduates will be listed as a certified professional on the WaterSense website, as well as on MWDOC's landscape resources page, to encourage turf removal participants or those making any landscape improvements to hire a QWEL-certified professional. Started in December 2020, a hybrid version of QWEL is available in conjunction with the California Landscape Contractors Association's Water Management Certification Program. This joint effort allows landscape industry an opportunity to obtain two nationally recognized EPA WaterSense Professional Certifications with one course and one written test.This option is offered through MET. t" Annual Youth Water P11111 Coll March 21.1d . 10 W MIN Hosted by ��S I WATER Figure 9.1 Tenth Annual Youth Water Poster Contest Flyer CITY OF SANTA ANA 9-9 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 'fttwe el a ua g s-gay_% Como to primera option 156(Mz Lie&el verano:La hidratacion pN a-, 1 VO es esencial NTE Los dias caturosos hacen que to cuerpo SA O. trabaje mas pare mantenerse fresco.Por eso. 1GE6AGU beber suficiente ague es aon mas importante O durante Los meses de verano.La hidratacion favorece to energia.concentration,digestion y temperature corporal,manteniendote en to mejor momento durante todo at dia. Crea habitos saludables en Agua deL grifo vs.agua Casa,eL trabajo y La escuela ZLa buena noticia?Mantenerse hidratado es sencillo.Ya sea que prepares to Los sisternas pdbbcos de agua corno el cle, almuerzo,trabajes turnos largos o Ana deben curnplir con estrictos est&ndares disfrutes de un dia at aire fibre,beber _ _ _ _ _ _ ntat ague a to largo del dia to ayuda a _ En carnbio._L agua_ _ sentirte major y a mantenerte aterta. Llada L _Leva una botella reutilizable.guardstA _ • y no requiere _ L mismo agua fria del grifo en el refrigerador y niveL de pruebas anade fruta fresca pare reatzar el labor. @ Los _ _ Agua del grifo de Santa Ana: segura,Limpia y reconocida No necesitas depender del ague monitorea.Las ernpresas cle, embotettada no El agua deL grifo de Santa ofrecen este niveL de transparencia. Ana ha sido premiada por su sabor y calidad.Se anatiza mas de ti.000 veces Puedes ver Los resuLtados - al afro pare cumpGr con los mas altos 9 eL - - - estandares de seguridad—y siempre esta disponible.directamente desde to grifo. Ahorra dinero,ayuda Y p at planets p Segura Lim pia,se siem re a to Beber ague del grifo cuesta alcance—eL agua del grifo de Santa Soto unos centavos p°'gate". Ana es La forma mas saludable, Depender del agua emboteLLada para hidratarse a diario puede economica y sostenible de costar ciento o por por p mas de mantenerte h idratado.Haz del agua mil,delares alt ano persona. Ademas.el agua del grifo ayuda to primera election en Casa,en La a reducir los residuos ptasticos y la contamination,que aumentan durante eL verano escuela y en eL trabajo. con[as actividades y eventos aL aire Libre. tu agua durante todo et • •comunicate con La Division nfah -OUKES DIIISION Figure 9.2 Bilingual Water Quality Flyer CITY OF SANTA ANA 9-10 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO �h A T , aInv WATER - 1 dowlir 00 na.org Figure 9.3 City of Santa Ana Community Event y Cl ratta t io , Santa Ana's y Figure 9.4 Santa Ana's Hydration Station in the Community CITY OF SANTA ANA 9-11 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO R i Figure 9.5 Santa Ana's Tet Lunar New Year Festival C� r = -An Figure 9.6 Santa Ana Fiestas Patrias Event 9.1.3 Residential Indoor Rebate Programs The City partners with MWDOC and MET to implement residential measures that target indoor water use efficiency for single-family and multi-family residential customers.These rebate programs are administered through the SoCal WaterSmart website. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 9.1.3.1 High Efficiency Clothes Washer and Toilet Rebate Programs The High Efficiency Clothes Washer (HECW) Rebate Program provides residential customers with rebates starting at $85 for purchasing and installing HECWs that use 35 to 50 percent less water than standard washer models. Devices must meet or exceed the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Tier 1 Standard, and a listing of qualified products can be found at the SoCal WaterSmart website. There is a maximum of one rebate per home. The Premium High Efficiency Toilet (HET) Rebate Program offers residential customers rebates starting at $40 for replacing their toilets using 1.6 gallons per flush with Premium HETs. Premium HETs use just 1.1 gallons of water or less per flush, which is 20 percent less water than WaterSense standard toilets. 9.1.3.2 Flow Monitor Device Pilot This pilot program provides rebates starting at $100, or more in select areas, per flow monitor device installed. These devices monitor a home's water use and can help detect leaks, making them a proactive tool for preventing expensive water bills and water damage due to unforeseen leaks.A list of residential rebate-eligible flow monitoring devices is provided. 9.1.4 CII Programs The City provides a variety of financial incentives, in partnership with MWDOC and MET, to help businesses, restaurants, institutions, hotels, hospitals, industrial facilities, and public sector sites achieve their efficiency goals.Water users in these sectors have options to choose from a standardized list of water efficient equipment/devices or may complete customized projects through a pay-for-performance where the incentive is proportional to the amount of water saved. Such projects include high efficiency commercial equipment installation and manufacturing process improvements. 9.1.4.1 Water Savings Incentive Program The Water Savings Incentive Program (WSIP) is designed for non-residential customers to improve their water efficiency through upgraded equipment or services that do not qualify for standard rebates.WSIP is unique because it provides an incentive based on the actual amount of water saved by the customers. This "pay-for-performance" design lets customers implement custom projects for their sites.The City partners with MWDOC and MET to offer this program. Projects must save at least 10 million gallons of water to qualify for the Program and incentives are paid by MET based on the amount of water saved. Payment amount is up to $0.60 per 1,000 gallons saved per year over the project life, up to a maximum of 10 years. Payments are limited to 50 percent of the eligible project costs while funding is available. Additional funding may be available through MWDOC, but it is limited. Examples of successful projects include but are not limited to changing industrial process system water to capture and reuse process wastewater, capturing condensation, and using it to supplement cooling tower water supply, and replacing water-using equipment with more efficient products. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 9.1.4.2 Recycled Water On-site Retrofit Program Through the Recycled Water On-site Retrofit Program,the City in partnership with MWDOC and MET, offers incentives for CII properties to convert potable water irrigation or industrial systems to recycled water. Financial incentives of up to $1,950 per acre-foot of potable water saved are available for the customer side on the meter retrofits. Recycled water conversion projects can help to ensure a more reliable water future for Orange County. 9.1.4.3 CII Rebates The City offers additional financial incentives under the SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program,which offers rebates for various water efficient devices to CII customers. Core funding is provided by MET and supplemental funding is sourced from MWDOC via grant funds and/or retail water agencies. Devices include high efficiency toilets and urinals, plumbing flow control valves, connectionless food steamers, air-cooled ice machines, food defrosters, cooling tower conductivity controllers and pH controllers, dry vacuum pumps, and laminar flow restrictors. �). .s Lanascape rro rams Some of the most active and effective water use efficiency programs the City provides are those that target the reduction of outdoor water use.With a large proportion of water consumed outdoors via landscape demands, this sector has been and will continue to be a focus for MWDOC and the City. 9.1.5.1 Turf Replacement Program The Orange County Turf Replacement Program offers incentives to replace existing turf grass with California-native, drought-tolerant plants and landscaping. Residential, commercial, and public properties in the City's service area are all eligible for this program. The goals of this program are to increase water use efficiency through sustainable landscaping practices that result in multi-benefit projects across Orange County. Participants are encouraged to utilize smart irrigation timers and furthermore, projects are required to include a stormwater capture feature, such as a rain garden or dry stream bed, and have a minimum of 3 plants per 100 square feet to increase plant density and promote healthy soils.These projects save water and reduce dry and wet weather runoff, increase urban biomass, and sequester more carbon than turf landscapes. Additionally, MWDOC is piloting a tree program that allows eligible trees to qualify as a sustainability feature in Turf Replacement projects. Because the City is a direct member of MET, residents can directly access this program. Beginning March 4, 2024,Turf Replacement Program participants became eligible for an additional incentive for planting trees as part of their Turf Replacement project. Participants can receive up to $100 per tree, for up to 5 trees ($500), in addition to the Turf Replacement rebate. The pilot goals include increasing the presence of trees in Turf Replacement projects and breaking down barriers to participation. It is anticipated that the pilot will be evaluated in 2026. Spray-to-Drip Rebate Program The City does not partner with MWDOC to offer this program though may consider doing so in the future. The Spray-to-Drip Rebate Program offers residential, commercial, and public agency customers rebates for converting areas irrigated by traditional high-precipitation rate spray heads to low-precipitation rate CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO drip irrigation. Drip irrigation systems are extremely water efficient. Rather than spraying wide areas subject to wind drift, overspray and runoff, drip systems use point emitters to deliver water to specific locations at or near plant root zones. Water drips slowly from the emitters either onto the soil surface or below ground.As a result, less water is lost to wind, evaporation, and overspray, saving water, and reducing irrigation runoff and non-point source pollution. 9.1.5.3 SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program for Landscape The City also offers financial incentives under the SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program for a variety of water efficient landscape devices, such as Smart Irrigation Timers and Central Computer Irrigation Controllers, large rotary nozzles and rotating sprinkler nozzles, soil moisture sensors, irrigation master valves, rain barrels and cisterns, and in-stem flow regulators. 9.1.5.4 Landscape Design Assistance Rebate This program is not currently offered to the City's residential customers though may consider doing so in the future. Residential customers who are participating in the turf replacement program and are seeking professional design services would be eligible. Participants must hire a landscape design professional to provide a design that meets the rebate eligible design requirements. Participants would receive up to $1,000 upon completion of their turf replacement project if they have used a professional designer. 9.2 City of Santa Ana DMM Implementation (2020-2025) During the past five years, FY 2020-21 to 2024-25, the City,with the assistance of MET and MWDOC, has continued water use efficiency programs for its residential, CII, and landscape customers with the participation shown in Table 9.2.The City will continue to implement all applicable programs in the next five years. Table 9.2 City of Santa Ana Water Use Efficiency Program Participation Program1 High Efficiency Clothes Washer(HECW) 154 167 104 40 47 High Efficiency Toilets(HET) 5 5 3 117 66 Flow Monitoring Devices(FMD) -- 0 0 0 0 Commercial Plumbing Fixtures(CII) 66 72 30 26 600 Water Savings Incentives Projects(WSIP) 0 0 0 0 0 Turf Replacement(Res.) 0 0 0 0 0 Turf Replacement(Comm.) 0 0 0 0 0 Landscape Design Rebate Program (LDAP) 0 0 0 0 0 Landscape Design Rebate Program (LMAP) 0 0 0 0 0 Spray-to-Drip(Res.) 0 0 0 0 0 Spray-to-Drip(Comm.) 0 0 0 0 0 Rotating Nozzles(Small Res.) 0 50 42 0 0 Rotating Nozzles(Small Comm.) 0 0 0 0 0 Rotating Nozzles(Large Comm.) 0 0 0 0 0 CITY OF SANTA ANA 9-15 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Program 1 Smart Timers(Res.) 34 18 15 24 13 Smart Timers(Comm.) 0 2 0 6 0 Rain Barrels 6 0 9 5 5 Recycled Water Onsite Retrofits 0 0 0 0 0 ®3 MWDOC Demand Management Implementation Assistance Programs To help facilitate implementation of DMMs throughout Orange County, MWDOC's wholesale efforts focus on the following three areas: (1) State Water Conservation Compliance Assistance (e.g., Conservation Framework and Non-Functional Turf); (2) Regional Rebate Programs and Local Program Assistance; and (3) Research and Evaluation.This both complies with and goes beyond the foundational BMPs of utility operations programs requirements. state Water Conservation Compliance Assistance To support Orange County retailers with compliance with SB 606 and AB 1668, MWDOC is providing multi-level support to assist agencies in meeting the primary goals of the legislation, including to use water more wisely and to eliminate water waste. Beginning in 2023, urban water suppliers were required to calculate and report their annual UWUO, submit validated water audits annually, and implement and report BMP CII performance measures. MWDOC offers Orange County water suppliers a Conservation Framework Technical Assistance Program (TAP) and Meter Area Measurements Program to assist them with compliance with the Conservation Framework. 9.3.1.1 Conservation Framework Technical Assistance Program (TAP) This program provides Orange County water suppliers with support on tasks that are required as part of the Conservation Framework. An agency may opt in to receive support with any of the following: ■ Readiness Assessment - perform a retailer-specific readiness assessment, including task recommendations and pricing to help retail agencies understand what areas need to be addressed. ■ Conservation Framework Compliance Plan - create a customized Framework Compliance Plan that outlines (1)what the retailer needs to do to prepare for compliance; and (2) what needs to be implemented to achieve the water savings necessary to comply with the Urban Water Use Objective. ■ Annual Report Compilation and Data Management - support the retailer with Annual Report preparation and assistance; and organize and manage data needed to comply with the reporting requirements of the regulation. ■ CII Account Classification - classify CII customer accounts according to the regulation requirements and create a guidance plan to keep classifications at 95 percent (or higher). CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO ■ CII BMPs and In-Lieu Technologies Implementation Plan - create a customized implementation plan mapping compliance with the Conservation Framework regulation, including the CII BMP requirements of§974, the in-lieu technologies and accompanying BMP requirements in §973, and disclosable buildings requirements in §974a. ■ Miscellaneous Framework Technical Assistance—various activities such as: >> Development of metrics and annual targets to demonstrate progress. Additional training or technical support. >> Workshop or webinar facilitation to spur cross-team collaborations. >> Develop outreach and engagement plans and implement meetings to support engagement of internal and external collaborators. Meter Area Measurements Program The program assists Orange County water suppliers in providing (1) landscape area measurements (LAM) associated with DIMs,which may include the creation of water efficiency budgets for dedicated landscape meter customers; (2) identification MUMS irrigating landscapes greater than half acre and subject to the regulation; and (3) reconciliation of DIM and residential LAMS where areas may overlap. 9.3.2 Regional Rebate Programs and Local Program Assistance MET administers and manages the City of Santa Ana's water-saving rebate programs on behalf of the City, such as the Turf Replacement Program. Through MET's BeWaterWise website and the SoCal Water$mart program, guidelines and outreach help Santa Ana customers improve water-use efficiency while providing support and administration for rebate incentives. In partnership with MWDOC, MET offers a holistic suite of programs accessible to all customer groups in the region and supports Santa Ana in developing and implementing programs within its service area. This collaboration includes assisting the City with the agency's program needs, including identifying target customer classes, acquiring grant funding from a variety of sources, and implementing, marketing, reporting on, and evaluating program performance. On behalf of Santa Ana, MET and MWDOC also organize and provide the following: ■ Monthly coordinator meetings. ■ Marketing materials. ■ Public speaking. ■ Community events. 9.3.3 Research and Evaluation An essential part of MWDOC's regional water use efficiency program is the ongoing research and evaluation of both existing and potential initiatives. Research allows an agency to measure the water savings benefits of a specific program and compare those benefits to the costs of implementing the program. This allows the agency to evaluate the economic feasibility of the program when compared to other efficiency projects or existing or potential sources of supply, before investing in new initiatives or continuing to implement existing programs. MWDOC routinely conducts statistical water savings (impact) evaluations and process evaluations to guide strategic investment and ensure the effective management of its regional water use efficiency programs. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO From 2021 to 2025, MWDOC conducted several research initiatives to support informed decision-making. In partnership with Flume Data Labs, MWDOC completed its Residential End Use Study in 2021,with subsequent updates in 2022 and 2024.This study provided detailed insights into disaggregated residential indoor and outdoor water use, significantly enhancing the understanding of water use patterns across Orange County. In 2023, MWDOC released its Potential and Opportunities study, which quantified the remaining water savings potential in the Orange County residential market, identified the most promising and cost-effective methods for reducing residential demand, and made recommendations on how best to direct financial and technical assistance to Retail Agencies and consumers for implementing residential water efficiency upgrades. To assess the economic impact of the Conservation Framework, MWDOC worked with M.Cubed and in 2023 published the Draft Water Use Efficiency Standards Economic Analysis: Impact Assessment of State-Mandated Urban Water Use Objectives. MWDOC continues to evaluate the impact of the regulation and Orange County retailer compliance. Additionally, MWDOC is piloting a tree program that allows eligible trees to qualify as a sustainability feature in Turf Replacement projects. Pilot goals include increasing the presence of trees in Turf Replacement projects and breaking down barriers to participation. It is anticipated that the pilot will be evaluated in 2026.A pilot research program investigating water savings associated with the replacement of broken pressure regulating valves at residential homes wrapped up in 2025.The results of this study are expected in 2027. 9.4 Urban Water Use Objective and CII Performance Measure Compliance A large focus for the City is to implement DMMs that will help them to meet the requirements of the Conservation Framework. DMMs described in this chapter may help to support member agencies with meeting their required UWUO and achieving CII Performance Measure Compliance. In addition, MWDOC provides support to agencies to assist with the calculation of UWUOs and compliance with CII performance measures via the Meter Area Measurement and TAP Programs, as described in Section 9.3. 9.4.'1 (JWUO Components Table 9.3 describes MWDOC's programs that will assist agencies in meeting their UWUO, through both direct measures (programs/activities that result in directly quantifiable water savings) and indirect measures (programs that provide resources promoting water efficiencies to the public that are impactful but not directly measurable).Additionally, MWDOC provides technical assistance to support water suppliers with compliance. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Table 9.3 MWDOC Programs to Help OC Retail Agencies Meet their Urban Water Use Objectives UWUO Component Calculation Program Impact Indoor Residential Population and gpcd Direct Impact Direct Impact standard High efficiency indoor fixtures Increased indoor residential and appliance rebates efficiencies and reductions of gpcd use. Outdoor Irrigated/irrigable area Direct Impact Direct Impact Residential measurement and a ■ Turf Replacement ■ Increase outdoor residential landscape efficiency efficiencies and reductions of factor of local ETo High efficiency irrigation and effective rebates gallons per square foot of precipitation Indirect Impact irrigated/irrigable area used. Indirect Impact ■ Online resources such as OC Friendly Gardens Webpage ■ Provide information, resources, and education to promote ■ Educational classes efficiencies in the landscape. _ I Outdoor Dedicated Irrigated area Technical Assistance Technical Assistance Irrigation Meters measurement and a DIM landscape classification Classification and measurement landscape efficiency and measurement of landscapes associated with factor of local ETo DIMs are required to complete and effective Direct Impact the calculation. precipitation ■ Turf Replacement Direct Impact ■ High efficiency irrigation rebates Increase outdoor residential efficiencies and reductions of Indirect Impact gallons per square foot of ■ OC Friendly Gardens Webpage irrigated/irrigable area used. ■ Educational training and Indirect Impact resources Provide information, resources, and education to promote landscape efficiencies. Water Loss Agency-specific loss Technical Assistance Technical Assistance factor and number of . Water Balance Validation The accuracy of the water loss connections Customer Meter Accuracy audit is validated for submission Testing to the State. ■ Distribution System Pressure Direct Impact Surveys Identify areas of the distribution Direct Impact system that need repair, replacement,or other actions to ■ Distribution System Leak limit water loss. Detection Bonus Incentives Volume of indirect Direct Impact Direct Impact potable reuse water Groundwater replenishment The GWRS(run by OCWD) applied to residential system(GWRS) recharges the groundwater basin and DIM irrigation with purified, highly treated uses; not to exceed wastewater,allowing OCWD- 15%of UWUO member agencies to access indirect potable reuse. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 9.4.2 CII Performance Measures Urban water supplies are required to report BMPs for CII customers. The City, in partnership with MET and MWDOC, offers a broad variety of programs and incentives to help CII customers implement BMPs and increase their water efficiencies (Table 9.4). Table 9.4 City of Santa Ana CII BMP and Water Efficiency Programs and Incentives Component Requirement Program Offered Impact CII Customer Classify each CII water user, Technical Assistance Technical Assistance Account based on the end-use of CII Customer Account Classify customer accounts Classifications water for the water user, in Classification according to the specified accordance with Energy Star categories to comply with the Portfolio Manager's 18 broad regulation. categories, in addition to 4 other categories. Large Landscape Identify all CII water users Technical Assistance Technical Assistance Identification associated with large Large Landscape Identify and map landscapes landscapes—landscapes identification associated with MUM irrigated with a mixed-use landscapes that are greater than meter greater than half an half an acre to comply with the acre regulation. Best Management Offer CII BMPs for customers Technical Assistance Technical Assistance Practices(BMPs) that exceed the BMP Implementation Provide a BMP Implementation recommended size, volume of Plan Plan to guide water suppliers water use,or another with a roadmap to compliance threshold with the regulation. Disclosable Identify disclosable buildings Technical Assistance Technical Assistance Buildings in service area according to Disclosable buildings Provide the California Energy the list provided by the list Commission list of disclosable California Energy buildings by water supplier to Commission comply with the regulation. CITY OF SANTA ANA 9-20 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER 10 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION The California Water Code (Water Code) requires the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to be adopted by the City of Santa Ana's (City) governing body. Before the adoption, the City must hold a public hearing allowing members of the public to provide input on the UWMP. Prior to the public hearing, the City must notify the public and surrounding cities, counties, and water agencies within its service area of the scheduled public hearing. Upon completion of the public hearing, the City's governing body shall vote to adopt the UWMP. Post adoption, the City submits the UWMP to the Department of Water Resources (DWR)while also making it available for public access. This section provides a record of the process the City followed to adopt and implement its UWMP. 10.1 Overview Recognizing that close coordination among other relevant public agencies is key to the success of its UWMP, the City worked closely with many other entities to develop and update this planning document. The City also encouraged public involvement through its public review and hearing process, which provided residents with an opportunity to learn and ask questions about their water supply management and reliability. Through the public hearing, the public has an opportunity to comment and put forward any suggestions for revisions of the Plan. Table 10.1 summarizes external coordination and outreach activities carried out by the City and their corresponding dates.The UWMP checklist to confirm compliance with the Water Code is provided in Appendix A. Table 10.1 External Coordination and Outreach External Coordination and • Date Reference Notified city or county within supplier's service area that water supplier is 02/18/2026 Appendix I preparing an updated UWMP(at least 60 days prior to public hearing) Public Hearing Notice 05/04/2026& Appendix 1 05/11/2026 Held Public Hearing 05/19/2026 Adopted UWMP and WSCP 05/19/2026 Appendix J Submitted UWMP to DWR(no later than 30 days after adoption) 06/18/2026 Submitted UWMP to the California State Library(no later than 30 days after 06/18/2026 adoption) Submitted UWMP to the cities and county within the supplier's service area 06/18/2026 (no later than 30 days after adoption) Notes: UWMP-Urban Water Management Plan;WSCP-Water Shortage Contingency Plan This UWMP was adopted by the City Council on May 19, 2026. A copy of the adopted resolution is provided in Appendix J. CITY OF SANTA ANA 10-1 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 10.2 Agency Coordination The Water Code requires the Suppliers preparing UWMPs to notify any city or county within their service area at least 60 days prior to the public hearing.As shown in Table 10.2, the City sent a Letter of Notification to the County of Orange and the cities within its service area on February 18, 2026 to state that it was in the process of preparing an updated UWMP. This notice of preparation is included in Appendix I. Table 10.2 Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties Water Code Section 0610642 City/Agency Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing Drop Down (yes/no) Drop Down(yes/no) City of Orange Yes Yes City of Garden Grove Yes Yes County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing Drop Down List Drop Down es/no Drop Down es/no Orange County Yes Yes NOTES: The City's water supply planning relates to the policies, rules, and regulations of its regional and local water providers. The City is dependent on imported water from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), the regional wholesaler. The City is also dependent on groundwater from Orange County Water District (OCWD), the agency that manages the Orange County Basin and recycled water from the Green Acres Project. As such, the City involved the relevant agencies in this 2025 UWMP at various levels of contribution as described below. The City's 2025 UWMP leveraged data and regionally consistent analyses supplied by MWDOC, such as population projections from the California State University, Fullerton Center for Demographic Research, and the information quantifying water availability to meet the City's projected demands for the next 25 years, in 5-year increments.This 2025 UWMP was developed in conjunction with MET and MWDOC's 2025 UWMPs to ensure consistency between the documents. As a groundwater producer who relies on supplies from the OCWD-managed Orange County Basin,the City coordinated the preparation of this 2025 UWMP with OCWD. Several OCWD documents, such as the Groundwater Reliability Plan, Engineer's Report, and Basin 8-1 Alternative were used to retrieve the required relevant information, including the projections of the amount of groundwater the City is allowed to extract in the 25-year planning horizon. The various planning documents of the key agencies that were used to develop this UWMP are listed in Chapter 2.2.1. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 10.3 Public Participation The City encouraged community and public interest involvement in the Plan update through a public hearing and inspection of the draft document on May 19, 2026.As part of the public hearing, the City discussed adoption of the UWMP, key components of the UWMP, and the conclusions that served as the basis of the UWMP. Copies of the draft 2025 UWMP were placed for public review at the City Clerk's and Municipal Utilities Department offices. Public hearing notifications were sent to retail agencies and other interested parties.A copy of the Notice of Public Hearing is included in Appendix I. The hearing was conducted during a regularly scheduled meeting of the City Council. 10.4 UWMP Submittal The City Council reviewed and approved the 2025 UWMP at its May 19, 2026, meeting after the public hearing. See Appendix J or the resolution approving the Plan. By June 18, 2026, the City's adopted 2025 UWMP was filed with DWR and sent directly to California State Library, the County of Orange, and the cities within its service area.The submission to DWR was done electronically through the online submittal tool - WUE Data Portal.The City will make the Plan available for public review on its website no later than 30 days after filing with DWR. 10.5 Amending the Adopted UWMP or WSCP Based on DWR's review of the UWMP, the City will make amendments in its adopted UWMP as required and directed by DWR and will follow each of the steps for notification, public hearing, adoption, and submittal for amending the adopted UWMP. If the City revises its Water Shortage Contingency Plan after UWMP is approved by DWR, then an electronic copy of the revised WSCP will be submitted to DWR within 30 days of its adoption. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO CHAPTER 11 REFERENCES California Department of Water Resources (DWR). (2026,January).Final Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook 2025. https://cwc.ca.ciov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Water-Use- And-Efficiency/Urban-Water-Use-Efficiency/Urban-Water-Management-Plans/Final-2025-UWMP- Guidebook/Final-2025-UWMP-Guidebook-Accessible.pdf Center for Demographic Research (CDR). (2025, July). Orange County Progress Report 2025 Volume 54. City of Santa Ana (2022, October). Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. https://www.santa-ana.org/hazard- mitigation-plan/ City of Santa Ana (2021,June). 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. https://www.santa- ana.org/documents/2020-urban-water-management-plan/ City of Santa Ana. (2022,April). City of General Plan. https://general-plan-santa-ana-ca.proudcity.com/ Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2025, December).2025 Urban Water Management Plan Draft. htWs://www-admin.mwdh2o.com/media/5ralzxiypubl ic-review-draft- february-2026-uwm12.pdf. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2020, April).2020 Integrated Water Resources Plan—Regional Needs Assessment. https://dIgOafigl2ywwq.cloudfront.net/media/sgvlkith/2020 irp needs assessment.pdf Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2025, April). CAMP4W Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water. https://cawaterlibraEy.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/CAMP4W-Climate- Adaptation-Management-Plan-for-Water.pdf Municipal Water District of Orange County(MWDOC). (2023, July). Orange County Water Reliability Study. https.•//www.mwdoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/MWDOC 2023-OC-Water-Reliabilit - Study-FinaLpdf Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), Orange County Water District (OCWD), Hazen & Sawer. (2025, December).2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum. https://www.mwdoc.com/your-water/water-reliability-planning Orange County Water District (OCWD). (2025, February). OCWD Resilience Plan—Adaptive Strategies for Securing Abundant and Reliable Water Supplies. https://www.ocwd.com/wp- content/uploads/OCWD-Resilience-Plan.pdf Orange County Water District (OCWD). (2025, February). Engineer's Report on Groundwater Conditions, Water Supply and Basin Utilization in The Orange County Water District. https://www.ocwd.com/wp-content/uploads/2023-24-Engineers-Report Final.pdf Orange County Water District (OCWD), City of La Habra, Irvine Ranch Water District. (2022, February). Basin 8-1 Alternative 2022 Update. https://www.ocwd.com/wp-content/uploads/05cbasin-8-1- alternative-2022-update.pdf CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). (2024,April). Connect SOCa12024. https://scag.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/23-2987-connect-socal-2024-final-complete- 040424.pdf CITY OF SANTA ANA 11-2 SANTA ANA 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan FINAL DRAFT / • • r � t tj 04 MMADDAUS in collaboration with S'Smith and r WATER ... MANAGEMENT INC. i '1 CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan May 2026 / DRAFT Prepared By: Prepared For: Carollo Engineers, Inc. City of Santa Ana 707 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 3920 20 Civic Center Plaza Los Angeles, California 90017 Santa Ana, California 92701 Phone: 213.489.1587 Phone: 714.647.5400 https://www.carollo.com https://www.santa-ana.orci In collaboration with: CDM MADDAUS WATER MANAGEMENT Smith #44 Making a Difference in the World of Water*M listen.think.deliver. This document is released for the purpose of information exchange review and planning only under the authority of Lisa Maddaus, Exp.June 30, 2026, California, C 60047. 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Contents SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION AND WSCP OVERVIEW 1 1.1 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Requirements and Organization 1 1.2 Integration with Other Planning Efforts 2 SECTION 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 2.1 City Service Area 4 2.2 Relationship to Wholesalers 5 2.3 Relationship with Wholesaler Water Shortage Planning 7 2.3.1 MET Water Surplus and Drought Management Plan 7 2.3.2 MET Water Supply Allocation Plan 8 SECTION 3 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANNING 10 3.1 Water Supply Reliability Analysis 10 3.2 Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures 10 3.2.1 Decision-Making Process 11 3.2.2 Data and Methodologies 12 3.3 Six Standard Water Shortage Levels 16 3.4 Shortage Response Actions 17 3.4.1 Supply Augmentation 17 3.4.2 Demand Reduction 17 3.4.3 Operational Changes 17 3.4.4 Additional Mandatory Restrictions 17 3.4.5 Emergency Response Plan (Hazard Mitigation Plan) 18 3.4.6 Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan 19 3.4.7 Shortage Response Action Effectiveness 20 3.5 Communication Protocols 20 3.6 Compliance and Enforcement 20 3.7 Legal Authorities 20 3.8 Financial Consequences of WSCP 21 3.9 Monitoring and Reporting 22 3.10 WSCP Refinement Procedures 22 3.11 Special Water Feature Distinction 23 3.12 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Availability 23 SECTION 4 REFERENCES 24 CITY OF SANTA ANA pw://Carollo/CA/MWDOC/204447-000000/03 Reports and Studies102 Deliverables/Grp3_Santa Ana UWMP/SantaAna_2025 WSCP.docx 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Appendices APPENDIX A DWR SUBMITTAL TABLES APPENDIX B SANTA ANA MUNICIPAL CODE CHAPTER 39 ARTICLE VI WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN APPENDIX C WATER SHORTAGE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL APPENDIX D NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING (PENDING) APPENDIX E ADOPTED WSCP RESOLUTION (PENDING) Tables Table 1 Cross-Reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels 16 Table 2 Agency Contacts and Coordination Protocols 21 Figures Figure 1 City of Santa Ana Service Area 4 Figure 2 Regional Location of the City of Santa Ana and Other MET Member Agencies 6 Figure 3 Resource Stages, Anticipated Actions, and Supply Declarations 8 Figure 4 AWSDA Reporting Timeline 11 Figure 5 Water Shortage Contingency Plan AWSDA Framework 12 CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Abbreviations % percent AF acre-feet AMI advanced metering infrastructure AWSDA Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment BPP Basin Production Percentage City City of Santa Ana DDW Division of Drinking Water DRA Drought Risk Assessment DVL Diamond Valley Lake DWR California Department of Water Resources EOC Emergency Operations Center EOP Emergency Operations Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency FY fiscal year GAP Green Acres Project GRP Groundwater Resilience Plan GSWC Golden State Water Company GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plan IAWP Interim Agricultural Water Program LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan MCL maximum contaminant level MET Metropolitan Water District of Southern California MWDOC Municipal Water District of Orange County ND non detect NIMS National Incident Management System OC Basin Orange County Groundwater Basin OCWD Orange County Water District PFAS per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonate ppt parts per trillion Producers Groundwater Producers SEMS California Standardized Emergency Management System Supplier Urban Water Supplier SWP State Water Project UWMP Urban Water Management Plan Water Code California Water Code CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO WEROC Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County WSAP Water Supply Allocation Plan WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan WSDM Water Surplus and Drought Management Plan CITY OF SANTA ANA iv 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION AND WSCP OVERVIEW The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) is a strategic planning document designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages.This WSCP complies with California Water Code (Water Code) Section 10632,which requires that every Urban Water Supplier (Supplier) shall prepare and adopt a WSCP as part of its Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP). This level of detailed planning and preparation is intended to help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions. The WSCP is the City of Santa Ana (City)'s operating manual that is used to prevent catastrophic service disruptions through proactive, rather than reactive, management. A water shortage,when the water supply available is insufficient to meet the normally expected customer water use at a given point in time, may occur due to a number of reasons, such as drought, climate change, and catastrophic events.This plan provides a structured guide for the City to deal with water shortages, incorporating prescriptive information and standardized action levels, along with implementation actions in the event of a catastrophic supply interruption.This way, if and when shortage conditions arise, the City's governing body, its staff, and the public can easily identify and efficiently implement pre-determined steps to manage a water shortage.A well-structured WSCP allows real-time water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions, enabling efficient management of any shortage with predictability and accountability. The WSCP also describes the City's procedures for conducting an Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment (AWSDA) that is required by Water Code Section 10632.1 and is to be submitted to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) on or before July 1 of each year, or within 14 days of receiving final allocations from the State Water Project (SWP),whichever is later.The City's 2025 WSCP is included as an appendix to its 2025 UWMP, which will be submitted to DWR by July 1, 2026. However, while developed in conjunction with the UWMP, this WSCP is a standalone document and can be amended, as needed, without amending the UWMP. Furthermore,the Water Code does not prohibit a Supplier from taking actions not specified in its WSCP, if needed,without having to formally amend its UWMP or WSCP. 1.1 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Requirements and Organization The WSCP provides the steps and water shortage response actions to be taken in times of water shortage conditions.WSCP has prescriptive elements, such as an analysis of water supply reliability; the water shortage response actions for each of the six standard water shortage levels that correspond to water shortage percentages ranging from 10 to greater than 50 percent; an estimate of potential to close supply gap for each measure; protocols and procedures to communicate identified actions for any current or predicted water shortage conditions; procedures for an AWSDA; monitoring and reporting requirements to determine customer compliance; and reevaluation and improvement procedures for evaluating the WSCP. CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO This WSCP is organized into three main sections, with Section 3 aligned with Water Code Section 16032 requirements: Section 1 Introduction and WSCP Overview gives an overview of the WSCP fundamentals. Section 2 Background Information provides a background on the City's water service area. Section 3 Water Shortage Contingency Preparedness and Response Planning. Section 3.1 Water Supply Reliability Analysis provides a summary of the water supply analysis and water reliability findings from the 2025 UWMP. Section 3.2 Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures provides a description of procedures to conduct and approve the AWSDA. Section 3.3 Six Standard Water Shortage Stages explains the WSCP's six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30,40, 50, and more than 50 percent shortages. Section 3.4 Shortage Response Actions describes the WSCP's shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels. Section 3.5 Communication Protocols addresses communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding any current or predicted shortages and any resulting shortage response actions. Section 3.6 Compliance and Enforcement describes customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions. Section 3.7 Legal Authorities describes the legal authorities that enable the City to implement and enforce its shortage response actions. Section 3.8 Financial Consequences of the WSCP provides a description of the financial consequences of and responses for drought conditions. Section 3.9 Monitoring and Reporting describes monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements. Section 3.10 WSCP Refinement Procedures addresses reevaluation and improvement procedures for monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the WSCP. Section 3.11 Special Water Feature Distinction provides a required definition for inclusion in a WSCP per the Water Code. Section 3.12 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Availability describes the process the City followed to adopt its WSCP. 1.2 Integration with Other Planning Efforts As a retail water supplier in Orange County, the City considered other key entities in the development of this WSCP, including the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), regional wholesaler for Southern California and the direct supplier of imported water to the City; and Orange County Water CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO District (OCWD), Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin) manager and provider of recycled water in North Orange County. Some of the key planning and reporting documents that were used to develop this WSCP are: ■ Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC)'s 2025 UWMP provides the basis for the projections of the imported supply availability over the next 25 years for the City's service area. ■ MWDOC's 2025 WSCP provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions that will help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions. ■ MWDOC's 2023 Orange County Water Reliability Study is a planning document to help guide planning for future water supply reliability for water providers in Orange County and provide input on regional water supply issues for MET. ■ 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum is a collaborative effort amongst MWDOC, OCWD, and all retail water suppliers in Orange County that developed water demand projections to produce regionally consistent forecasts across all Orange County water agencies. ■ OCWD's 2025 Groundwater Resilience Plan (GRP) is an adaptive strategies management plan outlining strategic projects to secure reliable future water supplies in the OC Basin. ■ MET's 2025 UWMP uses assumptions that fall within the plausible futures contemplated in MET's IRP to evaluate MET's future imported water supply reliability. ■ MET's 2025 WSCP provides a water supply availability assessment and guide for MET's intended actions during water shortage conditions. ■ OCWD's-2424 Engineer's Report provides information on the groundwater conditions, water supply, and basin utilization of the OC Basin. ■ OCWD's 2022 Basin 8-1 Alternative is an alternative to the Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) for the OC Basin, provides significant information related to sustainable management of the basin in the past and hydrogeology of the basin, including groundwater quality and basin characteristics, and addresses DWR's recommendations to ensure long-term basin sustainability. ■ City of Santa Ana's 2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) provides the basis for the seismic and other natural and natural disaster risk analysis of the water system facilities. SECTION BACKGROUND INFORMATION The City is one of the oldest cities in Orange County that was incorporated in 1886 and became an original member agency of MET on February 27, 1931. The City is governed by a non-partisan seven-member City Council, elected to serve staggered four-year terms, except for the Mayor,who serves a two-year term.The City Council appoints the City Manager and various members of commissions, committees, and citizen advisory groups, all of which may weigh in on water management issues and decisions for the City. CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 2e1 City Service Area The City is in the heart of Orange County and is the eleventh largest City in California. The City's Water Utility provides water service within a 27.5 square mile service area.The service area includes the City of Santa Ana and a small neighborhood in the City of Orange, near Tustin Avenue and Fairhaven by the northeast corner of Santa Ana. A map of the City's water service area is shown in Figure 1. Water System Facilities (REFERENCE ONLY) Squ uqe wrtne O xz � � . Young Squa camedeye ,O S a Park Santiago E 5anr.x f i. Santa Ana Porto a Park 17[h St Triage Elevates Tank St W .V a shi ngton Qch C&;G rare O c r-are Logan FWH.—d e Artes French Park �anta Anita Santa Ana Saddlebac n = View, w ist St 1 E 1st c, w.-,t w�ii xa ervwr �� Casa Bonita o4 wO O ���waa..n�� es wen zo Windsor Central Cary �4acific Park Lyon St, Village North Bella VI wa137 a all urt sladm - - ■ Windsor Cornerstone N Village New Horizons Mid-City Wilshire Village Square W Edinger Ave W Edinger Ave Madison Park r F Ed. test Shadow Run w�a xu Santa Ana • Valley Adams Memorial Park Laurelhurst O W Warner Ave ■ Delhi m Morning - n`o Sun Rosewood v 55 - w segea gadvot �� N urt stanon Metro ClAc '^ f awen za Sandpomte Wells Reservoirs MWD Pressure Regulating Lift Stations Connections Vaults Well 16 Well 32 Cambridge Reservoir ;t i PRV-1 Maxine Lift Station Well 18 Well 33 Crooke Reservoir PRV-2 Segerstrom Lift Station Well 20 Well 34 East Reservoir PRV-3 Well 21 Well 35 Elevated Tank PRV-4 Well 24 Well 36 Garthe Reservoir Well 26 Well 37 South Reservoir Well 27 Well 38 Walnut Reservoir Well 28 Well 39 West Reservoir Well29 Well40 Well30 Well41 Well 31 Figure 1 City of Santa Ana Service Area Although the City supplements its water supply portfolio with recycled water, the WSCP only applies to its potable water supply.The City is directly involved in wastewater services through its ownership and operation of the wastewater collection system in its service area and sends all collected wastewater to CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Orange County Sanitation District for treatment and disposal.The City provides OCWD Green Acres Project (GAP) recycled water to the southern part of the City, as detailed in Section 6.6 of the City's 2025 UWMP (Santa Ana, 2026). The City will determine the recycled water demand reduction actions for recycled water based on the availability of supply and to meet necessary wastewater discharge permit requirements. 2.2 Relationship to Wholesalers The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California: MET is the largest water wholesaler for domestic and municipal uses in California, serving approximately 19 million customers. MET wholesales imported water supplies to 26 member cities and water districts in 6 Southern California counties. Its service area covers the Southern California coastal plain, extending approximately 200 miles along the Pacific Ocean from the City of Oxnard in the north to the international boundary with Mexico in the south. This encompasses 5,200 square miles and includes portions of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura counties.Approximately 85 percent of the population from the aforementioned counties reside within MET's boundaries. MET is governed by a Board of Directors comprised of 38 appointed individuals with a minimum of 1 representative from each of MET's 26 member agencies.The allocation of directors and voting rights are determined by each agency's assessed valuation. Each member of the Board shall be entitled to cast 1 vote for each 10 million dollars ($10,000,000) of assessed valuation of property taxable for district purposes, in accordance with Section 55 of the Metropolitan Water District Act. Directors can be appointed through the chief executive officer of the member agency or by a majority vote of the governing board of the agency. Directors are not compensated by MET for their service. MET is responsible for importing water into the region through its operation of the Colorado River Aqueduct and its contract with the State of California for SWP supplies. Member agencies receive water from MET through various delivery points and pay for service through a rate structure made up of volumetric rates, capacity charges, and readiness to serve charges. Member agencies provide estimates of imported water demand to MET annually in April regarding the amount of water they anticipate they will need to meet their demands for the next five years. The City is one of MET's member agencies that purchases water directly from MET. The City's location within MET's service area and Orange County is shown in Figure 2. CITY OF SANTA ANA z O Q J a O �L zz v of w O Q F- z Q —� Z p U + O J w z ; ce O O LA N a LU Q 0 Q U 3 , .,Q� a r Mill ✓. cn U a �€ (D�Y LU cc �dBs cc cu U) � Q r a m E V ¢ � S Q Ln y� a a i 2 a d W 6 Z, & 0 E w E QLL z Of ❑ a 3 q�c+� x Ln N LL O � Y ®- U- u 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 2.3 Relationship with Wholesaler Water Shortage Planning The WSCP is designed to be consistent with MET's Water Surplus and Drought Management (WSDM) Plan and Water Supply Allocation Plan (WSAP), and other emergency planning efforts as described below. MET's WSAP is integral to the WSCP's shortage response strategy in the event that MET determines that supply augmentation (including storage) and lesser demand reduction measures would not be sufficient to meet projected shortage levels needed to meet demands. Z.:�.l MET Water Surplus and Drought management Plan MET evaluates the level of supplies available and existing levels of water in storage to determine the appropriate management stage annually. Each stage is associated with specific resource management actions to avoid extreme shortages to the extent possible and minimize adverse impacts to retail customers should an extreme shortage occur. The sequencing outlined in the WSDM Plan reflects anticipated responses towards MET's existing and expected resource mix. Surplus stages occur when net annual deliveries can be made to water storage programs. Under the WSDM Plan, there are four surplus management stages that provide a framework for actions to take for surplus supplies. Deliveries in Diamond Valley Lake (DVL) and in SWP terminal reservoirs continue through each surplus stage provided there is available storage capacity. Withdrawals from DVL for regulatory purposes or to meet seasonal demands may occur at any stage. The WSDM Plan distinguishes between shortages, severe shortages, and extreme shortages.The differences between each term are listed below. ■ Shortage: MET can meet full-service demands and partially meet or fully meet interruptible demands using stored water or water transfers as necessary (Stages 1-3). ■ Severe Shortage: MET can meet full-service demands only by making withdrawals from storage, calling on its water transfers, and possibly calling for extraordinary conservation and reducing deliveries under the Interim Agricultural Water Program (IAWP) (Stages 4-S). ■ Extreme Shortage: MET must allocate available supply to full-service customers (Stage 6). There are six shortage management stages to guide resource management activities. These stages are defined by shortfalls in imported supply and water balances in MET's storage programs.When MET must make net withdrawals from storage to meet demands, it is considered to be in a shortage condition. Figure 3 gives a summary of actions under each surplus and shortage stages when an allocation plan is necessary to enforce mandatory cutbacks.The goal of the WSDM plan is to avoid Stage 6, an extreme shortage (MET, 2026b). CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Surplus Stages Adions Shortage Stages 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Put to SWP&CRA Groundwater Storage Put to SWP&CRA Surface Storage Put to Conjunctive Use Groundwater Put to DWR Flexible Storage Put to Metropolitan Surface Storage Public Outreach Take from Metropolitan Surface Storage Take from SWP Groundwater Storage Take from Conjunctive Use Storage Take from SWP&CRA Surface Storage Take from DWR Flexible Storage Extraordinary Conservation Reduce IAWP Deliveries Call Options Contracts Buy Spot Transfers Implement Water Supply Allocation Plan �i Potential Simultaneous Actions Source:MET, 2026. Figure 3 Resource Stages,Anticipated Actions,and Supply Declarations MET's Board of Directors adopted a Water Supply Condition Framework in June 2008 in order to communicate the urgency of the region's water supply situation and the need for further water conservation practices. The framework has four conditions, each calling increasing levels of conservation. Descriptions for each of the four conditions are listed below: ■ Baseline Water Use Efficiency: Ongoing conservation, outreach, and recycling programs to achieve permanent reductions in water use and build storage reserves. ■ Condition 1 Water Supply Watch: Local agency voluntary dry-year conservation measures and use of regional storage reserves. ■ Condition 2 Water Supply Alert: Regional call for cities, counties, member agencies, and retail water agencies to implement extraordinary conservation through drought ordinances and other measures to mitigate use of storage reserves. ■ Condition 3 Water Supply Allocation: Implement MET's WSAP. As noted in Condition 3, should supplies become limited to the point where imported water demands cannot be met, MET will allocate water through the WSAP (MET, 2026a). 2 .t mt i Water Supply Allocation Plan MET's imported supplies have been impacted by a number of water supply challenges as noted earlier. In case of extreme water shortage within the MET service area is the implementation of its WSAP. CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO MET's Board of Directors originally adopted the WSAP in February 2008 to fairly distribute a limited amount of water supply and applies it through a detailed methodology to reflect a range of local conditions and needs of the region's retail water consumers (MET, 2026). The WSAP includes the specific formula for calculating member agency supply allocations and the key implementation elements needed for administering an allocation. MET's WSAP is the foundation for the urban water shortage contingency analysis required under Water Code Section 10632 and is part of MET's 2025 UWMP. MET's WSAP was developed in consideration of the principles and guidelines in MET's 1999 WSDM Plan with the core objective of creating an equitable "needs-based allocation." The WSAP's formula seeks to balance the impacts of a shortage at the retail level while maintaining equity on the wholesale level for shortages of MET supplies of up to greater than 50 percent.The formula takes into account a number of factors, such as the impact on retail customers, growth in population, changes in supply conditions, investments in local resources, demand hardening aspects of water conservation savings, recycled water, extraordinary storage and transfer actions, and groundwater imported water needs. The formula is calculated in three steps: (1) base period calculations; (2) allocation year calculations; and (3) supply allocation calculations.The first two steps involve standard computations,while the third step contains specific methodology developed for the WSAP. Step 1: Base Period Calculations -The first step in calculating a member agency's water supply allocation is to estimate their water supply and demand using a historical based period with established water supply and delivery data.The base period for each of the different categories of supply and demand is calculated using data from the two most recent non-shortage years. Step 2:Allocation Year Calculations- The next step in calculating the member agency's water supply allocation is estimating water needs in the allocation year. This is done by adjusting the base period estimates of retail demand for population growth and changes in local supplies. Step 3: Supply Allocation Calculations- The final step is calculating the water supply allocation for each member agency based on the allocation year water needs identified in Step 2. In order to implement the WSAP, MET's Board of Directors makes a determination on the level of the regional shortage, based on specific criteria, typically in April.The criteria used by MET include current levels of storage, estimated water supplies conditions, and projected imported water demands.The allocations, if deemed necessary, go into effect in July of the same year and remain in effect for a 12-month period.The schedule is made at the discretion of the Board of Directors (MET, 2026). As demonstrated by the findings in MET's 2025 UWMP both the Water Reliability Assessment and the Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) demonstrate that MET is projecting to be able to mitigate the challenges posed by hydrologic variability, potential climate change, and regulatory risk on its imported supply sources through the significant storage capabilities it has developed over the last two decades, both dry-year and emergency storage (MET, 2026). Although MET's 2025 UWMP forecasts that MET will be able to meet projected imported demands throughout the projected period from 2026 to 2050, uncertainty in supply conditions can result in MET needing to implement its WSAP to preserve dry-year storage and curtail demands (MET, 2026b). CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO SECTION WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANNING The City's WSCP is a detailed guide of how the City intends to act in the case of an actual water shortage condition.The WSCP anticipates a water supply shortage and provides pre-planned guidance for managing and mitigating a shortage. Regardless of the reason for the shortage, the WSCP is based on adequate details of demand reduction and supply augmentation measures that are structured to match varying degrees of shortage to ensure the relevant stakeholders understand what to expect during a water shortage situation. 3.1 Water Supply Reliability Analysis Per Water Code Section 10632 (a)(1), the WSCP shall provide an analysis of water supply reliability conducted pursuant to Water Code Section 10635, and the key issues that may create a shortage condition when looking at the City's water asset portfolio. Understanding water supply reliability, factors that could contribute to water supply constraints, availability of alternative supplies, and what effect these have on meeting customer demands provides the City with a solid basis on which to develop appropriate and feasible response actions in the event of a water shortage. For the 2025 UWMP, the City worked collaboratively with MWDOC, OCWD, and MWDOC's other retail water agencies to produce long-term projected water use over the next 25 years, in five-year increments, for each agency (MWDOC, 2025). The City also conducted a DRA to evaluate a drought period that lasts five consecutive water years starting from the year following when the assessment is conducted (2026-2030).An analysis of both assessments determined that the City is capable of meeting all customers' demands from 2025 through 2050 for a normal year, a single dry year, and a drought lasting five consecutive years with significant imported water supplemental drought supplies from MET and ongoing conservation program efforts. The City receives the majority of its water supply from groundwater from the OC Basin, as well as supplemental supplies from local recycled water from the OCWD GAP that adds reliability for non-potable water demand.As a result, there is no projected shortage condition due to drought that will trigger customer demand reduction actions until MET notifies the City of insufficient imported supplies. More information is available in the City's 2025 UWMP Sections 6 and 7 (Santa Ana, 2026). 02 Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures Per Water Code Section 10632.1, the City will conduct an AWSDA pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and by July 1 of each year, beginning in 2022, submit an AWSDA with information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the Supplier's WSCP. The City must include in its WSCP the procedures used for conducting an AWSDA.The AWSDA is a determination of the near-term outlook for supplies and demands and how a perceived shortage may relate to WSCP shortage stage response actions in the current calendar year.This determination is based on information available to the City at the time of the analysis. Starting in 2022,the AWSDA is due by July 1 of every year. CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO This section documents the decision-making process required for formal approval of the City's AWSDA determination of water supply reliability each year and the key data inputs and the methodologies used to evaluate the water system reliability for the coming year,while considering that the year to follow would be considered dry. 3.2.1 Decision-Making Process The following decision-making process describes the functional steps that the City will take to formally approve the AWSDA determination of water supply reliability each year. 3.2.1.1 City Steps to Approve the AWSDA Determination The AWSDA will be predicated primarily on the OCWD Basin Production Percentage (BPP) and secondarily on MET's AWSDA outcomes. Figure 4 shows the AWSDA reporting timeline for the City of Santa Ana. Annual Assessment Reporting April/May May/June July 1 July - - June O MET WSAP determination City of Santa Annual Implement Annual Assessment Outcomes: & Ana Annual Assessment 1. Shortage Identified: Implement WSCP Annual Assessment submission to Assessment approval DWR 2. No Shortage Identified: No action needed approval OCWD BPP Projection Figure 4 AWSDA Reporting Timeline The City produces local groundwater from the OC Basin managed by OCWD.The OC Basin is not adjudicated and as such, pumping from the OC Basin is managed through a process that uses financial incentives to encourage Groundwater Producers (Producers) to pump a sustainable amount of water.The framework for the financial incentives is based on establishing the BPP, the percentage of each Producer's total water supply that comes from groundwater pumped from the OC Basin. The BPP is set uniformly for all Producers by the OCWD Board of Directors on an annual basis. Based on the projected water demand and modeled water supply, over the long-term, OCWD anticipates sustainably supporting a BPP of 85 percent; however,volumes of groundwater and imported water may vary depending on OCWD's actual BPP projections.A supply reduction that may result from the annual BPP projection will be included in the AWSDA. While the City's primary source of water is OCWD groundwater, any remaining water to meet retail demands comes from recycled water and the purchase of imported water from MET.As a direct MET member, the AWSDA will be predicated on MET's WSDM supply demand tracking, which is reported CITY OF SANTA ANA 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO monthly to their Board of Directors. MET WSDM planning involves the examination of developing demand and supply conditions for the calendar year, as well as considerations of potential actions consistent with the WSDM Plan. Additionally, City staff simultaneously provide water supply and demand reports to MET to inform them of emerging demand and supply conditions. These monthly analyses provide key information for MET to manage resources to meet a range of estimated demands and adjust to changing conditions throughout the year. Based on the year's supply conditions and WSDM actions, MET will present a completed AWSDA for its member agencies' review from which they will then seek Board approval in April of each year. Additionally, MET expects that any triggers or specific shortage response actions that result from the AWSDA will be approved by their Board at that time and this information will be incorporated into the City's AWSDA. The Water Resources Manager, or Designee, will be responsible for approval of an AWSDA in June and formally submit to DWR prior to the July 1 deadline. 3 ?.2 Data and Methodologies The following paragraphs document the key data inputs and methodologies that are used to evaluate the water system reliability for the coming year, while considering that the year to follow would be considered d ry. 3.2.2.1 Assessment Methodology The City will evaluate water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year for the purpose of the AWSDA.The AWSDA determination will be based on considerations of unconstrained water demand, local water supplies, MET imported water supplies, planned water use, and infrastructure considerations. The balance between projected in-service area supplies, coupled with MET imported supplies, and anticipated unconstrained demand will be used to determine what, if any, shortage level is expected under the WSCP framework as presented in Figure S. The WSCP's standard shortage levels are defined in terms of shortage percentages. Shortage percentages will be calculated by dividing the difference between water supplies and unconstrained demand by total unconstrained demand.This calculation will be performed separately for anticipated current year conditions and for assumed dry year conditions. Shortage identifies n annual assessment Implement— \ iV 4 1. Shortage response actions in WSCP • �, 2. Compliance and enforcement actions in � line with Ordinance 3. Communication actions in WSCP Develop Water Shortage Conduct annual ' No further action Contingency Plan water supply and needed that year concurrently with updated demand assessment Ordinance (to be periodically revised) No shortage identified in annual assessment Figure 5 Water Shortage Contingency Plan AWSDA Framework CITY OF SANTA ANA 12 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Locally Applicable Evaluation Criteria Within Orange County, there are no significant local applicable criteria that directly affect reliability. Through the years, the water agencies in Orange County have made tremendous efforts to integrate their systems to provide flexibility to interchange with different sources of supplies.There are emergency agreements in place to ensure all parts of the County have an adequate supply of water. In the northern part of the County, agencies have the ability to meet a majority of their demands through groundwater with very little limitation, except for the OCWD BPP. The City will also continue to monitor emerging supply and demand conditions related to supplemental imported water from MET and take appropriate actions consistent with the flexibility and adaptiveness inherent to the WSCP.The City's AWSDA was based on the City's service area,water sources,water supply reliability, and water use as described in Water Code Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population, land use development, and climate change projections within the service area of the City. Some conditions that affect MET's wholesale supply and demand, such as groundwater replenishment, surface water and local supply production, can differ significantly from earlier projections throughout the year. If a major earthquake on the San Andreas Fault occurs, it has the potential to damage all three key regional water aqueducts and disrupt imported supplies for up to six months.The region would likely impose a water use reduction ranging from 25 to 35 percent until the system is repaired. However, MET has taken proactive steps to handle such disruption, such as constructing DVL, and prepositioning necessary reconstruction resources to quickly recover from such a seismic event, which mitigates potential impacts. DVL, along with other local reservoirs, can store a six to twelve-month supply of emergency water(MET, 2026a). 3.2.2.3 Water Supply As detailed in the City's 2025 UWMP, the City meets all of its customers' demands with a combination of local groundwater, imported water from MET, and local recycled water. The City's main source of water supply is groundwater from the OC Basin,with imported water from MET and recycled water making up the rest of the City's water supply portfolio. In fiscal year (FY) 2024-25, the City relied on approximately 87 percent groundwater and 13 percent imported water. It is projected that by 2050, the water supply portfolio will change to approximately 85 percent groundwater and 15 percent imported water (Santa Ana, 2026). Unconstrained Customer Demand The WSCP and AWSDA define unconstrained demand as expected water use prior to any projected shortage response actions that may be taken under the WSCP. Unconstrained demand is distinguished from observed demand,which may be constrained by preceding, ongoing, or future actions, such as emergency supply allocations during a multi-year drought.WSCP shortage response actions to constrain demand are inherently extraordinary; routine activities such as ongoing conservation programs and regular operational adjustments are not considered as constraints on demands. The City's DRA reveals that its supply capabilities are expected to balance anticipated total water use and supply, assuming a five-year consecutive drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30 (Santa Ana, 2026). CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Water demands in a five-year consecutive drought are calculated as a 3 percent increase in water demand above a normal year for each year of the drought (MWDOC, 2025). For the City, the five consecutive dry year demand scenario is based on the demand model's multiple dry year methodology. In accordance with the econometric demand model approach used to develop UWMP demand projections, a single hot/dry year was first identified based on weather conditions that produced the greatest demand response. Consecutive dry years were then represented by applying incremental scaling factors to this single hot/dry year demand to account for the compounding effects of persistent warm and dry conditions over time.These scaling factors show long-term relationships between regional water use and multi-year temperature and precipitation deficits and are applied sequentially to simulate second through fifth consecutive dry years. This approach is consistent with the demand modeling framework summarized in Chapter 7 of the City's UWMP. Planned Water Use for Current Year Considering Dry Subsequent Year Water Code Section 10632 (a)(2)(B)(ii) requires the AWSDA to determine "current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year."The AWSDA will include two separate estimates of the City's annual water supply and unconstrained demand using: (1) current year conditions; and (2) assumed dry year conditions. The AWSDA will include two separate estimates of City's annual water supply and unconstrained demand using: (1) current year conditions; and (2) assumed dry year conditions.Accordingly, the AWSDA's shortage analysis will present separate sets of findings for the current year and dry year scenarios.The Water Code does not specify the characteristics of a dry year, allowing discretion to the Supplier.The City will use its discretion to refine and update its assumptions for a dry year scenarios in each AWSDA as information becomes available and in accordance with best management practices. Supply and demand analyses for the single-dry year case was based on conditions affecting the SWP as this supply availability fluctuates the most among MET's, and therefore the City's sources of supply. Severe drought conditions in 2021-2022 affected must of the Western United States, including the Colorado River system, which caused its water supply decrease.As conditions worsened, Lake Mead and Lake Powell (the largest storage units in the system), had a combined total storage capacity of 25 percent in 2022, a significant decrease from 39 percent in 2021 (MWDOC, 2025). The Orange County Water Demand Projection Model isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of a statistical model.The impacts of hot/dry weather conditions are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the normal year conditions. For a single dry year condition (FY 2013-14), the model projects a 3 percent increase in demand for the OC Basin area where the City's service area is located (MWDOC, 2025). Detailed information about the model is included in the City's 2025 UWMP. The City has documented that it is 100 percent reliable for single dry year demands from 2025 through 2050 with a demand increase of 3 percent from normal demand with significant reserves held by MET, local groundwater supplies, and conservation (Santa Ana, 2026). 3.2.2.6 Infrastructure Considerations The AWSDA will include consideration of any infrastructure issues that may pertain to near-term water supply reliability, including repairs, construction, and environmental mitigation measures that may CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO temporarily constrain capabilities, as well as any new projects that may add to system capacity. MET closely coordinates with its member agencies, including the City, on any planned infrastructure work that may impact water supply availability. Throughout each year, MET regularly carries out preventive and corrective maintenance of its facilities that may require shutdowns to inspect and repair pipelines and facilities and support capital improvement projects.These shutdowns involve a high level of planning and coordination between MET and their member agencies to ensure that major portions of the distribution system are not out of service at the same time. Operational flexibility within MET's system and the cooperation of member agencies allow shutdowns to be successfully completed while continuing to meet all system demands. Specifically for the City, as of March 2026 there are no foreseen near-term infrastructure issues that would impact supply. Following is a list of considerations that have the potential to negatively impact water supply reliability and will be considered in the AWSDA: ■ MET pipeline outages (Orange County Feeder and/or East Orange County Feeder No. 2). ■ City currently has 13 groundwater wells impacted by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination. ■ Planned well/pump station rehabilitation/construction projects ■ Unplanned facility outages Following is a list of considerations that have the potential to positively impact water supply reliability and will be considered in the AWSDA: ■ Drilling and constructing new wells (such as Washington Well and Flower Well). ■ Completion of PFAS Water Treatment Plant Projects &Well/Pump Station Rehabilitation Projects. ■ Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) project implementation (expected to result in lower water use and less system losses). 3.2.2.7 Other Factors For the AWSDA, any known issues related to water quality would be considered for their potential effects on water supply reliability. PFAS are a group of thousands of manmade chemicals that includes perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). PFAS compounds were once commonly used in many products including, among many others, stain- and water-repellent fabrics, nonstick products (e.g., Teflon), polishes, waxes, paints, cleaning products, and fire-fighting foams. Beginning in the summer of 2019, the California State Division of Drinking Water (DDW) began requiring testing for PFAS compounds in some groundwater production wells in the OCWD area. MET has voluntarily monitored PFAS in its source and treated waters since 2017. Most samples have shown non detect (ND) for all tested PFAS, including PFOA and PFOS. A limited number of other PFAS— such as PFHxA, PFBA, PFPeA, PFDoA, PFTA, and PFBS, have been detected only at trace levels below their method detection limits. PFOA and PFOS have not been detected in MET's imported or treated water supplies. Some member agencies, however, have detected these compounds in local groundwater wells, which may require treatment or source management to comply with emerging DDW regulations. As DDW CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establish enforceable maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for PFOA and PFOS, some agencies may supplement their local supplies with increased purchases of MET water(MET, 2025). EPA finalized the first national drinking water standards for six PFAS compounds in April 2024.These standards include enforceable MCLs for PFOA and PFOS set at 4 parts per trillion (ppt). In May 2025 the EPA announced that it would extend the compliance deadline for PFOA and PFOS from 2029 to 2031 to provide additional time for testing, planning, and installation of treatment technologies.While MET and its member agencies continue to monitor and test PFAS in imported and local sources, the delay in the federal compliance date allows additional time to evaluate treatment options, coordinate funding, and plan system upgrades necessary to meet forthcoming federal PFAS standards. PFAS have been detected in the OC Basin in very small amounts (ppt), entering primarily via the Santa Ana River whose flows infiltrate into the basin. Despite playing no role in releasing PFAS into the environment, OCWD is working with its cities and retail water districts to remove it from local water supplies in order to comply with new state and federal regulations. More than 100 wells have been impacted due to various state and federal regulations. Fifteen impacted agencies will have to temporarily purchase more costly imported water to replace PFAS contaminated supplies.As of 2025, 53 impacted wells are back online due to close to a billion dollars being spent on state-of-the-art testing, research and piloting of different treatment systems, and design and construction of treatment plants that are now operational. 3.3 Six Standard Water Shortage Levels Per Water Code Section 10632 (a)(3)(A), Suppliers must include the six standard water shortage levels that represent shortages from the normal reliability as determined in the AWSDA or cross-reference their shortage levels to the standard levels. The shortage levels have been standardized to provide a consistent regional and statewide approach to conveying the relative severity of water supply shortage conditions. This is an outgrowth of the severe statewide drought of 2012-2016, and the widely recognized public communication and state policy uncertainty associated with the many different local definitions of water shortage levels. The six standard water shortage levels correspond to progressively increasing estimated shortage conditions (up to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and greater than 50 percent shortage compared to the normal reliability condition) and align with the response actions the Supplier would implement to meet the severity of the impending shortages (Table 1). Table 1 Cross-Reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels Standard Shortage Levels Percent Shortage Range Suppliers Shortage Levels Percent Shortage Range 1 Up to 10% 1 Up to 10% 2 Up to 20% 2 Up to 20% 3 Up to 30% 3 Up to 30% 4 Up to 40% 4 Up to 40% 5 Up to 50% 5 Up to 50% 6 Greater than 50% 6 Greater than 50% Source:Water Code Section 10632(a)(3)(B) CITY OF SANTA ANA 16 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO 3.4 Shortage Response Actions Water Code Section 10632 (a)(4) requires the WSCP to specify shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels. The City has defined specific shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels in DWR Tables 8-2 and 8-3 (Appendix A).These shortage response actions were developed with consideration to the system infrastructure and operations changes, supply augmentation responses, customer-class or water use-specific demand reduction initiatives, and increasingly stringent water use prohibitions. 3.4.1 Supply Augmentation The supply augmentation actions are described in DWR Table 8-2 (Appendix A).These augmentations represent short-term management objectives triggered by the MET's WSDM Plan and do not overlap with the long-term new water supply development or supply reliability enhancement projects. Supply augmentation is made available to the City through MET and OCWD.The City has the ability to pump additional groundwater from the OC Basin or purchase additional imported water from MET as a MET member agency. However, both additional pumped groundwater and purchased imported water are subject to rate penalties from OCWD and MET, respectively. MET's reliability portfolio of water supply programs including existing water transfers, storage, and exchange agreements to supplement gaps in the City's supply/demand balance. MET has developed significant storage capacity(over 5 million acre-feet [AF]) in reservoirs and groundwater banking programs both within and outside of the Southern California region. Additionally, MET can pursue additional water transfer and exchange programs with other water agencies to help mitigate supply/demand imbalances and provide additional dry-year supply sources. 3.4.2 Demand Keductoi The demand reduction measures that would be implemented to address shortage levels are described in DWR Table 8-3 (Appendix A).This table indicates which actions align with specific defined shortage levels and estimates the extent to which the actions will reduce the gap between supplies and demands to deliver the outcomes necessary to meet the requirements of a given shortage level. This table also identifies the enforcement action, if any, associated with each demand reduction measure. 3.4.3 Operational Changes During shortage conditions, operations may be affected by supply augmentation or demand reduction responses.The City considered their operational procedures to identify changes that can be implemented to address water shortage on a short-term basis, such as temporarily altering maintenance cycles, deferring planned system outages, and adjusting the flow and routing of water through its system to more effectively distribute available supply across the service area. 3.4.4 Additional Mandatory Restrictions Water Code Section 10632 (a)(4)(D) calls for"additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to state-mandated prohibitions and appropriate to the local conditions"to be included among the WSCP's shortage response actions. The City will identify additional mandatory CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO restrictions as needed based on the existing Santa Ana Municipal Code Chapter 39 Article VI (Appendix B). The City intends to update any mandatory restrictions in a subsequently adopted ordinance which will supersede the existing ordinance. JAc7 Emergency Response Plan (Hazard Mitigation Plan) A catastrophic water shortage would be addressed according to the appropriate water shortage level and response actions. It is likely that a catastrophic shortage would immediately trigger Shortage Level 6 and response actions have been put in place to mitigate a catastrophic shortage. In addition, there are several Plans that address catastrophic failures and align with the WSCP, including MET's WSDM and WSAP,the City's LHMP, and the Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County(WEROC)'s Emergency Operations Plan (EOP). 3.4.5.1 MET's WSDM and WSAP MET has comprehensive plans for stages of actions it would undertake to address a catastrophic interruption in water supplies through its WSDM and WSAP. MET also developed an Emergency Storage Requirement to mitigate against potential interruption in water supplies resulting from catastrophic occurrences within the Southern California region, including seismic events along the San Andreas Fault. In addition, MET is working with the state to implement a comprehensive improvement plan to address catastrophic occurrences outside of the Southern California region, such as a maximum probable seismic event in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta that would cause levee failure and disruption of SWP deliveries. 3.4.5.2 Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County Emergency Operations Plan In 1983,the Orange County water community identified a need to develop a plan on how agencies would respond effectively to disasters impacting the regional water distribution system.The collective efforts of these agencies resulted in the formation of WEROC to coordinate emergency response on behalf of all Orange County water and wastewater agencies, develop an emergency plan to respond to disasters, and conduct disaster training exercises for the Orange County water community.WEROC, administered by MWDOC, was established through the creation of an indemnification agreement among its member agencies to protect each other against civil liabilities and to facilitate the exchange of resources. WEROC is unique in its ability to provide a single point of contact for the representation of all water and wastewater utilities in Orange County during a disaster.This representation is to the county, state, and federal disaster coordination agencies.Within the Orange County Operational Area, WEROC is the recognized contact for emergency response for the water community, including the City. As a member of WEROC, the City will follow WEROC's EOP in the event of an emergency and coordinate with WEROC to assess damage, initiate repairs, and request and coordinate mutual aid resources in the event that the City is unable to provide the level of emergency response support required by the situation. The EOP defines the actions to be taken by WEROC Emergency Operations Center(EOC) staff to reduce the loss of water and wastewater infrastructure; to respond effectively to a disaster; and to coordinate recovery operations in the aftermath of any emergency involving extensive damage to Orange County water and wastewater utilities. The EOP includes activation notification protocol that will be used to CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO contact partner agencies to inform them of the situation, activation status of the EOC, known damage or impacts, or resource needs.The EOP is a standalone document that is reviewed annually and approved by the MWDOC Board every three years. WEROC is organized on the basis that each member agency is responsible for developing its own EOP in accordance with the California Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS), National Incident Management System (NIMS), and Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 to meet specific emergency needs within its service area. The WEROC EOC is responsible for assessing the overall condition and status of the Orange County regional water distribution and wastewater collection systems including MET facilities that serve Orange County.The EOC can be activated during an emergency situation resulting from both natural and manmade causes, and can be activated through automatic, manual, or standby for activation. WEROC recognizes four primary phases of emergency management, which include: ■ Preparedness: Planning, training, and exercises that are conducted prior to an emergency to support and enhance response to an emergency or disaster. ■ Response:Activities and programs designed to address the immediate and short-term effects of the onset of an emergency or disaster that helps to reduce effects to water infrastructure and speed recovery.This includes alert and notification, EOC activation, direction and control, and mutual aid. ■ Recovery:This phase involved restoring systems to normal, in which short-term recovery actions are taken to assess the damage and return vital life-support systems to minimum operating standards, while long-term recovery actions have the potential to continue for many years. ■ Mitigation/Prevention:These actions prevent the occurrence of an emergency or reduce the area's vulnerability in ways that minimize the adverse impacts of a disaster or emergency. The EOC Action Plans provide frameworks for EOC staff to respond to different situations with the objectives and steps required to complete them,which will in turn serve the WEROC member agencies. In the event of an emergency that results in a catastrophic water shortage, the City will declare a water shortage condition of up to Level 6 for the impacted area depending on the severity of the event, and coordination with WEROC is anticipated to begin at Level 4 or greater (WEROC, 2021). 3.4.5.3 City of Santa Ana Emergency Response Plan The City will also refer to its current American Water Infrastructure Act Risk and Resilience Assessment, Emergency Response Plan, and Local Hazard Mitigation Plan in the event of a locally isolated catastrophic supply interruption.The LHMP describes the City's approach to enhancing emergency services and protecting life and property, among other goals. The water supply specific mitigation measures include increased security, backup power, and reducing flooding risk at water facilities (Santa Ana, 2022). 3.4.6 seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan Per the Water Code Section 10632.5, Suppliers are required to assess seismic risk to water supplies as part of their WSCP. The plan also must include the mitigation plan for the seismic risk(s). Given the great distances that imported supplies travel to reach Orange County, the region is vulnerable to interruptions along hundreds of miles of aqueducts, pipelines and other facilities associated with delivering the supplies CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO to the region.Additionally, the infrastructure in place to deliver supplies is susceptible to damage from earthquakes and other disasters. In lieu of conducting a seismic risk assessment specific to the City's 2025 UWMP,the City has included their LHMP, as required under the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390). The LHMP describes the City's approach to proactively decreasing threats before disaster occurs, including water supply specific mitigation actions such as improving security and alert systems, upgrading back-up power systems, and retrofitting existing flood control infrastructure. (Santa Ana, 2022). 3.4.7 Shortage Response Action Effectiveness For each specific Shortage Response Action identified in the plan, the WSCP also estimates the extent to which that action will reduce the gap between supplies and demands identified in DWR Tables 8-2 and 8-3 (Appendix A).To the extent feasible, the City has estimated percentage savings for the chosen suite of shortage response actions,which can be anticipated to deliver the expected outcomes necessary to meet the requirements of a given shortage level. 3.5 Communication Protocols Timely and effective communication is a key element of the WSCP implementation. Per the Water Code Section 10632 (a)(5), the City has established communication protocols and procedures to inform customers,the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments regarding any current or predicted shortages as determined by the AWSDA described pursuant to Section 10632.1; any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered by the AWSDA described pursuant to Section 10632.1; and any other relevant communications. The City's Water Shortage Communication Plan is documented in Appendix C. 3.6 Compliance and Enforcement Per the Water Code Section 10632 (a)(6), the City has defined customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions. Procedures to ensure customer compliance are described in Section 3.5 Communication Protocols and customer enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures as defined in the existing Santa Ana Municipal Code Chapter 39 Article VI (Appendix B). The City intends to update any enforcement procedures in a subsequently adopted ordinance which will supersede the existing ordinance. 3.7 Legal Authorities Per Water Code Section 10632 (a)(7)(A), the City has provided a description of the legal authorities that empower the City to implement and enforce its shortage response as directed in the City's Water Shortage Response Ordinance (Appendix B). Per Water Code Section 10632 (a)(7)(B), the City shall declare a water shortage emergency condition to prevail within the area served by such wholesaler whenever it finds and determines that the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers cannot be satisfied without depleting the water supply of the distributor to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO Per Water Code Section 10632 (a)(7)(C), the City shall coordinate with any agency or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency under California Government Code, California Emergency Services Act (Article 2, Section 8558).Table 2 identifies the contacts for all cities or counties for which the Supplier provides service in the WSCP, along with developed coordination protocols, can facilitate compliance with this section of the Water Code in the event of a local emergency as defined in subpart (c) of Government Code Section 8558. Table 2 Agency Contacts and Coordination Protocols Contact lAgency Coordination Protocols Executive Director of Public Works City of Santa Ana Public Works Agency Call/email/ Water Resource Manager City of Santa Ana Public Works Agency Call/email Water Manager City of Orange Public Works Department Call/email Director of Public Works City of Garden Grove Call/email Director of Public Works Orange County Public Works Department Call/email 3.8 Financial Consequences of WSCP Per Water Code Section 10632 (a)(8), Suppliers must include a description of the overall anticipated financial consequences to the Supplier of implementing the WSCP.This description must include potential reductions in revenue and increased expenses associated with implementation of the shortage response actions. This should be coupled with an identification of the anticipated mitigation actions needed to address these financial impacts. During a catastrophic interruption of water supplies, prolonged drought, or water shortage of any kind, the City will experience a reduction in revenue due to reduced water sales.Throughout this period of time, expenditures may increase or decrease with varying circumstances. Expenditures may increase in the event of significant damage to the water system, resulting in emergency repairs. Expenditures may also decrease as less water is pumped through the system, resulting in lower power costs.Water shortage mitigation actions will also impact revenues and require additional costs for drought response activities such as increased staff costs for tracking, reporting, and communications. The City receives water revenue from a service charge and a commodity charge based on consumption. The service charge recovers costs associated with providing water to the serviced property.The service charge does not vary with consumption, and the commodity charge is based on water usage. Rates have been designed to recover the full cost of water service in the charges. Therefore, the total cost of purchasing water would decrease as the usage or sale of water decreases. In the event of a drought emergency, the City will impose excessive water use penalties on its customers,which may include additional costs associated with reduced water revenue, staff time taken for penalty enforcement, and advertising the excessive use penalties. The excessive water use penalties are further described in the City's Municipal Code Chapter 39 Article VI (Appendix B). However, there are significant fixed costs associated with maintaining a minimal level of service. The City will monitor projected revenues and expenditures should an extreme shortage and a large reduction in water sales occur for an extended period of time.To overcome these potential revenue losses and/or expenditure impacts, the City may use reserves. If necessary,the City may reduce expenditures by delaying implementation of its Capital Improvement Program and equipment purchases to reallocate CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO funds to cover the cost of operations and critical maintenance, adjust the work force, implement a drought surcharge, and/or make adjustments to its water rate structure. 3.9 Monitoring and Reporting Per Water Code Section 10632 (a)(9), the City is required to provide a description of the monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that have been implemented to ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements. Monitoring and reporting key water use metrics is fundamental to water supply planning and management. Monitoring is also essential in times of water shortage to ensure that the response actions are achieving their intended water use reduction purposes, or if improvements or new actions need to be considered (see Section 3.10). Monitoring for customer compliance tracking is also useful in enforcement actions. Under normal water supply conditions, potable water production figures are recorded daily. Weekly and monthly reports are prepared and monitored. In addition, once the Advanced Meter Infrastructure project is complete, the City will be able to monitor the consumption of various customer classes.This data will be used to measure the effectiveness of any water shortage contingency level that may be implemented. As levels of water shortage are declared by MET, the City will follow implementation of those levels as appropriate based on the City's risk profile provided in UWMP Chapter 6 and continue to monitor water demand levels.When MET calls for extraordinary conservation, MET's Drought Program Officer will coordinate public information activities with the City and monitor the effectiveness of ongoing conservation programs. The City will participate in monthly member agency manager meetings with both MET and OCWD to monitor and discuss monthly water allocation charts.This will enable the City to be aware of imported and groundwater use on a timely basis as a result of specific actions taken responding to the City's WSCP. 3.10 WSCP Refinement Procedures Per Water Code Section 10632 (a)(10), the City must provide reevaluation and improvement procedures for systematically monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the water shortage contingency plan in order to ensure shortage risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented as needed. The City's WSCP is prepared and implemented as an adaptive management plan.The City will use the monitoring and reporting process defined in Section 3.9 to refine the WSCP. In addition, if certain procedural refinements or new actions are identified by City staff, or suggested by customers or other interested parties, the City will evaluate their effectiveness, incorporate them into the WSCP, and implement them quickly at the appropriate water shortage level. It is envisioned that the WSCP will be periodically re-evaluated to ensure that its shortage risk tolerance is adequate and the shortage response actions are effective and up to date based on lessons learned from implementing the WSCP.The WSCP will be revised and updated during the UWMP update cycle to incorporate updated and new information. For example, new supply augmentation actions will be added, and actions that are no longer applicable for reasons such as program expiration will be removed. CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO However, if revisions to the WSCP are warranted before the UWMP is updated, the WSCP will be updated outside of the UWMP update cycle. In the course of preparing the AWSDA each year, City staff will routinely consider the functionality of the overall WSCP and will prepare recommendations for the Director of Public Works if changes are found to be needed. 3.11 Special Water Feature Distinction Per Water Code Section 10632 (b), the City has defined water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes,waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code, in the City's Municipal Code Chapter 39 Article VI (Appendix B). 3.12 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Availability Per Water Code Section 10632 (a)(c), the City provided notice of the availability of the Public Review Draft 2025 UWMP and 2025 WSCP and notice of the public hearing to consider adoption of the WSCP. The Public Review drafts of the 2025 UWMP and the 2025 WSCP were posted prominently on the City's website 14 days in advance of the public hearing on May 19, 2026. Copies of the Draft WSCP were also made available for public inspection at the City Clerk's and Utilities Department offices and public hearing notifications were published in local newspapers.A copy of the published Notice of Public Hearing is included in Appendix D. City held the public hearing for the Draft 2025 UWMP and Draft WSCP on May 19, 2026 at the City Council meeting.The City Council reviewed and approved the 2025 UWMP and the WSCP at its May 19, 2026 meeting after the public hearing. See Appendix E for the resolution approving the WSCP. By July 1, 2026,the City's adopted 2025 UWMP and WSCP was filed with DWR, California State Library, and the County of Orange. The City will make the WSCP available for public review on its website no later than 30 days after filing with DWR. Based on DWR's review of the WSCP, the City will make any amendments to its adopted WSCP, as required and directed by DWR. If the City revises its WSCP after the UWMP is approved by DWR, then an electronic copy of the revised WSCP will be submitted to DWR within 30 days of its adoption. CITY OF SANTA ANA 202S WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN MAY 2026/FINAL DRAFT/CAROLLO SECTION 4 REFERENCES City of Santa Ana. (2026).2025 Urban Water Management Plan. City of Santa Ana. (2022, October). Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2026a). 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2026b).2025 Urban Water Management Plan. Municipal Water District of Orange County. (2023,July).2023 Orange County Water Reliability Study. Municipal Water District of Orange County. (2025, December 30). Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum. Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County(WEROC). (2025). WEROC 2025 Annual Report. CITY OF SANTA ANA 24 RESOLUTION NO. 2026-XX A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA ANA ADOPTING THE 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE CITY OF SANTA ANA WHEREAS, Sections 10610 through 10657 of the California Water Code, known as the Urban Water Management Planning Act, require that every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually, prepare an Urban Water Management Plan ("UWMP") at least once every five years; and WHEREAS, these plans support suppliers' long-term resource planning to ensure that adequate water supplies are available to meet existing and future water needs; and WHEREAS, each UWMP must be adopted by the supplier's governing body and submitted to the California Department of Water Resources; and WHEREAS, the City of Santa Ana is an urban water supplier subject to this requirement; and WHEREAS, on June 1, 2021, by Resolution No. 2021-30, the City Council adopted the City's 2020 UWMP; and WHEREAS, the City has prepared the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan as an update to the 2020 UWMP on the City's water resource needs, water use efficiency programs, water reliability assessments, and strategies to mitigate water shortage conditions; and WHEREAS, the City's 2025 UWMP contains all elements to satisfy compliance with the Urban Water Management Planning Act as amended since 2020; and WHEREAS, the City has given the legally required notices for the 2025 UWMP and conducted a public hearing on May 19, 2026 to consider the approval of the 2025 UWMP. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Santa Ana as follows: Section 1. The 2025 Urban Water Management Plan is hereby adopted. Section 2. The City Manager or his or her designee is directed to file a copy of the City's 2025 Urban Water Management Plan with the California Department of Water Resources, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the City provides water supplies within 30 days but no later than June 18, 2026. Resolution No. 2026-XX Page 1 of 2 Section 3. The 2025 Urban Water Management Plan shall be available for public review during the City's normal business hours no later than 30 days after filing a copy of the plan. Section 4. This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon its adoption by the City Council, and the City Clerk shall attest to and certify the vote adopting this Resolution. ADOPTED this day of 12026. Valerie Amezcua Mayor APPROVED AS TO FORM: Sonia R. Carvyalho, City Attorney By: �/10A , Kyle ellesen Assistant City Attorney AYES: Councilmembers NOES: Councilmembers ABSTAIN: Councilmembers NOT PRESENT: Councilmembers CERTIFICATE OF ATTESTATION AND ORIGINALITY I, Jennifer L. Hall, City Clerk, do hereby attest to and certify the attached Resolution No. 2026- to be the original Resolution adopted by the City Council of the City of Santa Ana on , 2026. Date: City Clerk City of Santa Ana Resolution No. 2026-XX Page 2 of 2 RESOLUTION NO. 2026-XX A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA ANA ADOPTING THE 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR THE CITY OF SANTA ANA WHEREAS, Sections 10610 through 10657 of the California Water Code, known as the Urban Water Management Planning Act, require that every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually, prepare an Urban Water Management Plan ("UWMP") at least once every five years; and WHEREAS, the California Water Code requires urban water suppliers to prepare a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) to be included in its UWMP; and WHEREAS, the WSCP, along with the UWMP, must be adopted by the supplier's governing body and submitted to the California Department of Water Resources; and WHEREAS, the City of Santa Ana is an urban water supplier subject to this requirement; and WHEREAS, the City's 2025 UWMP contains its WSCP, a detailed proposal for how City intends to act in the case of an actual water shortage condition, as required by Water Code Section 10632; and WHEREAS, the WSCP must be treated as a standalone plan for public hearing and adoption procedures; and WHEREAS, the City has given the legally required notices for the 2025 WSCP and conducted a public hearing on May 19, 2026 to consider the approval of the 2025 WSCP; and NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Santa Ana as follows: Section 1. The 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan is hereby adopted. Section 2. The City Manager or his or her designee is directed to file a copy of the City's 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan with the California Department of Water Resources, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the City provides water supplies within 30 days but no later than June 18, 2026. Section 3. The 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan shall be available for public review during the City's normal business hours no later than 30 days after filing a copy of the plan. Resolution No. 2026-XX Page 1 of 2 Section 4. This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon its adoption by the City Council, and the City Clerk shall attest to and certify the vote adopting this Resolution. ADOPTED this day of 12026. Valerie Amezcua Mayor APPROVED AS TO FORM: Sonia R. Carvalho, City Attorney By: Kyle Ilesen Assistant City Attorney AYES: Councilmembers NOES: Councilmembers ABSTAIN: Councilmembers NOT PRESENT: Councilmembers CERTIFICATE OF ATTESTATION AND ORIGINALITY I, Jennifer L. Hall, City Clerk, do hereby attest to and certify the attached Resolution No. 2026- to be the original Resolution adopted by the City Council of the City of Santa Ana on , 2026. Date: City Clerk City of Santa Ana Resolution No. 2026-XX Page 2 of 2