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examples. The San Francisco Planning Department's (2011) building design guidelines <br />are more comprehensive than those of New York City, but they could have gone further. <br />For example, the San Francisco guidelines probably should have also covered scientific <br />monitoring of impacts as well as compensatory mitigation for impacts that could not be <br />avoided, minimized or reduced. Monitoring and the use of compensatory mitigation <br />should be incorporated at any new building project because the measures recommended <br />in the available guidelines remain of uncertain effectiveness, and even if these measures <br />are effective, they will not reduce collision fatalities to zero. The only way to assess <br />effectiveness and to quantify post -construction fatalities is to monitor the project for <br />fatalities. <br />Thank you for your attention, <br />Shawn Smallwood, Ph.D. <br />REFERENCES CITED <br />Barton, C. M., C. S. Riding, and S. R. Loss. 2017. Magnitude and correlates of bird <br />collisions at glass bus shelters in an urban landscape. Plos One 12. (6): eo178667. <br />https://doi.org/lo.1�71/journal.pone.0178667 <br />Basilio, L. G., D. J. Moreno, and A, J. Piratelli. 2020. Main causes of bird -window <br />collisions: a review. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 92(1): e2o180745 DOI <br />10.1590/0001-3765202020180745• <br />Borden, W. C., O. M. Lockhart, A. W. Jones, and M. S. Lyons. 2010. Seasonal, <br />taxonomic, and local habitat components of bird -window collisions on an urban <br />university campus in Cleveland, OH. Ohio Journal of Science 110(3):44-52• <br />Brown, B. B., L. Hunter, and S. Santos. 2020. Bird -window collisions: different fall and <br />winter risk and protective factors. PeerJ 8:e9401 http://doi.org/lo.Z717/peerj.9401 <br />City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services and Portland Audubon. 2020. <br />Collisions at the Columbia Building: A synthesis of pre- and post -retrofit <br />monitoring. Environmental Services of City of Portland, Oregon. <br />Bracey, A. M., M. A. Etterson, G. J. Niemi, and R. F. Green. 2016. Variation in bird - <br />window collision mortality and scavenging rates within an urban landscape. The <br />Wilson Journal of Ornithology 128:355-367• <br />City of Santa Ana. 2007. Metro East Mixed Use Overlay Zone Final Environmental <br />Impact Report SCH No. 2006031041, Volume I: Metro East Mixed Use Overlay <br />Zone. Prepared by EIP Associates, a Division of PBS&J. Santa Ana, California. <br />15 <br />