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surface temperature could rise by 2-11.5°F (1.1-6.4°C) by 2100, with significant regional variation.21 <br />Soil moisture is likely to decline in many regions, and intense rainstorms are likely to become more <br />frequent. Sea level could rise as much as 2 feet along most of the United States coastline. Rising <br />temperatures could have four major impacts on plants and animals: (1) timing of ecological events; <br />(2) geographic range; (3) species' composition within communities; and (4) ecosystem processes such <br />as carbon cycling and storage.22 <br />Table 1 <br />Description of Identified GHG Emissionsa <br />Greenhouse Gas <br />General Description <br />Carbon Dioxide <br />An odorless, colorless GHG, which has both natural and anthropocentric <br />(CO2) <br />sources. Natural sources include the following: decomposition of dead organic <br />matter; respiration of bacteria, plants, animals, and fungus; evaporation from <br />oceans; and volcanic outgassing. Anthropogenic (human caused) sources of <br />CO2 are burning coal, oil, natural gas, and wood. <br />Methane (CH4) <br />A flammable gas and is the main component of natural gas. When one <br />molecule of CH4 is burned in the presence of oxygen, one molecule of CO2 <br />and two molecules of water are released. A natural source of CH4 is the <br />anaerobic decay of organic matter. Geological deposits, known as natural gas <br />fields, also contain CH4, which is extracted for fuel. Other sources are from <br />landfills, fermentation of manure, and cattle. <br />Nitrous Oxide <br />A colorless GHG. High concentrations can cause dizziness, euphoria, and <br />(N20) <br />sometimes slight hallucinations. N2O is produced by microbial processes in <br />soil and water, including those reactions which occur in fertilizer containing <br />nitrogen. In addition to agricultural sources, some industrial processes (fossil <br />fuel -fired power plants, nylon production, nitric acid production, and vehicle <br />emissions) also contribute to its atmospheric load. It is used in rocket engines, <br />racecars, and as an aerosol spray propellant. <br />Hydrofluorocarbons <br />Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are gases formed synthetically by replacing all <br />(HFCs) <br />hydrogen atoms in CH4 or ethane (C2H6) with chlorine and/or fluorine atoms. <br />CFCs are non -toxic, non-flammable, insoluble, and chemically unreactive in <br />the troposphere (the level of air at Earth's surface). CFCs were first <br />synthesized in 1928 for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, and cleaning <br />solvents. Because they destroy stratospheric ozone, the production of CFCs <br />was stopped as required by the Montreal Protocol in 1987. HFCs are synthetic <br />man-made chemicals that are used as a substitute for CFCs as refrigerants. <br />HFCs deplete stratospheric ozone, but to a much lesser extent than CFCs. <br />21 National Research Council, Advancing the Science of Climate Change, 2010, <br />http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/reports-in-brief/Science-Report-Brief- <br />final.pdf. Accessed April 2020. <br />22 Parmesan, C., and H. Galbraith, Observed Impacts of Global Climate Change in the U.S., Prepared for the <br />Pew Center on Global Climate Change, November 2004, <br />https://www.c2es.org/site/assets/uploads/2004/11 /observed-impacts-climate-change-united-states.pdf. <br />Accessed April 2020. <br />Cabrillo Town Center Project PAGE 6 City of Santa Ana <br />GreenhouC VS ouncil Report 18 — 971 10/3/2023 July 2023 <br />