VISTA DEL VERDE LANDSCAPE 1 - 2006

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TERMINOLOGY BRANCH COLLAR Wood tissue ridges that form around the base of a branch between the main stem and the branch usually as a branch begins to die and the branch collar begins to increase in size. CALLUS New growth made by the cambium layer around all of a wound. CAMBIUM LAYER Growing point between the bark and sapwood. CLOSURE Refers to the roll of the callus growth around the wound area. THE CUT The exposed wood area that remains after the branch has been removed. CUT BACK/PHONE BACK Specified reduction of the overall size of the tree or individual branches, but may include the overall reduction of the sides as well as the top of the tree. DORMANT A condition of non -active growth Deciduous trees is considered to be dormant from the time the leaves fall until new foliage begins to appear. GIRDLING ROOTS Located above or below ground level, whose circular growth around the base of the trunk or over the individual roots applies pressure to the bard area, thereby choking or restricting the flow of sap. LIFTING The removal of lower branches for under clearance. PARENT STEM The main trunk system of the tree PRECUT OR PRECUTTING The removal of the branch at least beyond the finished cut to prevent it from splitting into the parent stem or branch. PRUNING/TRIMMING The removal of dead, dying, diseased live interfering, objectionable and weak branches in a scientific manner. SAP FLOW The definite course assumed by sap in its movement through a tree. SCARS OR INJURIES Natural or man-made lesions of the bark in which wood is exposed. SUCKERS Abnormal growth of small branches usually not following the general pattern of the tree. THINNING OUT The removal of live branches to reduce wind resistance and to create more space. TOPPING Means the same as cut back. TRACING Careful cutting of the bark along the lines of sap flow to encourage closure and to be the outline of the wound area. TRIMMING The same as pruning/trimming.