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The Village Santa Ana Specific Plan Project <br />Main Concern <br />Specific Environmental Topics EraPuated - Air Quality <br />The main concern is that the methodology and models used to quantify air quality relative to <br />the project are incapable of quantifying the risk of small particles that will be generated by <br />the project. The problems were pointed out by researchers on air pollution and dementia', <br />saying bath air pollution and dementia are current and growing global issues. There are <br />plausible links between exposure to specific air pollutants and dementia." <br />Their objective was "To systematically review the evidence base with respect to the <br />relationship between air pollution and later cognitive decline and dementia." <br />Their (2019) conclusion was that "evidence is emerging that greater exposure to airborne <br />pollutants is associated with increased risk of dementia-" Discussion and Summary: <br />DISCUSSION <br />Overall, the evidence from longirudinal oahortstudies painted towards an association between greater <br />expo5rrne tQ pgllutants, in H� p an} ; a aS s f em t"a. The evidence for <br />cognitive decline was m,ure equivocal than that for the dementia outcomes. The pattern was mixed for <br />03 with studies reporting positive and negative associations with exposure and increased risk and cue <br />reporting no associatinn. Results for C.0, PMg 5-10, end PM]o were. too few to allow stmng conclusions. <br />Thrsc results support a possible role for exposure to air pollution, rspccially pollutants <br />and Oe and an increased risk of dementia and the do dinc in cognitive function that precedes it. Plausible <br />pathways exist to support this. It is hypothesized that, when inhaled, the gas, particles, or material <br />de.sorbed from the particle surface act to induce inflammato re ores, mic lie] activation, <br />R5zduc[lun of reactive ox n s cies and increased du[tion attd de i[iou of A tides [ g,, <br />12, (304i51, Fl Mhermpre, plausible mechanisms support the potential for inhaled PM, S pr rhL env n <br />smaller UltmFine Paniculate Matter -A I m tT HIM) machirtg the brain directly via the olfactory bulb <br />with animal studies fi i u] r ic] tea ' int t e of Ib t e fr al c❑ 'c an <br />subs rt ltal areas of the brain [ 12.5 -7 1, Although our review focused mainly on later 11fe decline <br />and incident dementia, ex s rc likely builds r th lifetime. Autopsy studies from children and young <br />adults Living in Mexico City have found assooations between exposure to urban air pollution, aR rt lam <br />de ition and inflammation ahead resent within [he brain [21,21, and population -based <br />longitudinal 9rvclie5 are beginning to report aL55*cietiimis betw".n pricer air pollution expowm. and <br />imaging outcomes: for example, the Athernsclerosis Risk to Communities study found higher long tern <br />PM exposure to be associated with smaller deep-grev matter volume [Zal- <br />1 Porb&m R, E9 N, Roteru J, BU€rttl A, Mutlway I, Ansley KJ. Air Poll utiUn and DGmGrrba A Systematic Review. J <br />A niAm9rs Dis. 2015;70(sl):S1 5-S10& CIO: 10.E^3:IJAd-180d3l- PMId: 30775918; PMGID: FMG6700631. <br />The need for better :mall particle modeling <br />City of Santa Ana <br />I5-2 <br />Page 1 <br />August 2025 <br />12 <br />