Laserfiche WebLink
SANTA ANA REZONE PROJECT <br />INITIAL STUDY/MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION <br />carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter, including dust, 10 micrometers or less in diameter (PMlo), <br />and particulate matter, including dust, 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM2.5). In addition, toxic air <br />contaminants (TACs) are of concern in the SoCAB. Each of these pollutants is briefly described <br />below. Other pollutants that are regulated but not considered an issue in the project area are sulfur <br />dioxide, vinyl chloride, sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, and lead; the proposed project would not emit <br />substantial quantities of those pollutants, so they are not discussed further in this section. <br />Ozone is a gas that is formed when reactive organic gases (ROG), also known as volatile organic <br />compounds (VOC), and NOx—both byproducts of internal combustion engine exhaust —undergo slow <br />photochemical reactions in the presence of sunlight. Ozone concentrations are generally highest <br />during the summer months when direct sunlight, light wind, and warm temperature conditions are <br />conducive to its formation. Ozone effects can include the following: irritation of the respiratory system; <br />reduced lung function; breathing pattern changes; reduced breathing capacity; inflammation and <br />damage to cells that line the lungs; lungs more susceptible to infection; aggravated asthma; <br />aggravated other chronic lung diseases; permanent lung damage; some immunological changes; <br />increased mortality risk; and vegetation and property damage. <br />CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels. CO concentrations <br />tend to be the highest during winter mornings, with little to no wind, when surface -based inversions <br />trap the pollutant at ground levels. Because CO is emitted directly from internal combustion <br />engines —unlike ozone —and motor vehicles operating at slow speeds are the primary source of CO <br />in the SoCAB, the highest ambient CO concentrations are generally found near congested <br />transportation corridors and intersections. Potential health effects from CO range depending on <br />exposure: slight headaches; nausea; aggravation of angina pectoris (chest pain) and other aspects of <br />coronary heart disease; decreased exercise tolerance in persons with peripheral vascular disease <br />and lung disease; impairment of central nervous system functions; possible increased risk to fetuses; <br />and death. <br />PM10 and PM2.5 consist of extremely small, suspended particles or droplets 10 microns and 2.5 <br />microns or smaller in diameter, respectively. Some sources of particulate matter, like pollen and <br />windstorms, are naturally occurring. However, in populated areas, most particulate matter is caused <br />by road dust, diesel soot, combustion products, abrasion of tires and brakes, and construction <br />activities. Health effects from short-term exposure (hours per days) can include the following: irritation <br />of the eyes, nose, throat; coughing; phlegm; chest tightness; shortness of breath; and aggravation of <br />existing lung disease causing asthma attacks and acute bronchitis; those affected with heart disease <br />can suffer heart attacks and arrhythmias. Health effects from long-term exposure can include the <br />following: reduced lung function; chronic bronchitis; changes in lung morphology; and death. <br />TACs refer to a diverse group of air pollutants that can affect human health but have not had ambient <br />air quality standards established for them. Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is a TAC emitted from <br />construction equipment and diesel -fueled vehicles and trucks. Some short-term (acute) effects of <br />DPM exposure include eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation; coughing; headache; light-headedness; <br />and nausea. Studies have linked elevated particle levels in the air to increased hospital admissions, <br />emergency room visits, asthma attacks, and premature deaths among those suffering from <br />28 FCS <br />Https://adecinnovaticns.sharepoint.com/sites/PubiicationsSite/Shared Documents/Publications/Client(PN-JN)/0327/03270047/ISMND/03270047 Santa Ana Rezone Project ISMND.docx <br />