Exhibit 4-5_55A_HPSR - Laserfiche WebLink

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the Natural History Foundation of Orange County. no field survey was conducted during this study. ARCHAEOLOGY: CFA nnoto v� The Native American group living in the project area came to be known as Gabrielino. Nowever, this name was bestowed by the Spanish and is derived from association with Mission San Gabriel. The name the native population used to identify themselves is not known {Kroeber 1925 }' The date of the earliest human occupation of the general project area is disputed, but most scholars would agree that a human presence was es- tablished along the southern California coast by 75CO B.C. The artifactual record left by these early peopTe indicates that they subsisted primarlily by hunting. The tools they left are generally quite large and the bulk of then are chipped lithic tools, such as projectile points and scrapers, or the remains of chipped tool manufacture, such as cores and hammerstones. Many of the projectile points are finely made, while most of the other tools are crude. This era is locally known as the Early Man Period. The millennium centered around 5500 B.C. reveals a major shift in the artifactual record. The large, finely made projectile points of the earlier period give way to smaller and more crudely made points. Grinding tool's for the processing of hard seeds become the predominant artifact types_ These grinding implements are known as manos, the smaller hand held stone, and metates, the larger tools which often display deep basins. The appearance of the manos and metates i5 generally interpreted as a major shift in subsistence Strategy, with a decreased dependence on hunt- ing and an increased dependence on the gathering of wild seeds. However, this shift may not be as pronounced as originally thought. Recent work indicates that hunting continued to be relatively important (Drover, Koerper and Langenwalter 1983). This second phase of local archaeology is known as the Milling Stone Period. The Milling Stone Period persisted locally until about 1000 B.C.p when a new tool combination, the mortar and pestI6 was introduced, ushering in the Intermediate Cultures Period. 1