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Factors to Consider When Selecting An Appropriate Treatment / Cultural Landscape Gui... Page 1 of 2
<br />INTRODUCTION PRESERVING REHABILITATING RESTORING RECONSTRUCTING
<br />Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes
<br />Factors to Consider When Selecting An Appropriate Treatment
<br />.................................................................... ...............................
<br />Change and Continuity.
<br />There is a balance between change and continuity in all cultural resources. Change is Inherent in
<br />culture] landscapes: t results from both natural processes and human activities. Sometimes that
<br />change is subtle, barely perceptible as with the geomorphological effects on landform. At other times,
<br />It Is strikingly obvious, as with vegetation, either in the cyclical changes of growth and reproduction or
<br />the progressive changes of plant compefifion and succession. This dynamic quality of all cultural
<br />landscapes is balanced by the confinuity of distinctive characteristics retained over time. For, in spite
<br />of a landscapes constant change (or perhaps because of it), a property can still exhibit continuity of
<br />form, order, use, features, or materials. Preservation and rehabilitation treatments seek to secure and
<br />emphasize continuity while acknowledging change.
<br />Relative Significance in History.
<br />A cultural landscape may be a significant resource as a rare survivor or the work of an important
<br />landscape architect, horticulturist or designer. It may be the site of an important event or activity, reflect
<br />cultural traditions, a other patterns of settlement or land use. This significance may be derived from
<br />local, regional, or national importance. Cultural landscapes may be listed in the National Register of
<br />Historic Places individually, or as contributing features in a historic district. In some instances, cultural
<br />landscapes may be designated National Historic Landmarks by the Secretary of the Interior for their
<br />exceptional significance in American history.
<br />Geographical Context.
<br />The surroundings of a cultural landscape, whether an urban neighborhood or rural fanning area (see
<br />center top left and right), may contribute to its significance and its historic character and should be
<br />considered prior to treatment. The setting may contain component landscapes or features which fall
<br />hf-fn• / /xxnanar nns anv /finq /gtandgrri.R /foiir- treatments / landscape- euidelines /factors.htm 2/28/2014
<br />Overview
<br />- r
<br />Preservation Planning
<br />t
<br />Factors to Consider
<br />........................__. --- .._.....- ..._... .... ..... _...
<br />I
<br />Special Requirements
<br />Using the Standards + Guidelines
<br />Organization of the Guidelines
<br />l:. I d.
<br />.... ._.. ....
<br />I,
<br />Terminology
<br />Bibliography
<br />Acknowledgments
<br />The Standards are neither technical nor prescriptive, but are Intended to promote responsible
<br />preservation practices that help protect our Nation's irreplaceable cultural resources. They cannot be
<br />used to make essential decisions about which contributing features of a cultural fandscepe should be
<br />Before a treatment was seleced forme
<br />retained and which can be changed. But once a specific treatment is selected, the Standards can
<br />Piper Farm at Antietam Battlefield. a
<br />provide the necessary philosophical framework for a consistent and holistic approach for a cultural
<br />was important to understand that the
<br />landscape project
<br />fans complex had a high level of
<br />A treatment is a physical intervention carried out to achieve a historic preservation goal —it cannot be
<br />integrity forks turn-of-the-century
<br />development In true landscape
<br />considered in a vacuum. There are many practical and philosophical variables that influence the
<br />the of the
<br />was °restored' to the
<br />selection of a treatment for a landscape. These include, but are not limited to, the extent of histori c
<br />battle, it would have resulted in the
<br />documentation, existing physical conditions, historic value, proposed use, long and shod term
<br />removal of this farm complex and
<br />objectives, operational and code requirements (e.g. accessibility, fire, security) and anticipated capital
<br />subsequent loss of significant history.
<br />improvement, staffing and maintenance costs. The Impact of the treatment on any significant
<br />archeological and natural resources should also be considered In this decision making process.
<br />(NPS,1994)
<br />Therefore, it is necessary to consider a broad array of dynamic and interrelated variables in selecting a
<br />treatment for a cultural landscape preservation project.
<br />For some cultural landscapes, especially those that are best considered ethnographic or heritage
<br />landscapes, these Guidelines may not apply. However, if people working with these properties decide
<br />that community coherence may be affected by physical place and space—or if mere is potential for
<br />loss of landscape character whose significance is rooted in the community's activities and processes
<br />(or other aspects of its history) —this guide may be of service.
<br />.................................................................... ...............................
<br />Change and Continuity.
<br />There is a balance between change and continuity in all cultural resources. Change is Inherent in
<br />culture] landscapes: t results from both natural processes and human activities. Sometimes that
<br />change is subtle, barely perceptible as with the geomorphological effects on landform. At other times,
<br />It Is strikingly obvious, as with vegetation, either in the cyclical changes of growth and reproduction or
<br />the progressive changes of plant compefifion and succession. This dynamic quality of all cultural
<br />landscapes is balanced by the confinuity of distinctive characteristics retained over time. For, in spite
<br />of a landscapes constant change (or perhaps because of it), a property can still exhibit continuity of
<br />form, order, use, features, or materials. Preservation and rehabilitation treatments seek to secure and
<br />emphasize continuity while acknowledging change.
<br />Relative Significance in History.
<br />A cultural landscape may be a significant resource as a rare survivor or the work of an important
<br />landscape architect, horticulturist or designer. It may be the site of an important event or activity, reflect
<br />cultural traditions, a other patterns of settlement or land use. This significance may be derived from
<br />local, regional, or national importance. Cultural landscapes may be listed in the National Register of
<br />Historic Places individually, or as contributing features in a historic district. In some instances, cultural
<br />landscapes may be designated National Historic Landmarks by the Secretary of the Interior for their
<br />exceptional significance in American history.
<br />Geographical Context.
<br />The surroundings of a cultural landscape, whether an urban neighborhood or rural fanning area (see
<br />center top left and right), may contribute to its significance and its historic character and should be
<br />considered prior to treatment. The setting may contain component landscapes or features which fall
<br />hf-fn• / /xxnanar nns anv /finq /gtandgrri.R /foiir- treatments / landscape- euidelines /factors.htm 2/28/2014
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