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Factors to Consider When Selecting An Appropriate Treatment / Cultural Landscape Gui... Page 2 of 2
<br />within the property's historic boundaries, It also may be comprised of separate properties beyond the
<br />landscape's boundaries, and perhaps those of the National Register listing. The landscape Context can
<br />include the overall pattern of the circulation networks, views and vistas Into and out of the landscape,
<br />land use, natural features, clusters of structures, and division of properties.
<br />Use.
<br />Historic, current, and proposed use of the cultural landscape must be considered prior to treatment
<br />selection. Historic use is directly linked to its significance (bottom left], while current and proposed use
<br />(s) can affect integrity and existing Conditions. Parameters may vary from one landscape to another.
<br />For example, in one agricultural landscape, continuation of the historic use can lead to changes in the
<br />physical form of a farm to accommodate new crops and equipment In another agricultural property,
<br />new uses may be adapted within the landscape's existing form, order and features.
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<br />Archeological Resources.
<br />Prehistoncand historic archeological resources may be found in cultural landscapes above and below
<br />the ground [below] and even underwater. Examples of prehistoric archeological resources include
<br />prehistoric mounds built by Native- Americans. Examples of historic archeological resources include
<br />remnants of buildings, cliff dwellings, and villages; or, features of a sunken garden, mining camp, or
<br />battlefield. These resources not only have historical value, but can also reveal significant information
<br />about a cultural landscape. The appropriate treatment of a cultural landscape includes the
<br />Identification and preservation of significant archeological resources. Many landscape preservation
<br />projects include a site archeologist
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<br />Natural Systems.
<br />Cultural landscapes often derive theircharacler from a human response to natural features and
<br />systems. The significance of these natural resources may be based on their cultural associations and
<br />from their inherent ecological values. Natural resources form natural systems that are Interdependent
<br />on one another and which may extend well beyond the boundary of the historic property. For example,
<br />these systems can include geology, hydrology, plant and animal habitats, and Climate. Some of these
<br />natural resources are particularly susceptible to disturbances caused by changes in landscape
<br />management Many natural resources such as wetlands or rare spades fall under local, state, and
<br />federal regulations which must be Considered. Since natural resource protection is a specialized field
<br />distinct from cultural landscape preservation, a preservation planning team may want to include an
<br />expert in this area to address specific issues or resources found within a cultural landscape. Natural
<br />systems are an integral part of the cultural landscape and must be considered when selecting an
<br />appropriate treatment.
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<br />Management and Maintenance.
<br />Management strategies are long -term and comprehensive. They can be one of the means for
<br />implementing a landscape preservation plan. Maintenance tasks can be day -to -day, seasonal, or
<br />cyclical, as determined by management strategies. Although routine horticultural activities, such as
<br />mowing and weeding, or general grounds maintenance, such as re- laying pavement or curbs, may
<br />appear routine, such activities can cumulatively alter the character of a landscape. In contrast, well -
<br />conceived management and maintenance activities can sustain character and integrity over an
<br />extended period. Therefore, both the management and maintenance ofcultural landscapes should be
<br />considered when selecting a treatment
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<br />Interpretation,
<br />Interpretation can help in understanding and 'reading' the landscape. The tools and techniques of
<br />interpretation can include guided walks, self- guided brochures, computer -aided lours, exhibfts, and
<br />wayside stations. Interpretive goals should Compliment treatment selection, reflecting the landscape's
<br />significance and historic character. A Cultural landscape may possess varying levels of integrity or
<br />even differing periods of significance, both of which can result in a mule- faceted approach to
<br />interpretation. In some cases, interpretation and a sound interpretive strategy can inform decisions
<br />about how to treat a landscape.
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