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Discontiguous Archeological
<br />Districts
<br />Midwest Prehistoric Cave and
<br />Rock Shelter Sites Discontiguous
<br />Archeological District, Central
<br />Midwest [location restricted], includes
<br />20 archeological sites in the water-
<br />shed of Mule, Goose, and Broad
<br />creeks. Archeological sites in rock
<br />shelters and caves represent an
<br />important part of the settlement
<br />pattern of prehistoric hunters and
<br />gatherers of the region. Sheltered
<br />sites were used as temporary camps,
<br />lithic- knapping sites and resource -
<br />processing stations, and base camps.
<br />Reoccupation and sedimentation has
<br />left a deep, stratified record of prehis-
<br />toric human activities. The 20 sites in
<br />the district are a representative
<br />sample of the best preserved shelter
<br />deposits in the three creek drainages.
<br />The district is significant under
<br />Criterion D for the sites' potential to
<br />contribute important information on
<br />prehistoric life in the region. Shel-
<br />tered sites preserve the remains of
<br />special uses as well as the activities of
<br />daily life. Verbal boundary descrip-
<br />tion: [The verbal boundary descrip-
<br />tion for this district consists of town-
<br />ship, range, section references as well
<br />as UTM references for each of the 20
<br />sites. The sites are also marked on
<br />accompanying maps of the three
<br />drainages. Because this information is
<br />restricted, it is not reproduced here].
<br />Boundary justification: This district
<br />consists of 20 cave and shelter archeo-
<br />logical sites located within the drain-
<br />age basins of Mule, Goose, and Broad
<br />creeks. The archeological sites are
<br />specific points within the three
<br />drainage basins and are defined by
<br />UTM coordinates. In the future, other
<br />cave and shelter sites within the
<br />basins may be determined significant
<br />and added to the district.
<br />Plantation Cemeteries Archeologi-
<br />cal District, Deep South [location
<br />restricted], consists of two separate
<br />but historically associated African
<br />American cemeteries dating from the
<br />early 1800s to 1929. Both were
<br />established as slave cemeteries on
<br />adjoining sugar plantations. The land
<br />was purchased by the U.S. govem-
<br />ment in 1929 for construction of a
<br />flood- control project. There are no
<br />surface indications of the cemeteries
<br />due to extensive modern landscape
<br />modifications. Archeological investi-
<br />gations, however, demonstrated a
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<br />high degree of integrity. Investiga-
<br />tions included magnetometer survey,
<br />topographic survey, excavation of five
<br />1 -by -2 -meter units, backhoe trench-
<br />ing, and angering. All cultural
<br />remains were left in place. Portions of
<br />each cemetery were affected during
<br />excavation of water- control ditches;
<br />however, damage was limited. Based
<br />on identified grave sites and density
<br />predictions, each cemetery is esti-
<br />mated to include between 100 and 150
<br />graves. The district is significant for
<br />its association with African American
<br />plantation populations of the antebel-
<br />lum and postbellum periods and for
<br />its research potential. The boundaries
<br />of the two cemeteries are based on
<br />cultural features and reasonable limits
<br />beyond known resources, as deter-
<br />mined by survey and testing. Verbal
<br />boundary description: The nomi-
<br />nated district consists of two
<br />discontiguous historic cemeteries.
<br />The first cemetery is delineated by a
<br />polygon whose vertices are marked
<br />by UTM references A, B, C, and D
<br />[listed in registration form and
<br />marked on accompanying USGS
<br />map]. The second cemetery is delin-
<br />eated by the polygon whose vertices
<br />are marked by UTM references A, B,
<br />C, and D [listed in the registration
<br />form and marked on the accompany-
<br />ing USGS mapl• Boundary justifica-
<br />tion: The fieldwork determined a
<br />total site size of ca. 3,000 square
<br />meters (under 1 acre) for the first
<br />cemetery. The western, northern, and
<br />southern boundaries were extended
<br />10 meters beyond confirmed burials.
<br />This was considered necessary due to
<br />the limited amount of fieldwork and
<br />the irregular and elusive nature of this
<br />type of archeological resource. No
<br />topographic, vegetative, or other
<br />natural markers remain to help define
<br />the site boundaries. The discovery of
<br />burials 10 and 11 in a backhoe trench
<br />excavated beyond the previously
<br />identified limits of the site illustrated
<br />the need to expand the site bound-
<br />aries beyond the confirmed burials.
<br />The eastern boundary is defined by
<br />the haul road which abuts the site.
<br />Magnetometer survey did not indicate
<br />any burials under the road; however,
<br />this boundary is problematic since
<br />further archeological investigation
<br />was precluded in the road bed. The
<br />boundaries described above provide a
<br />reasonable estimate of the extent and
<br />location of burials at the site. The
<br />field work determined a total site size
<br />of 3,300 square meters (less than one
<br />acre) for the second cemetery. The site
<br />boundaries include a 10 -meter exten-
<br />sion beyond confirmed burials on the
<br />eastern and southern margins of the
<br />site and a 20 -meter zone along the
<br />northern and western margins. As
<br />with the first cemetery, these extended
<br />boundaries were required due to the
<br />inconclusive nature of the limited
<br />fieldwork.
<br />Woodland Mounds Archeological
<br />District, Upper Midwest [location
<br />restricted], is a group of prehistoric
<br />mounds located on the grounds of a
<br />school. The district originally in-
<br />cluded 15 mounds; 12 survive, includ-
<br />ing conical, linear, and bird effigy
<br />forms. The mounds date to the Late
<br />Woodland Period (ca. A.D. 650 - 1300)•
<br />The district is composed of three
<br />discontiguous areas (A, B, and C), with
<br />modern buildings and landscaping
<br />separating the areas. Several mound
<br />groups in the vicinity were mapped in
<br />the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
<br />including the Woodland Mounds
<br />groups, and in the 1930s, three of the
<br />mounds were excavated. Remnants of
<br />damaged mounds have been identi-
<br />fied, but the seriously compromised
<br />mounds have not been included in the
<br />district. Since the early 20th century,
<br />efforts have been made to protect the
<br />surviving mounds. Intact deposits
<br />probably survive in several of the
<br />mounds. The district is significant for
<br />its potential to yield information on
<br />the Late Woodland period. Research
<br />questions are focused on information
<br />that can be obtained through non-
<br />invasive means, such as location and
<br />arrangement, geographical distribu-
<br />tion, and proximity to resources.
<br />Cultural features were used to define
<br />the National Register boundaries.
<br />Verbal boundary description: The
<br />site is divided into three areas [bound-
<br />aries of which are shown on the
<br />accompanying map]. Area A includes
<br />UTM reference C and is a small, less -
<br />than -1 -acre parcel whose east bound-
<br />ary is Mound 1 and west boundary is
<br />Mound 2. Area B includes UTM
<br />reference B and is an L- shaped 1 -acre
<br />parcel. Area B is bounded on the
<br />north by Mound 11 and on the south
<br />by Oak Drive. UTM reference B is the
<br />easternmost point of Area B and is the
<br />point where Mound 3 intersects with
<br />Oak Drive. UTM point A is the
<br />westernmost point of the district an is
<br />located in Area C. It is the point
<br />where Mound 12 intersects Maple
<br />Drive. Boundary justification: The
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