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CITY OF SANTA ANA, CALIFORNIA STANDARD SPECIFICATION NUMBER 32. Sanitary Sewers. SECTION 1. GENERAL. The work embraced in, and to be done under these specifications consists of the furnish- inl~ of all necessary materials, labor, tools and appliances and the performing of all work of excavating and backfilling trenches, furnishing and laying all pipe, specials, "Y" branches and laetrals, consrtueting manholes, lampholes and flush tanks, together with all pumping, draining, testing and other incidental work necessary to complete the whole in a proper manner, in accordance with the plans, profiles and other drawings on file in the office of the City Engineer, and these speeificatinns and instructions. The kind and elassificatinn of Sewer Pipe to be used shall be as noted on the plans or in the bidding proposal and shall be in accordance with the requirements for that kind and classification of sewer pipe as hereinbefore specified. ~ECTION 2, EXCAVATION. (a) ALIGNMENT AND GRADE. The alignment and grade shall be as shown on the plans and profiles. The sub-grade shall be the exterior bottom of the pipe. The grade line shown on the profile is the invert or interior bottom of the pipe. The excavation shall be made a~ufficient distance below the grade line to allow for the placing of the sewer invert and the concrete foundation of such foundation is shown on the plan or profile. Should the trench be excavatea to a depth greater than required the Contractor shall refill such excess excavation with screened gravel which shall be tamped until solid. (b) WIDTH OF TRENCH. The trench shall be excavated at least twelve (12) inches greater in width than the outside diameter of the pipe to be lald and at least six (6) inches clearance shall be allowed on each side of the pipe. (c) EXCAVATED MATERIAL. The earth taken from the trench shall be deposited neatly along the sides in a manner such as not to obstruct the street more than is necessary and a clear space of two (2) feet adjacent to the trench shall be left on the side on which the City Englncer's stakes are placed. Free access to fire hydrants and water ,gates must be maintained at all times. (d) TUNNELS. Where tunnels are so indicated on the plans or profiles, the sewer may be laid in sections of open trenches connected, by tunnels. Tunnels shall be not more than ten (10) feet each in length and not less than wto and one.half (2~,t) feet in height, measured from the top of the pipe. (e) MANHOLES AND OTHER STRUCTURES. The excavation for all manholes and other structures shall be sufficient to leave-at least six (6) inches in the clear between their outer surface and the embankment or timbering which may be used to protect them. In no case shall any excavated embanPanent be used as an exterior-form for con- crete work. (f) BRACING TRENCHES. The sides of the excavation shall be supported with sheet piling and bracing, and all tunnels shall be timbered whenever the ground will not itand unsupported, and in all cases the sheet piling or bracing shall be drawn, as the work progresses, in such manner as to prevent as much as possible the caving in of the sides of the trench. All openings caused by the removal of the sheet piling or timbers shall be filled with good earth, which shall be compacted by flooding. SECTION $. PIPE LAYING. After the trench for pipe sewers has been brought to the proper line and grade in the manner above specified, the pipe shall be laid therein in the f011ow~tg manner: